Association between resilience and burnout of front‐line nurses at the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Positive and negative affect as mediators in Wuhan
Open accessAbstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is having a dramatic effect on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs). Upon the emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Chinese government dispatched about 42 000 HCWs to Wuhan City and Hubei Province to fight this pandemic. This study briefly examines front‐line nurses who experienced burnout, with the main objective of investigating the mediating roles of positive and negative affect in the relationship between resilience and burnout in Wuhan hospitals at the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A total of 180 front‐line nurses voluntarily participated via a social media group. They completed the online questionnaires, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (MBI‐GS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC), demographics, and work‐related characteristics. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was used to examine the mediating effect of positive and negative affect on the relationship between resilience and burnout. The total prevalence of burnout was 51.7%, of which 15.0% were severe burnout. These preliminary results revealed that positive and negative affect fully mediated the effects of resilience on burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment of front‐line nurses. It is necessary to know the impact of resilience on HCWs with burnout through the positive and negative affect of individual backgrounds and situations, and how policymakers can deploy resilience interventions to support front‐line HCWs.
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AAQ2, CD-RISC 10, and PSRS have good validity and reliability for measuring psychological flexibility, resilience, and stress reactivity.
“which exhibits strong convergent and discriminant validity, while also being robust to social desirability bias.”
From Enhanced Stress-Resilience Training (ESRT) for graduate-entry medical students: a randomised-controlled, mixed-method investigation (2025) · cites this paper as [56]
The Chinese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale has Cronbach's ɑ coefficients of 0.93 and 0.90 for the positive and negative domains, respectively.
“The Cronbach’s ɑ coefficients were 0.93 and 0.90 for the positive and negative domains, respectively [41].”
From Workflow interruption and nurses’ mental workload in electronic health record tasks: An observational study (2023) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Zhang, X., Jiang, X., Ni, P., Li, H., Li, C., Zhou, Q., Ou, Z., Guo, Y., & Cao, J.
- Affiliations
- Xuzhou Medical College (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Xiaoning
- Cao, Junli
- Venue
- International Journal of Mental Health Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-04-23
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 939-954
- ISSN
- 1445-8330 (ISSN-L)
- 1447-0349
- PMC
- PMC8251287
- OpenAlex
- W3155921090
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 14
- FWCI
- 14.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Mental Health Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation ((2020M670077ZX))
- Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- resilience, burnout, frontline nurses, positive affect, negative affect, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, healthcare workers, COVID-19 pandemic, Wuhan, mediating effect
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Burnout, Professional, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Nurses, Surveys and Questionnaires, Pandemics
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