The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 84 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 43 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Smoking and the Five‐Factor Model of personality
Open accessAbstract
Aims Investigating the association between personality traits and smoking status using a comprehensive model of personality, the Five‐Factor Model (FFM). Design Cross‐sectional survey. Setting Baltimore, MD, USA. Participants Adult elderly Americans (n = 1638). Measurements A self‐administered survey on cigarette smoking and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R). Findings Current smokers scored higher than never smokers on neuroticism and lower on agreeableness and conscientiousness; former smokers scored intermediate on these higher‐order dimensions. Neuroticism was related to smoking particularly among individuals with low conscientiousness, as indicated by an interaction effect between the two factors. There were no differences on extraversion and openness to experience. At the lower‐order facet level, smokers were characterized by inability to resist cravings (high impulsiveness), search for stimulation (high excitement‐seeking), lack of perseverance (low self‐discipline) and lack of careful consideration of the consequences of their actions (low deliberation). Conclusions At the higher‐order factor level, this study replicates and extends previous studies using a comprehensive model of personality (FFM). The greater specificity provided by the facet‐level analysis appears to explain some of the conflicting results in the literature, and the use of an older sample provides insight especially into the former smokers group. Personality research may lead to a deeper understanding of cigarette smoking and can potentially contribute to policies and programs of smoking prevention and cessation.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In a cross-sectional survey of 1,638 adult-elderly Americans, current smokers scored higher on Neuroticism and lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness than never-smokers, with former-smokers intermediate on these factors. Facet-level and interaction analyses showed that smoking was especially associated with high Impulsiveness, high Excitement-seeking, low Self-Discipline, low Deliberation, and a Neuroticism × Conscientiousness interaction.
Key findings
- Current-smokers differed significantly from never-smokers on Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, but not on Extraversion or Openness; former-smokers were intermediate, with significant differences from both groups on Neuroticism and Conscientiousness.
- The largest higher-order effect was for Conscientiousness (η² = .035), followed by Neuroticism (η² = .021) and Agreeableness (η² = .011); the Conscientiousness difference between current- and never-smokers was larger than 0.5 SD, d = .6.
- At the facet level, current-smokers scored higher on Neuroticism facets, especially Impulsiveness, and higher on Excitement-seeking; they scored lower on Conscientiousness facets, especially Self-Discipline and Deliberation, and lower on Agreeableness facets including Straightforwardness, Altruism, and Compliance.
- A Neuroticism × Conscientiousness interaction contributed significantly to discrimination among smoking groups (Λ = .946, F(8, 3264) = 11.59, p < .001, η² = .054); the low-Conscientiousness/high-Neuroticism “under-controlled” group was about two times more likely to be current smokers than the low-Conscientiousness/low-Neuroticism “relaxed” group and three times more likely than high-Conscientiousness groups.
Methods
- Cross-sectional survey of Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging participants (N = 1,638; age 20–96, M = 60.3, SD = 18), divided into never-smokers (n = 828), former-smokers (n = 694), and current-smokers (n = 116).
- Smoking was assessed by self-administered survey; personality was assessed with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), a 240-item self-report measure yielding five factors and 30 facets, standardized as T-scores (M = 50, SD = 10).
- Main analyses used ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for 35 comparisons, ANCOVA controlling for age and education, sex-standardized T-scores, a sex- and age-matched design control, and hierarchical discriminant analysis entering the five factors followed by their two-way interactions.
Limitations
- The paper states that the BLSA is not a probability sample, participation is voluntary, and participants are mostly highly educated, high socioeconomic status, and relatively healthy; it also notes that historical and cross-cultural differences may shape smoking–personality associations and that continuous monitoring is needed.
- The cross-sectional design cannot establish whether personality differences precede or follow smoking; the paper itself discusses that high Neuroticism could be a cause as well as an effect of smoking.
- The current-smoker group was small (n = 116, 7.1% of the sample), and the sample was adult-elderly, which the authors note is less frequently studied and includes a large proportion of former smokers.
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Claims the paper makes
34 Own result · 28 Not checked yet · 16 Own interpretation · 9 Own method · 2 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no differences on Extraversion and Openness to Experience.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“there were significant differences among groups on Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, but no significant differences on Extraversion or Openness factors.”
plainn = 1,638- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“current-smokers compared to non-smokers scored significantly higher on Neuroticism and significantly lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, with the difference in Conscientiousness larger than 0.5 SD, d = .6.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“Current-smokers scored higher than never-smokers on Neuroticism and lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness; former-smokers scored intermediate on these higher-order dimensions.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Former-smokers also scored significantly lower than never-smokers in Agreeableness.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“former-smokers scored intermediate on these higher-order dimensions.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Former-smokers showed intermediate scores on the above factors”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Current-smokers scored higher than never-smokers on Neuroticism and lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness; former-smokers scored intermediate on these higher-order dimensions.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“current-smokers compared to non-smokers scored significantly higher on Neuroticism and significantly lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness”
plaincorrelationaln = 1,638- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with the exception of Self-Consciousness, all facets of Neuroticism showed significant differences among smoking status groups.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Current-smokers scored higher than never-smokers on Neuroticism and lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness; former-smokers scored intermediate on these higher-order dimensions.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“current-smokers compared to non-smokers scored significantly higher on Neuroticism and significantly lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness”
plaincorrelationaln = 1,638- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neuroticism was related to smoking particularly among individuals with low Conscientiousness, as indicated by an interaction effect between the two factors.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Of all possible interaction terms, only Neuroticism × Conscientiousness contributed significantly to the discriminant function”
plaincorrelationaln = 1,638- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three of the five factors, Conscientiousness (Λ = .970, F(2, 1635) = 25.62, p < .001), Agreeableness (Λ = .958, F(4, 3268) = 17.67, p < .001), and Neuroticism (Λ = .950, F(6, 3266) = 14.02, p < .001) were found to contribute significantly to the discriminant function.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of all possible interaction terms, only Neuroticism × Conscientiousness contributed significantly to the discriminant function (Λ = .946, F(8, 3264) = 11.59, p < .001, η2 = 1 − Λ = .054).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 21
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 17
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Former-smokers showed intermediate scores on the above factors, with significant differences from the other groups on Neuroticism and Conscientiousness.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Current-smokers scored higher than the other groups on all facets of Neuroticism, with the largest differences in Impulsiveness.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additional analyses indicated that individuals who smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime scored intermediate between never and former smokers on Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, but they were not significantly different from never smokers.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among the facets of Extraversion, there were significant differences only on Excitement Seeking, with current-smokers scoring higher then never-smokers.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In particular, there were significant differences on Neuroticism (p = .001), Agreeableness (p = .001), and Conscientiousness (p < .001), but not on Extraversion and Openness (p > .05).”
plainn = 116- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were significant differences among groups on all facets of Conscientiousness, with smokers scoring clearly lower than non-smokers.”
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Former-smokers showed intermediate scores on these factors”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with the largest differences in Impulsiveness.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“US smokers today are likely to be different from the US smokers of a few decades ago, or current smokers in non-Western countries.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Despite some inconsistency he concluded that smokers differed most reliably on Psychoticism (especially impulsivity, antisocial behavior, sensation seeking, and aggression) and Neuroticism.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gilbert 1995
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The BLSA is not a probability sample; participation is on a voluntary basis.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“a growing consensus has supported the Five-Factor Model (FFM, see Digman 1990, Goldberg 1990, John 1990, McCrae & John 1992, McCrae 2001a, but see Block 1995) as a comprehensive yet manageable taxonomy of traits.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Digman 1990
- Not checked yetcites Goldberg 1990
- Not checked yetcites John 1990
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the higher-order factor level, this study replicates and extends previous studies using a comprehensive model of personality (FFM).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Personality traits increase the risk for cigarette smoking.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another possible reason for inconsistency across studies is the broad and heterogeneous nature of the dimensions studied.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that Neuroticism and Conscientiousness may play a role in both smoking initiation and maintenance/cessation.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the major analysis reported in Table 1, Bonferroni correction was performed to evaluate the statistical significance of mean differences among the three groups.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“A remarkable 24-year follow-up study (Kubicka et al. 2001) showed that low Conscientiousness in children, but not Neuroticism or Extraversion, was a predictor of smoking in adulthood.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kubicka et al. 2001
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Cultural factors and public policy influence greatly the prevalence of smoking in the population and in turn the characteristics of smokers (Hughes et al. 1997).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hughes et al. 1997
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Personality traits are enduring dispositions (McCrae & Costa 2003) and major determinants of behavior (Paunonen 2003).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McCrae & Costa 2003
- Not checked yetcites Paunonen 2003
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“NEO-PI-R scales have shown longitudinal stability, cross-observer agreement, and convergent and discriminant validity in a large body of studies (Costa & McCrae 1992).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Costa & McCrae 1992
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the use of an older sample provides insight especially into the former smokers group.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Those traits have been shown to be heritable (e.g. Jang et al. 1998) and generalizable across-cultures (McCrae & Costa 1997, Paunonen et al. 2000, McCrae 2001b, see also Triandis & Suh 2002).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jang et al. 1998
- Not checked yetcites McCrae & Costa 1997
- Not checked yetcites Paunonen et al. 2000
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The assumption of homogeneity of variance for the ANOVA was tested using the Levene statistic. No large violations were found and robust statistics produced consistent results.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The inconsistency in the literature may derive also from comparisons of studies that have used different instruments, different methods of classification of smoking status, or different populations sampled.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Efficacy is evidenced by cessation rates of 22-26% in a general population.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Velicer and Prochaska (1999)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Vollrath and Torgersen (2002) reported that the Impulsive and Insecure personality types, which are both characterized by low Conscientiousness and high Neuroticism, are more likely to be current-smokers.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vollrath and Torgersen (2002)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Indeed, the association of smoking with Extraversion was found in the US population before 1970–1980 (Smith 1970), but not in the last two decades, whereas the association is still found in countries with a high prevalence of smokers, such as Japan (Arai et al. 1997).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smith 1970
- Not checked yetcites Arai et al. 1997
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“As argued by Hughes et al. (1997), the prevalence of smoking is constantly changing, with different trends in different times and cultures.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hughes et al. (1997)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Individuals with low scores on Agreeableness are antagonistic, hostile, and intolerant; they have lower needs for social approval and thus are more likely to start and continue smoking in spite of the deleterious effect of smoking upon other people”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some studies suggest that rebelliousness, a trait closely related to low Agreeableness, contributes to the etiology of cigarette smoking (Stewart & Livson 1966).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stewart & Livson 1966
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the findings are likely to generalize to the US adult population today, historical and cross-cultural differences may shape the association of smoking status with personality traits.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the findings are likely to generalize to the US adult population today, historical and cross-cultural differences may shape the association of smoking status with personality traits.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Analyses on the present sample are highly consistent with their findings and are somewhat consistent with the Parkes’ (1984) findings of an interaction between Neuroticism and Psychoticism but not with the finding of interaction between Neuroticism and Extraversion.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vollrath and Torgersen (2002)
- Not checked yetcites Parkes’ (1984)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Personality traits increase the risk for cigarette smoking.
“it is important to identify individual difference variables particularly personality traits that increase the risk for cigarette smoking.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The four impulsivity-related facets play a role in smoking initiation, maintenance, or cessation.
“These facets likely play a role in smoking initiation, maintenance, or cessation, and only analyses at the facet level offer the opportunity to assess their importance.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Five-Factor Model is a reasonably comprehensive taxonomy of personality traits.
“There has been great progress in trait psychology in the past 20 years, with a general consensus on the FFM as a reasonably comprehensive taxonomy of personality traits.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Conscientiousness has rarely been considered in previous studies.
“the personality dimension of Conscientiousness, which showed the largest association to smoking behavior in this study, has rarely been considered in previous studies.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Smokers are not a homogeneous group.
“However, evidence that smokers are not a homogeneous group suggests that a diversity of treatment modalities is necessary.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“With respect to health behaviors, elevated has been linked to weight gain and obesity [84, 109] and smoking [110], general etiologic factors in foreshortened longevity.”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [110]
In the citing paper
“Given that conscientiousness has been positively associated with habitual physical activity [83] and negatively associated with body mass index [84] and current tobacco use [85], it could be argued that personality characteristics are an integral part of explaining the variance in chronotype and positive health behaviors.”
From Smoking, screen-based sedentary behavior, and diet associated with habitual sleep duration and chronotype: data from the UK Biobank (2016) · cites this paper as [85]
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Consistentχ²(2) = 31reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“χ2(2) = 31, p < .001”
- ConsistentF(2, 1634) = 36.7reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(2, 1634) = 36.7, p < .001”
- ConsistentF(2, 1582) = 6.9reported p = .001 · recomputed p = .001
“F(2, 1582) = 6.9, p = .001”
- ConsistentF(2, 1635) = 25.62reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(2, 1635) = 25.62, p < .001”
- ConsistentF(4, 3268) = 17.67reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(4, 3268) = 17.67, p < .001”
- ConsistentF(6, 3266) = 14.02reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(6, 3266) = 14.02, p < .001”
- ConsistentF(8, 3264) = 11.59reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(8, 3264) = 11.59, p < .001”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Results
“The η2 values are between small and medium effect size (Cohen 1988), which are consistent with previous studies.”
§ Conclusions
“O6: Values 49.85 a (10.8) 50.59 a (9.5) 53.57 b (10.3) 6.93 * .008”
Citations
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“The high score on neuroticism is also consistent with the view that some individuals use © 2004 Society for the Study of Addiction Addiction, 99, 472–481 478 Antonio Terracciano & Paul T. Costa, Jr cigarette smoking as self-medication (Khantzian 1997).”
Result
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Costa P. T., 1992, Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) and NEO Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) Professional Manual.
- Costa P. T., 2000, NEO PI‐R Interpretive Report: NEO Software System.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 423
Weller, J. A., Ceschi, A., Hirsch, L., Sartori, R., & Costantini, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02258 · Cited by 61
McClernon, F. J., Fuemmeler, B., Kollins, S., Kail, M., & Ashley-Koch, A. (2008) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200701704913 · Cited by 50
Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: A mega-meta path analysis
Miller, B. K., Wan, M., Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Thompson, M. J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263631 · Cited by 61
Digit ratio, nicotine and alcohol intake and national rates of smoking and alcohol consumption
Manning, J. T., & Fink, B. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.10.016 · Cited by 49
Impulsivity-related traits are associated with higher white blood cell counts
Sutin, A. R., Milaneschi, Y., Cannas, A., Ferrucci, L., Uda, M., Schlessinger, D., Zonderman, A. B., & Terracciano, A. (2011) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-011-9390-0 · Cited by 50
Self-citationPersonality and Survival in Older Age: The Role of Lifestyle Behaviors and Health Status
Rizzuto, D., Mossello, E., Fratiglioni, L., Santoni, G., & Wang, H. (2017) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2017.06.008 · Cited by 50
“The widespread hypothesis that personality affects health and lifespan is supported by growing evidence of its influence on health-related factors (2, 3), such as obesity (4) and smoking (5, 6), two major determinants of morbidity and mortality (7).”
BackgroundPersonality, Socio-Economic Status and Inflammation: Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study
Millar, K., Lloyd, S. M., McLean, J. S., Batty, G. D., Burns, H., Cavanagh, J., Deans, K. A., Ford, I., McConnachie, A., McGinty, A., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058256 · Cited by 47
Personality Correlates Related to Tobacco Abstinence following Treatment
Hooten, W. M., Wolter, T. D., Ames, S. C., Hurt, R. D., Vickers, K. S., Offord, K. P., & Hays, J. T. (2005) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/n9f1-1r9g-6edw-9bfl · Cited by 47
“In a cross-sectional study by Terracciano and Costa, 116 smokers and 694 former smokers completed the NEO PI-R [50].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPulay, A. J., Stinson, F. S., Ruan, W. J., Smith, S. M. R., Pickering, R. P., Dawson, D. A., & Grant, B. F. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.004 · Cited by 46
The adaptive decision-making, risky decision, and decision-making style of Internet gaming disorder
Ko, C., Wang, P., Liu, T.-Y., Chen, C.-S., Yen, C.-F., & Yen, J. (2017) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.05.020 · Cited by 49
Lackner, N., Unterrainer, ., & Neubauer, A. C. (2013) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-013-9445-2 · Cited by 49
Leung, D. Y. P., Wong, E. M. L., Chan, S. S., & Lam, T. (2012) · Journal of Nursing Education and Practice · doi:10.5430/jnep.v3n6p1 · Cited by 47
Personality trait prediction by machine learning using physiological data and driving behavior
Evin, M. A., Hidalgo-Muñoz, A. R., Béquet, A. J., Moreau, F., Tattegrain, H., Berthelon, C., Fort, A., & Jallais, C. (2022) · Machine Learning with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.mlwa.2022.100353 · Cited by 44
McCann, S. J. H. (2010) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq113 · Cited by 44
Pleiotropic effect of the TPH A779C polymorphism on nicotine dependence and personality
Reuter, M., & Hennig, J. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30153 · Cited by 44
Mõttus, R., Luciano, M., Starr, J. M., Pollard, M. C., & Deary, I. J. (2013) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31827576cc · Cited by 43
Personality influences on change in smoking behavior.
Welch, D., & Poulton, R. (2009) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013471 · Cited by 44
Facets of Conscientiousness and risk of dementia
Sutin, A. R., Stéphan, Y., & Terracciano, A. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717002306 · Cited by 40
“To the extent that personality is also associated with education (Sutin et al. 2017), smoking (Terracciano & Costa, 2004), and physical inactivity (Sutin et al. 2016; Sutin & Terracciano, 2016), the dementia risk associated with personality may be due to the shared vulnerability between personality…”
BackgroundSelf-citationBuilding a theory of adaptive neuroticismPreprint
Weston, S. J. (2017) · doi:10.31237/osf.io/w8574 · Cited by 42
DEPRESSION AND SMOKING: A 5-YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Holma, I. A. K., Holma, K. M., Melartin, T. K., Ketokivi, M. A., & Isometsä, E. T. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22108 · Cited by 44
“These consist of genetic factors[4, 5] or other confounding factors associated with both MDD and smoking, such as alcohol-use disorders,[6, 28] other comorbid factors, or personality traits, including neuroticism or extraversion, hostility, alienation, aggression, novelty seeking, or lower agreeableness, conscientious…”
BackgroundThe power of personality in successful ageing: a comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies
Pocnet, C., Popp, J., & Jopp, D. S. (2020) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-020-00575-6 · Cited by 54
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Are personality traits associated with white-coat and masked hypertension?
Terracciano, A., Scuteri, A., Strait, J., Sutin, A. R., Meirelles, O., Marongiu, M., Orrù, M., Pilia, M. G., Ferrucci, L., Cucca, F., et al. (2014) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000289 · Cited by 39
“More broadly, this finding is consistent with other evidence that low conscientiousness is associated with risk factors for hypertension such as obesity [30], physical inactivity [31,32], and tobacco smoking [33].”
Self-citationThe prospective association between personality traits and persistent pain and opioid medication use
Sutin, A. R., Stephan, Y., Luchetti, M., & Terracciano, A. (2019) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.04.019 · Cited by 38
Self-citationIs Healthy Neuroticism Associated with Chronic Conditions? A Coordinated Integrative Data Analysis
Weston, S. J., Graham, E. K., Turiano, N. A., Aschwanden, D., Booth, T., Harrison, F., James, B. D., Lewis, N. A., Makkar, S. R., Mueller, S., et al. (2020) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.267 · Cited by 41
Interacting personality traits? Smoking as a test case
Glicksohn, J., & Nahari, G. (2006) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.609 · Cited by 41
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Serum Markers of Inflammation Mediate the Positive Association Between Neuroticism and Depression
Schmidt, F. M., Sander, C., Minkwitz, J., Mergl, R., Dalton, B., Holdt, L. M., Teupser, D., Hegerl, U., & Himmerich, H. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00609 · Cited by 37
“Also, neuroticism may be associated with increased cytokine levels due to its relationship with a higher prevalence of obesity and smoking habits, factors known to up-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines (9, 43, 44).”
BackgroundPersonality and participation in mass health checkups among Japanese community-dwelling elderly
Iwasa, H., Masui, Y., Gondo, Y., Yoshida, Y., Inagaki, H., 河合, 千., Kim, H., Yoshida, H., & Suzuki, T. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.07.006 · Cited by 35
Resting-state EEG, impulsiveness, and personality in daily and nondaily smokers
Rass, O., Ahn, W., & O’Donnell, B. F. (2015) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.05.007 · Cited by 34
Armon, G., Melamed, S., Shirom, A., Berliner, S., & Shapira, I. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.035 · Cited by 54
Kahler, C. W., Leventhal, A. M., Daughters, S. B., Clark, M. A., Colby, S. M., Ramsey, S. E., Boergers, J., Abrams, D. B., Niaura, R., & Buka, S. L. (2010) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq014 · Cited by 34
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Tolea, M. I., Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., Ferrucci, L., Faulkner, K. A., Coday, M., Ayonayon, H. N., Simonsick, E. M., & for the Health, A. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs030 · Cited by 36
Self-citationIs Healthy Neuroticism Associated with Longevity? A Coordinated Integrative Data Analysis
Turiano, N. A., Graham, E. K., Weston, S. J., Booth, T., Harrison, F., James, B. D., Lewis, N. A., Makkar, S. R., Mueller, S., Wisniewski, K. M., et al. (2020) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.268 · Cited by 42
Education and Smoking: Confounding or Effect Modification by Phenotypic Personality Traits?
Chapman, B., Fiscella, K., Duberstein, P., & Kawachi, I. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9142-3 · Cited by 33
“This is different than prior reports in a much older samples that levels of Neuroticism in former smokers are lower than in current smokers (11).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialObesity has limited behavioural overlap with addiction and psychiatric phenotypes
Vainik, U., Mišić, B., Zeighami, Y., Michaud, A., Mõttus, R., & Dagher, A. (2019) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-019-0752-x · Cited by 33
New Frontiers for the Five‐Factor Model: A Preview of the Literature
McCrae, R. R., & Sutin, A. R. (2007) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00021.x · Cited by 38
Smoking and psychopathology increasingly associated in recent birth cohorts
Talati, A., WICKRAMARATNE, P. J., Keyes, K. M., Hasin, D. S., LEVIN, F. R., & Weissman, M. M. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.025 · Cited by 32
Wright, A. J., Weston, S. J., Norton, S. A., Voss, M., Bogdan, R., Oltmanns, T. F., & Jackson, J. J. (2022) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0001162 · Cited by 38
Packard, C. J., Cavanagh, J., McLean, J. S., McConnachie, A., Messow, C., Batty, G. D., Burns, H., Deans, K. A., Sattar, N. A., Shiels, P. G., et al. (2012) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fds030 · Cited by 34
Personality, Emotional Qualities of Leisure, and Subjective Well-Being in the Elderly
Kahlbaugh, P. E., & Huffman, L. (2016) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.1177/0091415016685329 · Cited by 36
Dermody, S. S., Wright, A. G. C., Cheong, J., Miller, K., Muldoon, M. F., Flory, J. D., Gianaros, P. J., Marsland, A. L., & Manuck, S. B. (2015) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12216 · Cited by 33
“…associated with health behaviors such as substance use, imprudent diet, and physical inactivity (Bogg & Roberts, 2004; Bogg & Vo, 2014; Bunde & Suls, 2006; Courneya & Hellsten, 1998; Malouff, Thorsteinsson, Rooke, & Schutte, 2007; Malouff, Thorsteinsson, & Schutte, 2006; Terracciano & Costa, 2004).”
Personality and Lung Function in Older Adults
Terracciano, A., Stephan, Y., Luchetti, M., Gonzalez-Rothi, R., & Sutin, A. (2016) · The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbv161 · Cited by 31
“…(DHHS, 2014), and similar to COPD, smokers tend to score higher on neuroticism and lower on conscientiousness (Malouff, Thorsteinsson, & Schutte, 2006; Terracciano & Costa, 2004; Terracciano, Löckenhoff, Zonderman, Ferrucci, & Costa, 2008; Turiano, Whiteman, Hampson, Roberts, & Mroczek, 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMaldonato, M. N., Sperandeo, R., Dell’Orco, S., Cozzolino, P., Fusco, M. L., Iorio, V. S., Albesi, D., Marone, P., Nascivera, N., & Cipresso, P. (2017) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901713010233 · Cited by 30
Addiction to Social Networking Sites and User Responses
Qahri‐Saremi, H., Vaghefi, I., & Turel, O. (2021) · ACM SIGMIS Database the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems · doi:10.1145/3508484.3508489 · Cited by 30
“Indeed, prior research on addiction shows that personality traits can play a key role in differentiating people with higher addictive tendencies from those with lower ones (Claes et al., 2006; Kayi ş et al., 2016; Terracciano & Costa, 2004; Vaghefi & Qahri-Saremi, 2018).”
BackgroundHelgeson, V. S., & Palladino, D. K. (2012) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00421.x · Cited by 30
Health, health behaviors, and health dissimilarities predict divorce: results from the HUNT study
Torvik, F. A., Gustavson, K., Røysamb, E., & Tambs, K. (2015) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-015-0072-5 · Cited by 30
“Smoking is more common among people high in neuroticism and low in agreeableness and conscientiousness (Terracciano & Costa 2004).”
BackgroundCombined Effects of Neuroticism and Extraversion
Fang, L., Heisel, M. J., Duberstein, P. R., & Zhang, J. (2012) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31825bfb53 · Cited by 32
Subjective effects of transdermal nicotine among nonsmokers.
Ashare, R. L., Baschnagel, J. S., & Hawk, L. W. (2010) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0018864 · Cited by 29
“…including individual differences such as personality traits (Acosta et al., 2008; Jamner, Shapiro, & Jarvik, 1999; McCrae, Costa Jr, & Bosse, 1978; Terracciano & Costa, 2004) and sex (Perkins, Jacobs, Sanders, & Caggiula, 2002), as well as situational or contextual factors (Perkins, 1995, 1999).”
BackgroundNieva, G., Valero, S., Bruguera, E., Andión, Ó., Trasovares, M. V., Gual, A., & Casas, M. (2011) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.05.008 · Cited by 28
de Leeuw, R. N. H., Scholte, R. H. J., Sargent, J. D., Vermulst, A. A., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2010) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018182 · Cited by 29
Social Control of Health Behavior: Associations With Conscientiousness and Neuroticism
Tucker, J. S., Elliott, M. N., & Klein, D. J. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167206289728 · Cited by 28
Are Optimism and Cynical Hostility Associated with Smoking Cessation in Older Women?
Progovac, A. M., Chang, Y.-F., Chang, C.-C. H., Matthews, K. A., Donohue, J. M., Scheier, M. F., Habermann, E. B., Kuller, L. H., Goveas, J. S., Chapman, B. P., et al. (2017) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9873-x · Cited by 29
Choi, S. L., Martin, P., Cho, J., Ryou, Y. J., & Heinz, M. S. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111499 · Cited by 28
How Do Impulsivity and Education Relate to Smoking Initiation and Cessation Among Young Adults?
Kvaavik, E., & Rise, J. (2012) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2012.73.804 · Cited by 27
Korhonen, T., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Varjonen, J., Broms, U., Koskenvuo, M., & Kaprio, J. A. (2011) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq251 · Cited by 27
Choi, J., Payne, T. J., Ma, J. Z., & Li, M. D. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00122 · Cited by 27
“In addition, daily smokers, as compared with former and never smokers, tend to score higher in neuroticism (8, 9).”
Leu, C., Richardson, T. G., Kaufmann, T., van der Meer, D., Andreassen, O. A., Westlye, L. T., Busch, R. M., Smith, G. D., & Lal, D. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232292 · Cited by 27
“In addition, neuroticism is phenotypically correlated with smoking behavior [33].”
BackgroundOtten, R., Engels, R. C. M. E., & van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M. (2008) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826080701202833 · Cited by 26
The contribution of personality to longevity: Findings from the Australian Centenarian Study
Law, J., RICHMOND, R. L., & KAY‐LAMBKIN, F. J. (2014) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2014.06.007 · Cited by 25
Yáñez, A. M., Leiva, A., Estela, A., & Čukić, I. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0174211 · Cited by 24
“A study conducted on an elderly population showed that current smokers had higher levels of neuroticism, and lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness than former smokers, and those who never smoked had lowest levels of neuroticism and highest levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness of all groups [26].”
BackgroundInteractions between risky decisions, impulsiveness and smoking in young tattooed women
Kertzman, S., Kagan, A., Vainder, M., Lapidus, R., & Weizman, A. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-278 · Cited by 27
“Previous studies clearly implicate impulsivity as a precursor for smoking [see [68-71]].”
BackgroundBuczkowski, K., Basińska, M. A., Ratajska, A., Lewandowska, K., Luszkiewicz, D., & Siemińska, A. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14020126 · Cited by 24
“One of the first studies which used FFM to investigate the association between smoking and personality traits was conducted in the USA and showed that current smokers exhibited higher neuroticism and lower agreeableness and conscientiousness scores relative to those observed for never smokers [22].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialIwasa, H., & Yoshida, Y. (2018) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2018.1426256 · Cited by 25
Muthusi, J., Burmen, B., Audi, B., Adega, A., Owuor, K., Arodi, S., Bii, D. K., & Zielinski-Gutiérrez, E. (2015) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2015.1109587 · Cited by 25
“Smokers are likely to engage in other forms of drug-abuse and may have lower levels of conscientiousness (Bonolo et al., 2005; Terracciano & Costa Jr, 2004).”
Halder, P., Chattopadhyay, A., Rathor, S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-024-00661-w · Cited by 24
Schneider, B., Wetterling, T., Georgi, K., Bartusch, B., Schnabel, A., & Blettner, M. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.04.018 · Cited by 24
Personality and metabolic dysfunction in young adulthood: A cross-sectional study
Sutin, A. R., Stéphan, Y., & Terracciano, A. (2016) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105316677294 · Cited by 24
“There is extensive evidence for the role of personality in health-risk behaviors, including smoking (Terracciano and Costa, 2004) and diet and physical activity (Sutin and Terracciano, 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHelgadóttir, B., Hallgren, M. Å., Kullberg, C. L. E., & Forsell, Y. (2017) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.11.011 · Cited by 24
Björnsdóttir, G., Jonsson, F. H., Hansdóttir, I., Almarsdóttir, A. B., Heimisdóttir, M., Tyrfingsson, Þ., Rúnarsdóttir, V. Á., Kristjánsson, K., Stefánsson, H., & Thorgeirsson, T. E. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.10.010 · Cited by 23
“Low conscientiousness and high neuroticism are associated with tobacco smoking (Terracciano & Costa, 2004), alcohol abuse (Martin & Sher, 1994), cannabis use (Fridberg, Vollmer, O’Donnell, & Skosnik, 2011), heroin, and cocaine use (Terracciano et al., 2008), and family history of alcoholism (Martin…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCigarette smoking and personality change across adulthood: Findings from five longitudinal samples
Stéphan, Y., Sutin, A. R., Luchetti, M., Caille, P., & Terracciano, A. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.06.006 · Cited by 23
Self-citationMachiavellianism on quality of life: The role of lifestyle, age, gender, social support
Zhu, X., Wang, F., & Geng, Y. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110609 · Cited by 26
Zvolensky, M. J., Kauffman, B. Y., Garey, L., Viana, A. G., & Matoska, C. T. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104141 · Cited by 27
Kawase, E., Hashimoto, K., Sakamoto, H., Ino, H., Katsuki, N., Iida, Y., Umekage, T., Fukuda, R., & Sasaki, T. (2008) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01781.x · Cited by 23
Cheng, H., & Furnham, A. F. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145552 · Cited by 23
Stanton, M. V., Jonassaint, C. R., Williams, R. B., & James, S. A. (2010) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181cdc00e · Cited by 22
“In contrast, a high N and low C personality style has been associated with health risk behaviors, less effective coping strategies, and mortality (35,44,45).”
BackgroundSnake Bite as a Novel Form of Substance Abuse: Personality Profiles and Cultural Perspectives
Katshu, M. Z. U. H., Dubey, I., Khess, C. R. J., et al. (2011) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2011.540482 · Cited by 22
“The NEO-PI-R profiles of our patients indicating high levels of extraversion (representing high energy and preference for excitement and stimulation), openness (representing openness toward different experiences), and neuroticism (especially high scores on impulsiveness) seem to be consistent with their substance inta…”
ResultNishita, Y., Tange, C., Tomida, M., Otsuka, R., Ando, F., & Shimokata, H. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.10.004 · Cited by 24
“Previous studies suggested that Conscientiousness is positively related to cognitive maintenance in older adults [9,15,22], because Conscientiousness is associated with health behaviors such as non-smoking [55], weight control [56], and healthier diet [57].”
ResultPersonality, health behaviours and physical health in young adulthood
Kim, J. (2021) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2021.1934468 · Cited by 22
“While this study offers support for efforts to integrate individuals’ personality trait information into population-based intervention programs (Terracciano & Costa, 2004), practitioners may wish to consider gender-specific strategies.”
BackgroundCigarette smoking and personality: interrogating causality using Mendelian randomisation
Sallis, H., Smith, G. D., & Munafo, M. R. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718003069 · Cited by 24
“Introduction There is a well-documented association between smoking behaviours and personality traits such as neuroticism and extraversion (Terracciano and Costa, 2004; Malouff et al., 2006; Munafò et al., 2007; Hakulinen et al., 2015), and with associated mental health outcomes such as major…”
BackgroundMechanisms Relating Personality and Health
Wiebe, D. J., & Fortenberry, K. T. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713860.ch6 · Cited by 23
Milad, E., & Bogg, T. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa024 · Cited by 22
“Personality traits are associated with health-related behaviors, including smoking [11], excessive alcohol consumption [12], and inactivity [13], which, in turn, have been shown to be part of coping responses to stressors [2, 14–17].”
BackgroundPersonality traits, forgone health care and high school dropout: Evidence from US adolescents
Migali, G., & Zucchelli, E. (2017) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2017.06.007 · Cited by 22
“While the psychology literature highlights the importance of assessing the effect of personality styles (Terracciano and Costa, 2004; Weiss et al., 2009), so far this has not been tested on school dropout, especially within the economic literature.”
BackgroundNouri, F., Feizi, A., Afshar, H., Keshteli, A. H., & Adibi, P. (2019) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-018-0474-6 · Cited by 22
Personality Typology in Relation to Muscle Strength
Tolea, M., Terracciano, A., Milaneschi, Y., Metter, E., & Ferrucci, L. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-011-9166-5 · Cited by 21
“In contrast, those with high C were less likely to be current smokers regardless of their N level [43].”
Self-citationPersonality Types, Personality Traits, and Risky Health Behavior
Torgersen, S. O., & Vollrath, M. E. (2006) · doi:10.1002/9780470713860.ch10 · Cited by 23
Personality traits and self-control: The moderating role of neuroticism
Nilsen, F., Bang, H., & Røysamb, E. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0307871 · Cited by 26
Weaker Self-Esteem in Adolescence Predicts Smoking
Saari, A. J., Kentala, J., & Mattila, K. J. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/687541 · Cited by 20
“Among adults, personality factors such as neuroticism, poor selfdiscipline, impulsiveness, and low deliberation [7] as well as depressiveness [8] have been associated with smoking initiation and continuation.”
BackgroundCue reactivity in smokers: An event-related potential study
Bloom, E. L., Potts, G. F., Evans, D. E., & Drobes, D. J. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.08.005 · Cited by 22
“…smokers rate themselves as more impulsive, compared to non-smokers, on self-report personality inventories (Dinn et al., 2004; Mitchell, 1999, 2004; Terracciano and Costa, 2004) and are behaviorally more likely to choose smaller, more immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards (Baker et al.,…”
BackgroundJagielski, C. H., Tucker, D. C., Dalton, S. O., Mrug, S., Würtzen, H., & Johansen, C. (2020) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2019.1626524 · Cited by 20
“” That participants with this personality profile appeared to experience greater benefit in terms of depression and distress from the MBSR intervention may be useful information for practitioners seeking to assist patients with this personality makeup as they are also at risk for poor coping(44) and increased risk of…”
BackgroundPersonality predicts smoking frequency: An empirical examination separated by sex
Kang, W. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111843 · Cited by 20
When Too Much Usage is Too Much: Exploring the Process of IT Addiction
Vaghefi, I., & Lapointe, L. (2014) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2014.553 · Cited by 23
Smokers Are Extraverted in Japan: Smoking Habit and The Big Five Personality Traits
Abe, S., Oshio, A., Kawamoto, T., Ito, H., Hirashima, T., Tsubota, Y., & Tani, I. (2019) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244019859956 · Cited by 19
“Terracciano and Costa (2004) found that current smokers scored significantly higher than never smokers on Neuroticism and significantly lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness.”
BackgroundInfluentialCanada, B., Stephan, Y., Jaconelli, A., & Duberstein, P. (2016) · The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu083 · Cited by 17
Littlewood, R. A., Claus, E. D., Wilcox, C. E., Mickey, J., Arenella, P. B., Bryan, A. D., & Hutchison, K. E. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4721-7 · Cited by 19
Paz, G., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Szabó, A. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-019-00109-x · Cited by 21
“An association between an individual’s personality traits and the increased likelihood of risky behavior is consistently reported in the literature (Mcghee et al. 2012; Raynor and Levine 2009; Terracciano and Costa 2004; Terracciano et al. 2008).”
BackgroundBeijers, C., Burger, H., Verbeek, T., Bockting, C., & Ormel, J. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.022 · Cited by 18
Determination of Smoking Habits and Personality Traits Among Nursing Students
Edeer, A. D., & Üstün, B. (2006) · Journal of Nursing Education · doi:10.3928/01484834-20060801-10 · Cited by 18
Studer, J., Baggio, S., Dupuis, M., Mohler‐Kuo, M., Daeppen, J., & Gmel, G. E. (2017) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2016.1264966 · Cited by 21
Metadata
- Authors
- Terracciano, A., & Costa, P. T.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Terracciano, Antonio
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-03-25
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 472-481
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- PMC
- PMC2376761
- OpenAlex
- W2097167091
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 6.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 AG999999)
- National Institute on Aging (ZIAAG000197, ZIAAG000183)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, Big Five personality traits, personality traits, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, former smokers, personality facets, impulsivity, excitement seeking, self-control, deliberation, smoking cessation, smoking prevention, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Attitude to Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Neurotic Disorders, Personality Assessment, Personality Disorders, Risk-Taking, Smoking
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