Personality, Socio-Economic Status and Inflammation: Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Associations between socio-economic status (SES), personality and inflammation were examined to determine whether low SES subjects scoring high on neuroticism or hostility might suffer relatively higher levels of inflammation than affluent subjects. METHODS: In a cross-sectional design, 666 subjects were recruited from areas of high (most deprived - "MD") and low (least deprived - "LD") deprivation. IL-6, ICAM-1, CRP and fibrinogen were measured along with demographic and health-behaviour variables, and personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism (hostility). Regression models assessed the prediction of inflammation as a function of personality, deprivation and their interaction. RESULTS: Levels of CRP and IL-6 were an increasing function of neuroticism and extraversion only in LD subjects opposite trends were seen in MD subjects. The result was ascribed parsimoniously to an inflammatory ceiling effect or, more speculatively, to SES-related health-behaviour differences. Psychoticism was strongly associated with ICAM-1 in both MD and LD subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The association between neuroticism, CRP and IL-6 may be reduced in MD subjects confirming speculation that the association differs across population sub-groups. The association between psychoticism and ICAM-1 supports evidence that hostility has adverse effects upon the endothelium, with consequences for cardiovascular health. Health interventions may be more effective by accounting for personality-related effects upon biological processes.
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A recent study found that dispositional characteristics including perceived control and self-esteem were more strongly associated with lower IL-6, but not CRP, in lower SES men.
“There is some evidence for a similar pattern in relation to inflammation, as a recent study found that dispositional characteristics including perceived control and self-esteem were more strongly associated with lower IL-6, but not CRP, in lower SES men (37).”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [37]
Other studies have reported smaller socioeconomic gradients in IL-6 and mortality at higher levels of psychological resources including perceived control.
“Other studies have reported smaller socioeconomic gradients in IL-6 and mortality at higher levels of psychological resources including perceived control (33,37).”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Millar, K., Lloyd, S. M., McLean, J. S., Batty, G. D., Burns, H., Cavanagh, J., Deans, K. A., Ford, I., McConnachie, A., McGinty, A., Mõttus, R., Packard, C. J., Sattar, N., Shiels, P. G., Velupillai, Y. N., & Tannahill, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Glasgow Centre for Population Health (GB)
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (GB)
- Scottish Government (GB)
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (GB)
- Western Infirmary (GB)
- University of Limerick (IE)
- Corresponding author
- McLean, Jennifer S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-03-13
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e58256
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3596406
- OpenAlex
- W1982481186
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 6.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
- University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick)
- Funders
- Scottish Government
- Glasgow Centre for Population Health
- University of Glasgow
- Medical Research Council (MR/K026992/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- socioeconomic status, personality, neuroticism, hostility, psychoticism, extraversion, inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, ICAM-1, fibrinogen, neighborhood disadvantage, health behavior, cardiovascular health, endothelium
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Population Surveillance, Social Class, Biomarkers, Health Behavior, Inflammation Mediators, Quantitative Trait, Heritable
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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