The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 84 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 43 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Smoking and the Five‐Factor Model of personality
Open accessAbstract
Aims Investigating the association between personality traits and smoking status using a comprehensive model of personality, the Five‐Factor Model (FFM). Design Cross‐sectional survey. Setting Baltimore, MD, USA. Participants Adult elderly Americans (n = 1638). Measurements A self‐administered survey on cigarette smoking and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R). Findings Current smokers scored higher than never smokers on neuroticism and lower on agreeableness and conscientiousness; former smokers scored intermediate on these higher‐order dimensions. Neuroticism was related to smoking particularly among individuals with low conscientiousness, as indicated by an interaction effect between the two factors. There were no differences on extraversion and openness to experience. At the lower‐order facet level, smokers were characterized by inability to resist cravings (high impulsiveness), search for stimulation (high excitement‐seeking), lack of perseverance (low self‐discipline) and lack of careful consideration of the consequences of their actions (low deliberation). Conclusions At the higher‐order factor level, this study replicates and extends previous studies using a comprehensive model of personality (FFM). The greater specificity provided by the facet‐level analysis appears to explain some of the conflicting results in the literature, and the use of an older sample provides insight especially into the former smokers group. Personality research may lead to a deeper understanding of cigarette smoking and can potentially contribute to policies and programs of smoking prevention and cessation.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In a cross-sectional survey of 1,638 adult-elderly Americans, current smokers scored higher on Neuroticism and lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness than never-smokers, with former-smokers intermediate on these factors. Facet-level and interaction analyses showed that smoking was especially associated with high Impulsiveness, high Excitement-seeking, low Self-Discipline, low Deliberation, and a Neuroticism × Conscientiousness interaction.
Key findings
- Current-smokers differed significantly from never-smokers on Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, but not on Extraversion or Openness; former-smokers were intermediate, with significant differences from both groups on Neuroticism and Conscientiousness.
- The largest higher-order effect was for Conscientiousness (η² = .035), followed by Neuroticism (η² = .021) and Agreeableness (η² = .011); the Conscientiousness difference between current- and never-smokers was larger than 0.5 SD, d = .6.
- At the facet level, current-smokers scored higher on Neuroticism facets, especially Impulsiveness, and higher on Excitement-seeking; they scored lower on Conscientiousness facets, especially Self-Discipline and Deliberation, and lower on Agreeableness facets including Straightforwardness, Altruism, and Compliance.
- A Neuroticism × Conscientiousness interaction contributed significantly to discrimination among smoking groups (Λ = .946, F(8, 3264) = 11.59, p < .001, η² = .054); the low-Conscientiousness/high-Neuroticism “under-controlled” group was about two times more likely to be current smokers than the low-Conscientiousness/low-Neuroticism “relaxed” group and three times more likely than high-Conscientiousness groups.
Methods
- Cross-sectional survey of Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging participants (N = 1,638; age 20–96, M = 60.3, SD = 18), divided into never-smokers (n = 828), former-smokers (n = 694), and current-smokers (n = 116).
- Smoking was assessed by self-administered survey; personality was assessed with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), a 240-item self-report measure yielding five factors and 30 facets, standardized as T-scores (M = 50, SD = 10).
- Main analyses used ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for 35 comparisons, ANCOVA controlling for age and education, sex-standardized T-scores, a sex- and age-matched design control, and hierarchical discriminant analysis entering the five factors followed by their two-way interactions.
Limitations
- The paper states that the BLSA is not a probability sample, participation is voluntary, and participants are mostly highly educated, high socioeconomic status, and relatively healthy; it also notes that historical and cross-cultural differences may shape smoking–personality associations and that continuous monitoring is needed.
- The cross-sectional design cannot establish whether personality differences precede or follow smoking; the paper itself discusses that high Neuroticism could be a cause as well as an effect of smoking.
- The current-smoker group was small (n = 116, 7.1% of the sample), and the sample was adult-elderly, which the authors note is less frequently studied and includes a large proportion of former smokers.
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Claims the paper makes
34 Own result · 28 Not checked yet · 16 Own interpretation · 9 Own method · 2 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no differences on Extraversion and Openness to Experience.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“there were significant differences among groups on Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, but no significant differences on Extraversion or Openness factors.”
plainn = 1,638- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“current-smokers compared to non-smokers scored significantly higher on Neuroticism and significantly lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, with the difference in Conscientiousness larger than 0.5 SD, d = .6.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“Current-smokers scored higher than never-smokers on Neuroticism and lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness; former-smokers scored intermediate on these higher-order dimensions.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Former-smokers also scored significantly lower than never-smokers in Agreeableness.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“former-smokers scored intermediate on these higher-order dimensions.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Former-smokers showed intermediate scores on the above factors”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Current-smokers scored higher than never-smokers on Neuroticism and lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness; former-smokers scored intermediate on these higher-order dimensions.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“current-smokers compared to non-smokers scored significantly higher on Neuroticism and significantly lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness”
plaincorrelationaln = 1,638- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with the exception of Self-Consciousness, all facets of Neuroticism showed significant differences among smoking status groups.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Current-smokers scored higher than never-smokers on Neuroticism and lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness; former-smokers scored intermediate on these higher-order dimensions.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“current-smokers compared to non-smokers scored significantly higher on Neuroticism and significantly lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness”
plaincorrelationaln = 1,638- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neuroticism was related to smoking particularly among individuals with low Conscientiousness, as indicated by an interaction effect between the two factors.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Of all possible interaction terms, only Neuroticism × Conscientiousness contributed significantly to the discriminant function”
plaincorrelationaln = 1,638- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three of the five factors, Conscientiousness (Λ = .970, F(2, 1635) = 25.62, p < .001), Agreeableness (Λ = .958, F(4, 3268) = 17.67, p < .001), and Neuroticism (Λ = .950, F(6, 3266) = 14.02, p < .001) were found to contribute significantly to the discriminant function.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of all possible interaction terms, only Neuroticism × Conscientiousness contributed significantly to the discriminant function (Λ = .946, F(8, 3264) = 11.59, p < .001, η2 = 1 − Λ = .054).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 21
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 17
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Former-smokers showed intermediate scores on the above factors, with significant differences from the other groups on Neuroticism and Conscientiousness.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Current-smokers scored higher than the other groups on all facets of Neuroticism, with the largest differences in Impulsiveness.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additional analyses indicated that individuals who smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime scored intermediate between never and former smokers on Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, but they were not significantly different from never smokers.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among the facets of Extraversion, there were significant differences only on Excitement Seeking, with current-smokers scoring higher then never-smokers.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In particular, there were significant differences on Neuroticism (p = .001), Agreeableness (p = .001), and Conscientiousness (p < .001), but not on Extraversion and Openness (p > .05).”
plainn = 116- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were significant differences among groups on all facets of Conscientiousness, with smokers scoring clearly lower than non-smokers.”
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Former-smokers showed intermediate scores on these factors”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with the largest differences in Impulsiveness.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“US smokers today are likely to be different from the US smokers of a few decades ago, or current smokers in non-Western countries.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Despite some inconsistency he concluded that smokers differed most reliably on Psychoticism (especially impulsivity, antisocial behavior, sensation seeking, and aggression) and Neuroticism.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gilbert 1995
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The BLSA is not a probability sample; participation is on a voluntary basis.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“a growing consensus has supported the Five-Factor Model (FFM, see Digman 1990, Goldberg 1990, John 1990, McCrae & John 1992, McCrae 2001a, but see Block 1995) as a comprehensive yet manageable taxonomy of traits.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Digman 1990
- Not checked yetcites Goldberg 1990
- Not checked yetcites John 1990
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the higher-order factor level, this study replicates and extends previous studies using a comprehensive model of personality (FFM).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Personality traits increase the risk for cigarette smoking.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another possible reason for inconsistency across studies is the broad and heterogeneous nature of the dimensions studied.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that Neuroticism and Conscientiousness may play a role in both smoking initiation and maintenance/cessation.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the major analysis reported in Table 1, Bonferroni correction was performed to evaluate the statistical significance of mean differences among the three groups.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“A remarkable 24-year follow-up study (Kubicka et al. 2001) showed that low Conscientiousness in children, but not Neuroticism or Extraversion, was a predictor of smoking in adulthood.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kubicka et al. 2001
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Cultural factors and public policy influence greatly the prevalence of smoking in the population and in turn the characteristics of smokers (Hughes et al. 1997).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hughes et al. 1997
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Personality traits are enduring dispositions (McCrae & Costa 2003) and major determinants of behavior (Paunonen 2003).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McCrae & Costa 2003
- Not checked yetcites Paunonen 2003
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“NEO-PI-R scales have shown longitudinal stability, cross-observer agreement, and convergent and discriminant validity in a large body of studies (Costa & McCrae 1992).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Costa & McCrae 1992
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the use of an older sample provides insight especially into the former smokers group.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Those traits have been shown to be heritable (e.g. Jang et al. 1998) and generalizable across-cultures (McCrae & Costa 1997, Paunonen et al. 2000, McCrae 2001b, see also Triandis & Suh 2002).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jang et al. 1998
- Not checked yetcites McCrae & Costa 1997
- Not checked yetcites Paunonen et al. 2000
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The assumption of homogeneity of variance for the ANOVA was tested using the Levene statistic. No large violations were found and robust statistics produced consistent results.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The inconsistency in the literature may derive also from comparisons of studies that have used different instruments, different methods of classification of smoking status, or different populations sampled.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Efficacy is evidenced by cessation rates of 22-26% in a general population.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Velicer and Prochaska (1999)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Vollrath and Torgersen (2002) reported that the Impulsive and Insecure personality types, which are both characterized by low Conscientiousness and high Neuroticism, are more likely to be current-smokers.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vollrath and Torgersen (2002)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Indeed, the association of smoking with Extraversion was found in the US population before 1970–1980 (Smith 1970), but not in the last two decades, whereas the association is still found in countries with a high prevalence of smokers, such as Japan (Arai et al. 1997).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smith 1970
- Not checked yetcites Arai et al. 1997
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“As argued by Hughes et al. (1997), the prevalence of smoking is constantly changing, with different trends in different times and cultures.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hughes et al. (1997)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Individuals with low scores on Agreeableness are antagonistic, hostile, and intolerant; they have lower needs for social approval and thus are more likely to start and continue smoking in spite of the deleterious effect of smoking upon other people”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some studies suggest that rebelliousness, a trait closely related to low Agreeableness, contributes to the etiology of cigarette smoking (Stewart & Livson 1966).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stewart & Livson 1966
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the findings are likely to generalize to the US adult population today, historical and cross-cultural differences may shape the association of smoking status with personality traits.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the findings are likely to generalize to the US adult population today, historical and cross-cultural differences may shape the association of smoking status with personality traits.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Analyses on the present sample are highly consistent with their findings and are somewhat consistent with the Parkes’ (1984) findings of an interaction between Neuroticism and Psychoticism but not with the finding of interaction between Neuroticism and Extraversion.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vollrath and Torgersen (2002)
- Not checked yetcites Parkes’ (1984)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Personality traits increase the risk for cigarette smoking.
“it is important to identify individual difference variables particularly personality traits that increase the risk for cigarette smoking.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The four impulsivity-related facets play a role in smoking initiation, maintenance, or cessation.
“These facets likely play a role in smoking initiation, maintenance, or cessation, and only analyses at the facet level offer the opportunity to assess their importance.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Five-Factor Model is a reasonably comprehensive taxonomy of personality traits.
“There has been great progress in trait psychology in the past 20 years, with a general consensus on the FFM as a reasonably comprehensive taxonomy of personality traits.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Conscientiousness has rarely been considered in previous studies.
“the personality dimension of Conscientiousness, which showed the largest association to smoking behavior in this study, has rarely been considered in previous studies.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Smokers are not a homogeneous group.
“However, evidence that smokers are not a homogeneous group suggests that a diversity of treatment modalities is necessary.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“With respect to health behaviors, elevated has been linked to weight gain and obesity [84, 109] and smoking [110], general etiologic factors in foreshortened longevity.”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [110]
In the citing paper
“Given that conscientiousness has been positively associated with habitual physical activity [83] and negatively associated with body mass index [84] and current tobacco use [85], it could be argued that personality characteristics are an integral part of explaining the variance in chronotype and positive health behaviors.”
From Smoking, screen-based sedentary behavior, and diet associated with habitual sleep duration and chronotype: data from the UK Biobank (2016) · cites this paper as [85]
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Consistentχ²(2) = 31reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“χ2(2) = 31, p < .001”
- ConsistentF(2, 1634) = 36.7reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(2, 1634) = 36.7, p < .001”
- ConsistentF(2, 1582) = 6.9reported p = .001 · recomputed p = .001
“F(2, 1582) = 6.9, p = .001”
- ConsistentF(2, 1635) = 25.62reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(2, 1635) = 25.62, p < .001”
- ConsistentF(4, 3268) = 17.67reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(4, 3268) = 17.67, p < .001”
- ConsistentF(6, 3266) = 14.02reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(6, 3266) = 14.02, p < .001”
- ConsistentF(8, 3264) = 11.59reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(8, 3264) = 11.59, p < .001”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Results
“The η2 values are between small and medium effect size (Cohen 1988), which are consistent with previous studies.”
§ Conclusions
“O6: Values 49.85 a (10.8) 50.59 a (9.5) 53.57 b (10.3) 6.93 * .008”
Citations
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“The high score on neuroticism is also consistent with the view that some individuals use © 2004 Society for the Study of Addiction Addiction, 99, 472–481 478 Antonio Terracciano & Paul T. Costa, Jr cigarette smoking as self-medication (Khantzian 1997).”
Result
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Costa P. T., 1992, Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) and NEO Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) Professional Manual.
- Costa P. T., 2000, NEO PI‐R Interpretive Report: NEO Software System.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being
Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1011492107 · Cited by 3,162
“A propensity to smoke is in part genetically determined (18) and is a known indicator of a tense personality (19, 20).”
BackgroundKotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0020327 · Cited by 2,677
Public health significance of neuroticism
Lahey, B. B. (2009) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0015309 · Cited by 1,901
“Persons high in neuroticism are markedly more likely to smoke (Breslau, Novak, & Kessler, 2004; Malouff et al., 2006; Morissette, Tull, Gulliver, Kamholz, & Zimering, 2007; Terracciano & Costa, 2004) and to become dependent on alcohol and other drugs (Larkins & Sher, 2006).”
BackgroundPersonality Traits and Personal Values: A Meta-Analysis
Parks-Leduc, L., Feldman, G., & Bardi, A. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868314538548 · Cited by 622
“…2004; Poropat, 2009), organizational psychology (e.g., Berson, Oreg, & Dvir, 2007; Lim & Ployhart, 2004), health psychology (e.g., Bergin, 1991; Terracciano & Costa, 2004), political psychology (e.g., Saucier, 2000; Schwartz, Caprara, & Vecchione, 2010), environmental psychology (e.g., Grunert…”
Personality, Well-Being, and Health*
Friedman, H. S., & Kern, M. L. (2014) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115123 · Cited by 530
Terracciano, A., McCrae, R., Brant, L., & Costa, P. (2005) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.493 · Cited by 529
Self-citationIntelligence and Personality as Predictors of Illness and Death
Deary, I. J., Weiß, A., & Batty, G. D. (2010) · Gothic.net · doi:10.1177/1529100610387081 · Cited by 461
Five-Factor Model personality profiles of drug users
Terracciano, A., Löckenhoff, C. E., Crum, R. M., Bienvenu, O. J., & Costa, P. T. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-22 · Cited by 424
“Compared to never users, current marijuana users scored higher on Openness and lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness (see Table 3).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationPersonality and obesity across the adult life span.
Sutin, A. R., Ferrucci, L., Zonderman, A. B., & Terracciano, A. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024286 · Cited by 441
Self-citationAnxiety, anxiety disorders, tobacco use, and nicotine: A critical review of interrelationships.
Morissette, S. B., Tull, M. T., Gulliver, S. B., Kamholz, B. W., & Zimering, R. T. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.245 · Cited by 380
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personality
de Moor, M. H. M., Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., Krueger, R. F., de Geus, E. J. C., Toshiko, T., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Esko, T., Madden, P. A. F., Derringer, J. L., et al. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2010.128 · Cited by 389
Self-citationWang, C.-W., Ho, R. T. H., Chan, C. L. W., & Tse, S. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.039 · Cited by 314
“Evidence indicates that some personality traits are correlated with substance use (Terracciano & Costa, 2004), gambling (Miller et al., 2013), antisocial behaviors and violence (Yu, Geddes, & Fazel, 2012).”
BackgroundPersonality and smoking: individual‐participant meta‐analysis of nine cohort studies
Hakulinen, C. A., Hintsanen, M., Munafo, M. R., Virtanen, M., Mika Kivimaki, B., Batty, G. D., & Jokela, M. M. (2015) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13079 · Cited by 285
“Previous research has also reported differences in personality characteristics—which refers to individual differences in feelings, thoughts and actions [7]—between smokers and non-smokers [8,9].”
ResultChapman, B. P., Roberts, B., & Duberstein, P. (2011) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.4061/2011/759170 · Cited by 283
Psychological and behavioural responses to Coronavirus disease 2019: The role of personality
Aschwanden, D., Strickhouser, J. E., Sesker, A. A., Lee, J. H., Luchetti, M., Stéphan, Y., Sutin, A. R., & Terracciano, A. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2281 · Cited by 260
“(2020) DOI: 10.1002/per combination when it comes to the adoption of health behaviours, as reported in previous research (Terracciano & Costa, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationPersonality and cognitive decline in older adults: data from a longitudinal sample and meta-analysis
Luchetti, M., Terracciano, A., Stephan, Y., & Sutin, A. R. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu184 · Cited by 242
“Conscientious individuals tend to engage in fewer healthrisk behaviors, such as smoking and sedentary behaviors (Rhodes & Smith, 2006; Terracciano & Costa, 2004), have better health profiles, such as healthier weight and”
BackgroundSelf-citationPersonality Predictors of Longevity: Activity, Emotional Stability, and Conscientiousness
Terracciano, A., Löckenhoff, C. E., Zonderman, A. B., Ferrucci, L., & Costa, P. T. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31817b9371 · Cited by 242
“They are less likely to smoke or abuse drugs (5) and more likely to exercise and control weight (8,52), which have large impact on mortality risk (10).”
Self-citationThe Five-Factor Model of Personality and Smoking: A Meta-Analysis
Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E., & Schutte, N. S. (2006) · Journal of Drug Education · doi:10.2190/9ep8-17p8-ekg7-66ad · Cited by 236
Venkatesh, V., Sykes, T. A., & Venkatraman, S. (2013) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12008 · Cited by 244
Personality and physiological reactions to acute psychological stress
Bibbey, A., Carroll, D., Roseboom, T. J., Phillips, A. C., & de Rooij, S. R. (2012) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.10.018 · Cited by 234
Turiano, N. A., Whiteman, S. D., Hampson, S. E., Roberts, B. W., & Mroczek, D. K. (2012) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.02.009 · Cited by 209
“Nevertheless, our results are consistent with several recent studies that discovered interactions among personality traits in predicting substance use (Terracciano & Costa, 2004; Vollrath & Torgersen, 2002) as well as health outcomes (Friedman, Kern, & Reynolds, 2010).”
BackgroundResultTuriano, N. A., Mroczek, D. K., Moynihan, J., & Chapman, B. P. (2013) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.10.020 · Cited by 206
“…, evidence suggests individuals scoring higher in Neuroticism are more likely to drink and smoke, but when these individuals are also high in Conscientiousness they are more likely to refrain from such behaviors (Terracciano and Costa, 2004; Turiano et al., 2012; Vollrath and Torgersen, 2002).”
BackgroundResultPredicting domain‐specific risk taking with the HEXACO personality structure
Weller, J. A., & Tikir, A. (2010) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.677 · Cited by 220
“…Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, (2010) DOI: 10.1002/bdm conscientiousness has been found to be associated with a host of risky health/safety behaviors, including risky sexual behavior (Trobst et al., 2000), smoking (Terracciano & Costa, 2004), and substance abuse (Terracciano et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialFacets of Personality Linked to Underweight and Overweight
Terracciano, A., Sutin, A. R., McCrae, R. R., Deiana, B., Ferrucci, L., Schlessinger, D., Uda, M., & Costa, P. T. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181a2925b · Cited by 213
Self-citationMüller, K. W., Beutel, M. E., Egloff, B., & Wölfling, K. (2013) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000355832 · Cited by 221
The associations between personality, diet and body mass index in older people.
Mõttus, R., McNeill, G., Jia, X., Craig, L. C. A., Starr, J. M., & Deary, I. J. (2013) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025537 · Cited by 171
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“Substance use disorders, especially smoking (Terracciano and Costa, 2004), alcohol (Malouff et al, 2007), marijuana (Terracciano et al, 2008), and polysubstance abuse (McCormick et al, 1998) have also been associated with a high neuroticism/low agreeableness phenotype.”
BackgroundAxelsson, M., Brink, E., Lundgren, J., & Lötvall, J. O. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018241 · Cited by 188
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Five-factor model personality traits and inflammatory markers: New data and a meta-analysis
Luchetti, M., Barkley, J. M., Stephan, Y., Terracciano, A., & Sutin, A. R. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.08.014 · Cited by 162
Self-citationPersonality traits and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia
Terracciano, A., Stéphan, Y., Luchetti, M., Albanese, E., & Sutin, A. R. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.01.011 · Cited by 153
“…lifestyle, cigarette smoking, and other behavioral, cardiovascular, and metabolic risk factors for dementia that could mediate the association between personality and dementia (Friedman, 2000; Hampson, 2012; Jokela et al., 2014; Sutin et al., 2011; Sutin et al., 2016; Terracciano and Costa, 2004).”
Self-citationDuberstein, P. R., Chapman, B. P., Tindle, H. A., Sink, K. M., Bamonti, P., Robbins, J., Jerant, A. F., & Franks, P. (2011) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0021377 · Cited by 146
Patterson, F., Malone, S. K., Lozano, A., Grandner, M. A., & Hanlon, A. L. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9797-5 · Cited by 144
“Given that conscientiousness has been positively associated with habitual physical activity [83] and negatively associated with body mass index [84] and current tobacco use [85], it could be argued that personality characteristics are an integral part of explaining the variance in chronotype and positive health behavi…”
BackgroundLiao, Z., Huang, Q., Huang, S., Tan, L., Shao, T., Fang, T., Chen, X., Lin, S., Qi, J., Cai, Y., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598585 · Cited by 142
“Smokers scored higher on neuroticism and lower on conscientiousness and agreeableness than non-smokers (19).”
BackgroundMolecular Genetics of Addiction and Related Heritable Phenotypes
Uhl, G. R., Drgon, T., Johnson, C., Li, C., Contoreggi, C. S., Hess, J., Naiman, D. Q., & Liu, Q. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1441.018 · Cited by 141
Self‐Regulation and the Five‐Factor Model of Personality Traits
McCrae, R. R., & Löckenhoff, C. E. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444318111.ch7 · Cited by 147
Personality and location-based social networks
Chorley, M. J., Whitaker, R. M., & Allen, S. M. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.038 · Cited by 124
“Location-based variables (number of distinct venues visited, diversity of checkins, diversity of venues visited, number of sociable venues visited, average popularity of venues visited) reflect the characteristics of a place, venue categorisation or spatial distance.”
BackgroundPersonality traits and eating habits in a large sample of Estonians.
Mõttus, R., Realo, A., Allïk, J., Deary, I. J., Esko, T., & Metspalu, A. (2012) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027041 · Cited by 133
Lawrence, D., Mitrou, F., & Zubrick, S. R. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-256 · Cited by 122
“It has also been suggested that the strong association between anxiety, depression and smoking could be conceptualised in terms of neuroticism - the general personality trait that encompasses long-term and persistent susceptibility to anxiety and depressive symptoms [62,63].”
BackgroundA Five–Factor Theory Perspective on Causal Analysis
McCrae, R. R., & Sutin, A. R. (2018) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2134 · Cited by 139
“Similarly, investigative vocational interests might be a proximal cause of career choices, and Openness the distal cause (Costa, McCrae, & Holland, 1984); a nicotine addiction the proximal cause of smoking behaviour, and Neuroticism a distal cause (Terracciano & Costa, 2004).”
Identification of the healthy neurotic: Personality traits predict smoking after disease onset
Weston, S. J., & Jackson, J. J. (2014) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2014.04.008 · Cited by 124
“This study replicates previous findings that healthy neurotics smoke less (Terracciano & Costa, 2004; Vollrath & Torgersen, 2002).”
BackgroundResultKale, D., Stautz, K., & Cooper, A. J. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.003 · Cited by 122
“…46 S 138 NS 33 0 92 Community CS BIS/BASFS BIS/BAS SS RS ST 0.32 0.0005 Tapper et al (2015) 46 S 0 Community CS BIS/BASFS BIS/BAS SS RD ND 0.16 0.30 Terracciano & Costa (2004) 116 S 1638 NS 60.3 50 Community CS NEO-PI-R NU ST 0.12 Terracciano et al (2008) 318 S 770 NS 56.6 4 38 63 Community CS…”
InfluentialPersonality and resilience to Alzheimer's disease neuropathology: a prospective autopsy study
Terracciano, A., Iacono, D., O’Brien, R. J., Troncoso, J. C., An, Y., Sutin, A. R., Ferrucci, L., Zonderman, A. B., & Resnick, S. M. (2013) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.08.008 · Cited by 113
“…with body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kg/height [m2])(Sutin et al., 2011; Magee and Heaven, 2011) and cigarette smoking (ever smoked) (Terracciano and Costa, 2004), which are risk factors for dementia (Daviglus et al., 2010; Barnes and Yaffe, 2011), we examined BMI and ever smoking…”
Self-citationWeller, J. A., Levin, I. P., & Bechara, A. (2009) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803390902881926 · Cited by 124
Rettenberger, M., Klein, V., & Briken, P. (2016) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0399-7 · Cited by 111
Lifelong Pathways to Longevity: Personality, Relationships, Flourishing, and Health
Kern, M. L., Porta, S. S. D., & Friedman, H. S. (2013) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12062 · Cited by 114
Emotionally Stable, Intelligent Men Live Longer: The Vietnam Experience Study Cohort
Weiß, A., Galé, C. R., Batty, G. D., & Deary, I. J. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318198de78 · Cited by 109
Cholesterol, triglycerides, and the Five-Factor Model of personality
Sutin, A. R., Terracciano, A., Deiana, B., Uda, M., Schlessinger, D., Lakatta, E. G., & Costa Jr., P. T. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.012 · Cited by 109
“Such individuals, for example, are more likely to smoke (Terracciano & Costa, 2004), abuse drugs (Terracciano, Löckenhoff, Crum, Bienvenu, & Costa, 2008), and binge eat and drink (Benjamin & Wulfert, 2005).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFive-Factor Model personality traits, materialism, and excessive buying: A mediational analysis
López, X. M. O., & Villardefrancos, E. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.013 · Cited by 109
Overlapping Neural Endophenotypes in Addiction and Obesity
Michaud, A., Vainik, U., García‐García, I., & Dagher, A. (2017) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00127 · Cited by 105
McClernon, F. J., Hiott, F. B., Westman, E. C., Rose, J. E., & Levin, E. D. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0516-y · Cited by 106
“Smokers are higher in trait negative affect than their nonsmoking counterparts ( Terracciano and Costa 2004 ), and a disproportionately large number of individuals with lifetime depression smoke (Lasser et al. 2000).”
Five-factor model personality traits in opioid dependence
Kornør, H., & Nordvik, H. (2007) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-7-37 · Cited by 105
“Further, while high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness are consistent elements in substance use disorder personality profiles across studies [23,25-29], there are examples of studies where low Agreeableness failed to emerge [24,26,28], indicating a weaker association.”
Personality and metabolic syndrome
Sutin, A. R., Costa, P. T., Uda, M., Ferrucci, L., Schlessinger, D., & Terracciano, A. (2010) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-010-9153-9 · Cited by 102
“For example, they tend to weigh more (Terracciano et al. 2009), smoke ( Terracciano and Costa 2004 ), exercise less (Courneya and Hellsten 1998 ), and engage in binge eating or drinking (Benjamin and Wulfert 2005).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe comorbidity of tobacco smoking and gambling: A review of the literature
McGrath, D. S., & Barrett, S. P. (2009) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00097.x · Cited by 108
Cigarette Smoking and Onset of Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Mojtabai, R., & Crum, R. M. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.300911 · Cited by 104
Big five personality factors and cigarette smoking: A 10-year study among US adults
Zvolensky, M. J., Taha, F., Bono, A. D., & Goodwin, R. D. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.008 · Cited by 102
Personality, Metabolic Rate and Aerobic Capacity
Terracciano, A., Schrack, J. A., Sutin, A. R., Chan, W., Simonsick, E. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054746 · Cited by 105
Self-citationIronson, G. H., O’Cleirigh, C. M., Weiß, A., Schneiderman, N., & Costa, P. T. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31816422fc · Cited by 93
“We also examined circumplex combinations (profiles) of the five factors (taken two at a time), which hold the potential to reveal associations that would not be seen when considering the domains separately and have been associated with health behaviors above and beyond their component domains (28).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLow Life Course Socioeconomic Status (SES) is Associated with Negative NEO PI-R Personality Patterns
Jonassaint, C. R., Siegler, I. C., Barefoot, J. C., Edwards, C. L., & Williams, R. B. (2009) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-009-9069-x · Cited by 101
“Health behaviors such as smoking have been associated with higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness and agreeableness [29].”
Impulsivity and cigarette craving: differences across subtypes
Doran, N., Cook, J. W., McChargue, D. E., & Spring, B. J. (2009) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1661-x · Cited by 96
“Disinhibition”
Estimating the Effect of Smoking Cessation on Weight Gain: An Instrumental Variable Approach
Eisenberg, D., & Quinn, B. C. (2006) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00594.x · Cited by 89
“Third, quitters are less impulsive on average (Wurtman 1993; Cinciripini et al. 2003; Terracciano and Costa 2004).”
BackgroundWeiß, A., Sutin, A. R., Duberstein, P. R., Friedman, B., Bagby, R. M., & Costa, P. T. (2009) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31819d859d · Cited by 92
“(40) More broadly, personality styles derived from the FFM are associated with other important health outcomes, such as smoking(37) and HIV disease progression(41) and thus may also contribute to the development of depression.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMechanisms Underlying the Comorbidity of Tobacco Use in Mental Health and Addictive Disorders
Morisano, D., Bacher, I., Audrain-McGovern, J. E., & George, T. P. (2009) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370905400603 · Cited by 95
Avi Besser, A., & Shackelford, T. K. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.011 · Cited by 86
“The same interaction is important for many health risk behaviors, such as smoking (see Terracciano & Costa, 2004 ).”
BackgroundLöckenhoff, C. E., Sutin, A. R., Ferrucci, L., & Costa, P. T. (2008) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.05.006 · Cited by 85
“These characteristics may jeopardize objective health by suppressing immune responses (e.g., Phillips, Carroll, Burns, & Drayson, 2005) and promoting risky behaviors (e.g., Booth-Kewley & Vickers, 1994; Terracciano & Costa, 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationImpulsivity is Associated with Uric Acid: Evidence from Humans and Mice
Sutin, A. R., Cutler, R. G., Camandola, S., Uda, M., Feldman, N. H., Cucca, F., Zonderman, A. B., Mattson, M. P., Ferrucci, L., Schlessinger, D., et al. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.024 · Cited by 88
“First, because smoking and body mass index (BMI) are associated with both impulsivity-related traits (20,21) and uric acid (22,23), we tested whether smoking and BMI contributed to the relation between impulsivity and uric acid.”
BackgroundSelf-citationPersonality traits and illicit substances: The moderating role of poverty
Sutin, A. R., Evans, M. K., & Zonderman, A. B. (2012) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.020 · Cited by 84
Associations between personality traits, physical activity level, and muscle strength
Tolea, M. I., Terracciano, A., Simonsick, E. M., Metter, E. J., Costa, P. T., & Ferrucci, L. (2012) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.02.002 · Cited by 85
Self-citationDo personality characteristics predict longevity? Findings from the Tokyo Centenarian Study
Masui, Y., Gondo, Y., Inagaki, H., & Hirose, N. (2006) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-006-9024-6 · Cited by 85
Costa, P. T., Weiss, A., Duberstein, P. R., Friedman, B., & Siegler, I. C. (2014) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000070 · Cited by 83
Self-citationSkeel, R. L., Neudecker, J., Pilarski, C. R., & Pytlak, K. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.025 · Cited by 82
The Place of the FFM in Personality Psychology
McCrae, R. R. (2010) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478401003648773 · Cited by 84
“Age and gender affect trait levels ( McCrae et al, 2005 ); personality traits affect health habits and ultimately longevity ( Terracciano & Costa, 2004 ; Weiss & Costa, 2005 ); wealth affects the attribution of personality traits ( Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002 ).”
BackgroundCaracterísticas psicológicas associadas ao comportamento de fumar tabaco
Rondina, R. D. C., Gorayeb, R., & Botelho, C. F. (2007) · Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia · doi:10.1590/s1806-37132007000500016 · Cited by 97
Personality traits and health‐risk behaviours in university students
Hong, R., & Paunonen, S. (2009) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.736 · Cited by 73
Personality traits associated with caffeine intake and smoking
Gurpegui, M., Jurado, D., Luna, J. D. D., Fernández-Molina, C., Abril, O. M., & Gálvez, R. (2007) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.02.006 · Cited by 80
“…drugs have been extensively documented (Eysenck et al., 1960; Zuckerman et al., 1990; Cloninger et al., 1995; Mitchell, 1999; Carton et al., 2000; Sher et al., 2000; Etter et al., 2003; Le Bon et al., 2004; Pomerleau et al., 2004; Terracciano and Costa, 2004; Laucht et al., 2005; Hu et al., 2006).”
BackgroundPsychosocial differences between smokers and non-smokers during pregnancy
Maxson, P. J., Edwards, S. E., Ingram, A., & Miranda, M. L. (2011) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.08.011 · Cited by 76
Personality Traits, Emotional Intelligence, and Multiple Happiness
Furnham, A. F., & Christoforou, I. C. (2007) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 74
Association between personality and adolescent smoking
Harakeh, Z., Scholte, R. H. J., de Vries, H., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2005) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.05.003 · Cited by 75
Bacher, I. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.82 · Cited by 72
Egervári, G., Ciccocioppo, R., Jentsch, J. D., & Hurd, Y. L. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.019 · Cited by 78
Burns, J. A., Kroll, D. S., Feldman, D. E., Liu, C. K., Manza, P., Wiers, C. E., Volkow, N. D., & Wang, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00626 · Cited by 75
Interplay of genetic risk factors and parent monitoring in risk for nicotine dependence
Chen, L., Johnson, E. O., Breslau, N., Hatsukami, D., Saccone, N. L., Grucza, R. A., Wang, J. C. C., Hinrichs, A. L., Fox, L. W., Goate, A., et al. (2009) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02697.x · Cited by 72
Rose, R. J., Broms, U., Korhonen, T., Dick, D. M., & Kaprio, J. A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76727-7_28 · Cited by 68
Personality, psychiatric disorders, and smoking in middle-aged adults
Kahler, C. W., Daughters, S. B., Leventhal, A. M., Rogers, M. L., Clark, M. A., Colby, S. M., Boergers, J., Ramsey, S. E., Abrams, D. B., Niaura, R., et al. (2009) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp073 · Cited by 66
A holistic approach to healthy ageing: how can people live longer, healthier lives?
Calder, P. C., Carding, S. R., Christopher, G., Kuh, D. J., Langley‐Evans, S. C., & McNulty, H. (2018) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.12566 · Cited by 72
Impulsiveness and Cigarette Smoking
Flory, J. D., & Manuck, S. B. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181988c2d · Cited by 66
“A large body of research has examined the association of cigarette use with individual differences in the major dimensions of personality, including cross-sectional surveys that evaluate group differences between smokers and nonsmokers and/or ex-smokers on widely-used trait measures of broad dimensions of personality…”
BackgroundThe influence of personality traits on occupant behavioural patterns
Schweiker, M., Hawighorst, M., & Wagner, A. (2016) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.09.019 · Cited by 63
Chung, M. C., Berger, Z. E., Jones, R. C. M., & Rudd, H. (2006) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1624 · Cited by 64
Bloom, E. L., Matsko, S. V., & Cimino, C. R. (2013) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2013.867432 · Cited by 63
“…of impulsivity (Bernow et al., 2011; Carton, Jouvent, & Widlocher, 1994; Dinn, Aycicegi, & Harris, 2004; Geist & Herrmann, 1990; Golding, Harpur, & BrentSmith, 1983; Kassel, Shiffman, Gnys, Paty, & ZettlerSegal, 1994; Mitchell, 1999; Terracciano & Costa, 2004; Zuckerman, Ball, & Black, 1990).”
Openness and conscientiousness predict 34-SSweek patterns of Interleukin-6 in older persons
Chapman, B. P., van Wijngaarden, E., Seplaki, C. L., Talbot, N., Duberstein, P., & Moynihan, J. (2011) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.01.003 · Cited by 59
Compulsive buying and the Five Factor Model of personality: A facet analysis
López, X. M. O., & Pol, E. V. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.05.005 · Cited by 58
Grevenstein, D., Bluemke, M., & Jungaberle, H. (2016) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-016-0412-z · Cited by 56
“Specifically, it predicts alcohol use [47–49] and smoking habits [50, 51].”
BackgroundPersonality factors and styles among college students who binge eat and drink.
Rush, C. C., Becker, S. J., & Curry, J. F. (2009) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0013167 · Cited by 56
Personality types and risky health behaviors in Norwegian students
Vollrath, M. E., & Torgersen, S. O. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00631.x · Cited by 54
Cross-cultural studies of personality traits and their relevance to psychiatry
Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2006) · Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale · doi:10.1017/s1121189x00004425 · Cited by 62
“…predictors of important outcomes (Paunonen, 2003, Ozer & Benet-Martínez, 2006), including a variety of health risk behaviors (Trobst et al., 2002, Terracciano & Costa, 2004), well-being (Costa & McCrae, 1980), emotional experience (Terracciano et al., 2003a,b), academic performance…”
BackgroundSelf-citationImpact of Personality on Cognitive Aging: A Prospective Cohort Study
Caselli, R. J., Dueck, A. C., Locke, D. E. C., Henslin, B. R., Johnson, T. A., Woodruff, B. K., Hoffman‐Snyder, C., & Geda, Y. E. (2016) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617716000527 · Cited by 59
Population modeling with machine learning can enhance measures of mental health
Dadi, K., Varoquaux, G. P., Houenou, J., Bzdok, D., Thirion, B., & Engemann, D. A. (2021) · GigaScience · doi:10.1093/gigascience/giab071 · Cited by 54
“The complementary patterns re-lated to traditional construct semantics: High consumption of cigarettes is associated with neuroticism [56]; excessive drinking may lead to brain atrophy and cognitive decline [57]—both common correlates of increased brain age [22, 58].”
A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Internet Addiction
Stavropoulos, V., Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Motti‐Stefanidi, F. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558415580163 · Cited by 61
“First, lower conscientiousness has been consistently associated with various forms of addiction including substance abuse (Kotov, Gamez, Schmidt, & Watson, 2010), alcoholism (Alminhana & Farias, 2014), and smoking (Terracciano & Costa, 2004).”
BackgroundResultPersonality and frailty: Evidence from four samples
Stéphan, Y., Sutin, A. R., Canada, B., & Terracciano, A. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.12.006 · Cited by 52
“Individuals low in agreeableness are more likely to engage in health-risk behaviors across the lifespan such as smoking (Terracciano & Costa, 2004) and heavy alcohol consumption (Hakulinen et al., 2015), which may culminate in higher frailty in old age.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Terracciano, A., & Costa, P. T.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Terracciano, Antonio
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-03-25
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 472-481
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- PMC
- PMC2376761
- OpenAlex
- W2097167091
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 6.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 AG999999)
- National Institute on Aging (ZIAAG000197, ZIAAG000183)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, Big Five personality traits, personality traits, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, former smokers, personality facets, impulsivity, excitement seeking, self-control, deliberation, smoking cessation, smoking prevention, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Attitude to Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Neurotic Disorders, Personality Assessment, Personality Disorders, Risk-Taking, Smoking
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