Exopolysaccharide analysis of biofilm‐forming Candida albicans
Abstract
AIM: The major objective of the study was to analyse exopolysaccharide produced by a biofilm forming-clinical strain of Candida albicans. METHODS AND RESULTS: The biofilm-forming ability of C. albicans recovered from infected intrauterine devices (IUDs) was evaluated using XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) reduction assay. The morphological characteristics of the biofilm were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Biochemical characterization of the exopolysaccharide was carried out by gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Microscopic studies of C. albicans biofilm revealed complex, heterogeneous three-dimensional structure, in which yeast cells and hyphal elements were entrenched within exopolysaccharides matrix. Chromatographic analysis data indicated C. albicans exopolysaccharide (c. 300 kDa) to be made up of four major sugar units. The FTIR spectrum revealed specific absorbance of O-H, C-H, O=C=O, C=O, C-N and C-C ring stretching. (1) H and (13) C NMR data showed the presence of β (1→6) and β (1→3) linkages in the exopolysaccharide chain that were assigned to α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose, α-D-mannose, α-L-rhamnose and N-acetyl glucosamine (β-D-GlcNAc), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Study suggested the production of a water soluble c. 300 kDa exopolysaccharide by C. albicans made up of glucose, mannose, rhamnose and N-acetyl glucosamine subunits. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The study could assist in the development of novel therapeutics aimed at disrupting C. albicans biofilms that will translate into improved clearance of Candida-related infections.
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In Candida species biofilms, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids form the extracellular matrix surrounding the cells.
“In Candida species biofilms, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids form the extracellular matrix that surround the cells in the biofilms [149,150,151,152,153,154].”
From Candida glabrata Biofilms: How Far Have We Come? (2017) · cites this paper as [151]
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Recent insights into Candida albicans biofilm resistance mechanisms
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- Authors
- Lal, P., Sharma, D., Pruthi, P., & Pruthi, V.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IN)
- Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Pruthi, P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Microbiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-06-10
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 128-136
- ISSN
- 1364-5072 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2672
- OpenAlex
- W1559870765
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Keywords
- Candida albicans, exopolysaccharides, biofilm, polysaccharide monosaccharide composition, N-acetylglucosamine, rhamnose, mannose, glucose, biofilm matrix, antifungal agents
- MeSH terms
- Acetylglucosamine, Candida albicans, Glucose, Mannose, Polysaccharides, Rhamnose, Biofilms
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