Fungal Biofilms and Drug Resistance
Open accessAbstract
Candida species, including the novel opportunistic pathogen Candida dubliniensis, are now emerging as major agents of nosocomial infections. Many such manifestations of infections associated with the formation of Candida biofilms include those occurring on devices such as indwelling intravascular catheters. Fungal biofilm-associated infections are frequently refractory to conventional therapy because of resistance to antimicrobial agents. This resistance could be in part due to the surface-induced upregulation of drug efflux pumps. Biofilm-associated Candida show uniform resistance to a wide spectrum of the currently available conventional antifungal agents, which implies that antimicrobial drugs that specifically target biofilm-associated infections are needed. The novel classes of antifungal agents, the lipid formulation of amphotericins, and the echinocandins have demonstrated unique antifungal activity against the resistant Candida biofilms, providing a breakthrough in the treatment of life-threatening invasive systemic mycoses. The use of drugs effective in combating biofilm-associated infections could lead to major developments in the treatment of fungal implant infections.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Members from Acremonium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Pneumocystis, in addition to Candida, are among the biofilm formers tested for drug susceptibility in vitro.
“These include (in addition to Candida) members from Acremonium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Pneumocystis (9, 20, 35, 42, 79, 160, 176).”
From <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms and Human Disease (2015) · cites this paper as [79]
Cells in biofilms have been found to be more resistant to drugs compared with cells grown in suspension culture.
“For example, a number of these biofilm formers (Table 3) have been tested for drug susceptibility in vitro, and cells in biofilms have been found to be more resistant to drugs compared with cells grown in suspension culture.”
From <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms and Human Disease (2015) · cites this paper as [79]
Current antifungal drugs have only two specific targets: ergosterol biosynthesis and 1,3-β-D-glucan synthesis.
“Current antifungal drugs have only two specific targets (ergosterol biosynthesis and 1,3-β-D-glucan synthesis)”
From <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms and Human Disease (2015) · cites this paper as [79]
It is widely believed that antifungal drugs with new mechanisms of action are needed.
“and it is widely believed that antifungal drugs with new mechanisms of action are needed (4, 18, 79).”
From <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms and Human Disease (2015) · cites this paper as [79]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Biofilms: Survival Mechanisms of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms
Donlan, R. M., & Costerton, J. W. (2002) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.15.2.167-193.2002 · Cited by 6,644 · see citing works
Biofilms: Microbial Life on Surfaces
Donlan, R. M. (2002) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0809.020063 · Cited by 4,894 · see citing works
Biofilm formation as microbial development
O'Toole, G., Kaplan, H. B., & Kolter, R. (2000) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.49 · Cited by 3,571 · see citing works
Microbial Biofilms: from Ecology to Molecular Genetics
Davey, M. E., & O’Toole, G. A. (2000) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.64.4.847-867.2000 · Cited by 3,072 · see citing works
Lewis, K. (2001) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.45.4.999-1007.2001 · Cited by 1,988 · see citing works
Chandra, J., Kuhn, D. M., Mukherjee, P. K., Hoyer, L. L., McCormick, T., & Ghannoum, M. A. (2001) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.183.18.5385-5394.2001 · Cited by 1,578 · see citing works
Comparison of Caspofungin and Amphotericin B for Invasive Candidiasis
Mora-Duarte, J., Betts, R., Rotstein, C., Colombo, A. L., Thompson-Moya, L., Smietana, J., Lupinacci, R., Sable, C., Kartsonis, N., & Perfect, J. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021585 · Cited by 1,380 · see citing works
Candida biofilms and their role in infection
Douglas, L. J. (2003) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(02)00002-1 · Cited by 1,150 · see citing works
Calderone, R. (2012) · ASM Press eBooks · Cited by 912 · see citing works
Kuhn, D. M., George, T., Chandra, J., Mukherjee, P. K., & Ghannoum, M. A. (2002) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.46.6.1773-1780.2002 · Cited by 765 · see citing works
Ramage, G., Vande Walle, K., Wickes, B. L., & López-Ribot, J. L. (2001) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.45.9.2475-2479.2001 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Ramage, G. (2002) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkf049 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Resistance Mechanisms in Clinical Isolates of <i>Candida albicans</i>
White, T. C., Holleman, S., Dy, F., Mirels, L. F., & Stevens, D. A. (2002) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.46.6.1704-1713.2002 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Baillie, G. S. (2000) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/46.3.397 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Mixed species biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis
ADAM, B., Baillie, G. S., & Douglas, L. (2002) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-51-4-344 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Echinocandins: a new class of antifungal
Denning, D. W. (2002) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkf045 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
In Vitro Activity of Caspofungin against <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms
Bachmann, S. P., VandeWalle, K., Ramage, G., Patterson, T. F., Wickes, B. L., Graybill, J. R., & López-Ribot, J. L. (2002) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.46.11.3591-3596.2002 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Moran, G. P., Sanglard, D., Donnelly, S. M., Shanley, D. B., Sullivan, D. J., & Coleman, D. C. (1998) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.42.7.1819 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Medical importance of biofilms in Candida infections.
Douglas, L. J. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Current and future antifungal therapy: new targets for antifungal agents
Andriole, V. T. (1999) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/44.2.151 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Shipping and the Spread of Infectious Salmon Anemia in Scottish Aquaculture
Murray, A. G., Smith, R. J., & Stagg, R. M. (2002) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0801.010144 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Biofilm Formation by Candida dubliniensis
Ramage, G., Walle, K. V., Wickes, B. L., & Lopez-Ribot, J. L. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.39.9.3234-3240.2001 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Update on antifungals targeted to the cell wall: focus on β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitors
Georgopapadakou, N. H. (2001) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.10.2.269 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Gee, S. F., Joly, S., Pujol, C., Sullivan, D. J., Coleman, D. C., & Soll, D. R. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.37.3.870-872.1999 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Jabra-Rizk, M. A., Falkler, W. A., Merz, W. G., Baqui, A. A. M. A., Kelley, J. I., & Meiller, T. F. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.38.6.2423-2426.2000 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationRoling, E. E., Klepser, M. E., Wasson, A., Lewis, R. E., Ernst, E. J., & Pfaller, M. A. (2002) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/s0732-8893(02)00361-9 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Echinocandins — An Advance in the Primary Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis
Walsh, T. J. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme020142 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Martı́nez, M., Lopez-Ribot, J. L., Kirkpatrick, W. R., Coco, B. J., Bachmann, S. P., & Patterson, T. F. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.40.9.3135-3139.2002 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Coaggregation of Candida dubliniensis with Fusobacterium nucleatum
Jabra‐Rizk, M. A., Falkler, W. A., Merz, W. G., Kelley, J. I., Baqui, A. A. M. A., & Meiller, T. F. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.37.5.1464-1468.1999 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationMDR1 -Mediated Drug Resistance in Candida dubliniensis
Wirsching, S., Moran, G. P., Sullivan, D. J., Coleman, D. C., & Morschhäuser, J. (2001) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.45.12.3416-3421.2001 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Invasive fungal infections: evolving challenges for diagnosis and therapeutics
Ellis, M. E. (2002) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0161-5890(02)00022-6 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Candida dubliniensis: an emerging opportunistic pathogen.
Sullivan, D. J., & Coleman, D. C. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Antifungal chemotherapy: advances and perspectives
Groll, A. H., & Walsh, T. J. (2002) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2002.09729 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
In vitro Susceptibility of Candida dubliniensis to Current and New Antifungal Agents
Quindós, G., Carrillo‐Muñoz, A. J., Arévalo, M. P., Salgado, J., Alonso-Vargas, R., Rodrigo, J. M., Ruesga, M. T., Valverde, A., Pemán, J., Cantón, E., et al. (2000) · Chemotherapy · doi:10.1159/000007320 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Cuenca‐Estrella, M. (2000) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/46.3.475 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Clinical efficacy of echinocandin antifungals
Arathoon, E. (2001) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/00001432-200112000-00004 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Graybill, J. R. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Graybill, J. R. (2001) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2001.tb11144.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Host defense against oropharyngeal and vaginal candidiasis: Site-specific differences.
Fidel, P. L. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Transcription initiation of genes associated with azole resistance in Candida albicans
Harry, J. B., Song, J. L., Lyons, C. N., & White, T. C. (2002) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/mmy.40.1.73.81 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Jabra‐Rizk, M. A., Falkler, W. A., Merz, W. G., Kelley, J. I., Baqui, A. A. M. A., & Meiller, T. F. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationFungal drug resistance, biofilms, and new antifungals.
Wynn, R. L., Jabra‐Rizk, M. A., & Meiller, T. F. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationAntifungal drugs and fungal resistance: the need for a new generation of drugs.
Rl, W., Ma, J.-R., & Meiller, T. F. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
<i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms and Human Disease
Nobile, C. J., & Johnson, A. D. (2015) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104330 · Cited by 1,057 · see citing works
<i>Candida</i>Biofilms: an Update
Ramage, G., Saville, S. P., Thomas, D. P., & López-Ribot, J. L. (2005) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.4.4.633-638.2005 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
<i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms Produce Antifungal-Tolerant Persister Cells
LaFleur, M. D., Kumamoto, C. A., & Lewis, K. (2006) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00684-06 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Our Current Understanding of Fungal Biofilms
Ramage, G., Mowat, E., Jones, B., Williams, C., & Lopez-Ribot, J. (2009) · Critical Reviews in Microbiology · doi:10.3109/10408410903241436 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Breakthrough invasive fungal infections: Who is at risk?
Jenks, J. D., Cornely, O. A., Chen, S. C. ‐., Thompson, G. R., & Hoenigl, M. (2020) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/myc.13148 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Fox, E. P., Bui, C. K., Nett, J. E., Hartooni, N., Mui, M. C., Andes, D. R., Nobile, C. J., & Johnson, A. D. (2015) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/mmi.13002 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Aspergillus biofilms: clinical and industrial significance
Ramage, G., Rajendran, R., Gutierrez-Correa, M., Jones, B., & Williams, C. (2011) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02381.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
The characteristics of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> mycetoma development: is this a biofilm?
Mowat, E., Williams, C., Jones, B., Mcchlery, S., & Ramage, G. (2009) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/13693780802238834 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Candida glabrata Biofilms: How Far Have We Come?
Rodrigues, C., Rodrigues, M., Silva, S., & Henriques, M. (2017) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof3010011 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Adherence of <i>Candida albicans</i> to Silicone Induces Immediate Enhanced Tolerance to Fluconazole
Mateus, C., Crow, S. A., & Ahearn, D. G. (2004) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.48.9.3358-3366.2004 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Role of matrix β-1,3 glucan in antifungal resistance of non-albicans Candida biofilms
Mitchell, K. F., Taff, H. T., Cuevas, M. A., Reinicke, E. L., Sanchez, H., & Andes, D. R. (2013) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.02378-12 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Exopolysaccharide analysis of biofilm‐forming <i>Candida albicans</i>
Lal, P., Sharma, D., Pruthi, P., & Pruthi, V. (2010) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04634.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
LaFleur, M. D., Lucumi, E., Napper, A. D., Diamond, S. L., & Lewis, K. (2011) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkq530 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
New and emerging infectious diseases
Elston, D. M. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.02.048 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Rashid, S., Correia-Mesquita, T. O., Godoy, P., Omran, R. P., & Whiteway, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.764711 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jabra-Rizk, M. A., Falkler, W. A., & Meiller, T. F.
- Affiliations
- Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Venue
- Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14-19
- ISSN
- 1080-6040 (ISSN-L)
- 1080-6059
- PMC
- PMC3031105
- OpenAlex
- W2138749370
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Emerging infectious diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Keywords
- fungal biofilms, Candida, Candida dubliniensis, antifungal resistance, drug efflux pumps, nosocomial infections, echinocandins, invasive fungal infections
- MeSH terms
- Antifungal Agents, Candida, Drug Resistance, Fungi, Biofilms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
