Coffee consumption and risk of ischaemic heart disease — a settled issue?
Abstract
Abstract. Objective. Based on a meta‐analysis, it was recently stated that there is no association between coffee consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease. Why then, have studies on the issue shown quite variable results? Design, setting and subjects. A prospective study was performed in the Copenhagen Male Study on 2975 men (53–74 years) without cardiovascular disease at the baseline in 1985/1986. They were classified according to self‐reported consumption of filter coffee. Some 147 men (5%) were coffee abstainers. Potential confounders were alcohol use, physical activity, smoking, serum cotinine, serum lipids, serum selenium, body mass index, blood pressure, Lewis blood group, hypertension, non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and social class. Main outcome measures. The incidence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) 1985/86–1991. Results. Some 184 men had a first IHD event. There was no significant difference between those consuming 1–4, 5–8 or ≥ 9 cups per day after controlling for confounders (P‐value of trend test: 0.14). The crude incidence rates were 6.8, 6.7 and 4.6%, respectively; the adjusted rates were 6.8, 6.7 and 4.0%, respectively. Coffee consumption was significantly (P < 0.05) inversely correlated with serum selenium concentration (never previously described) and, positively or negatively, with a number of other potential risk factors: smoking, alcohol use, serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, social class, body mass index, and serum selenium. In nonsmokers and smokers of only a small amount of tobacco, coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk of IHD (P < 0.05). Conclusion. We conclude that the association between coffee consumption and risk of IHD is conditioned by known risk factors correlated with use of coffee, which may partly explain the inconsistencies in the results of previous studies.
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A previous meta-analysis of 21 prospective cohort studies found no association between moderate coffee consumption and CHD risk in the overall population.
“a previous meta-analysis summarizing 21 prospective cohort studies31 found no association between moderate coffee consumption and CHD risk in the overall population.”
From Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies (2014) · cites this paper as [31]
A possible reason the previous meta-analysis found no association is that it included 7 studies without adjustment for confounders, which might have biased the relative risks upwards because of confounding by factors such as smoking.
“One possible reason is that the previous meta-analysis included 7 studies without adjustment for confounders, which might have biased the relative risks upwards because of confounding by factors such as smoking.”
From Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies (2014) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- GYNTELBERG, F., HEIN, H. O., SUADICANI, P., & SØRENSEN, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- GYNTELBERG, F.
- ORCID
- GYNTELBERG, F.
- Venue
- Journal of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-01
- Volume
- 237
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-61
- ISSN
- 0954-6820 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2796
- OpenAlex
- W2020740474
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- coffee consumption, ischemic heart disease, coronary artery disease, serum selenium, smoking, alcohol consumption, serum lipids, blood pressure, body mass index, social class
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Coffee, Coronary Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Denmark, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Chi-Square Distribution, Logistic Models
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