The DOI matches its Crossref record; 220 of the 220 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prenatal Stress, Glucocorticoids and the Programming of the Brain
Abstract
Abstract A large body of human epidemiological data, as well as experimental studies, suggest that environmental factors operating early in life potently affect developing systems, permanently altering structure and function throughout life. This process with its persistent organizational effects has been called ‘programming’. The brain is a key target for such effects. This review focuses on the effects of adverse early environments, notably exposure to stress or glucocorticoids, upon subsequent adult hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activity, behaviour and cognition. We discuss the effects observed, the proposed underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms and the consequences for pathophysiology. The data suggest that key targets for programming include glucocorticoid receptor gene expression and the corticotrophin‐releasing hormone system. Increasing evidence for analogous processes in humans is also reviewed. Early life programming of neuroendocrine systems and behaviour by stress and exogenous or endogenous glucocorticoids appears to be a fundamental process underpinning common disorders. Approaches to minimize or reverse the consequences of such early life events may have therapeutic importance.
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“while in rats, prenatal stress decreases the propensity to play in juvenile offspring and impairs sociality and extinction of conditioned fear lasting into adulthood (Welberg and Seckl, 2001;Motlagh et al., 2010;Green et al., 2011).”
From Glutamate receptors in domestication and modern human evolution (2020) · cites this paper as Welberg and Seckl, 2001
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Items 201–220 of 220
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Metadata
- Authors
- Welberg, L. A. M., & Seckl, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Western General Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 113-128
- ISSN
- 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2826
- OpenAlex
- W1570408419
- Cited by
- 928
- References
- 220
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 14.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- British Heart Foundation
- European Commission
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- prenatal stress, glucocorticoids, developmental programming, brain development, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoid receptor, corticotropin-releasing factor, neuroendocrine system, behavior, cognition, childhood adversity, neuroendocrine disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Brain, Fetal Diseases, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Stress, Physiological
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