Workplace empowerment, incivility, and burnout: impact on staff nurse recruitment and retention outcomes
Open accessAbstract
AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of empowering work conditions and workplace incivility on nurses' experiences of burnout and important nurse retention factors identified in the literature. BACKGROUND: A major cause of turnover among nurses is related to unsatisfying workplaces. Recently, there have been numerous anecdotal reports of uncivil behaviour in health care settings. METHOD: We examined the impact of workplace empowerment, supervisor and coworker incivility, and burnout on three employee retention outcomes: job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions in a sample of 612 Canadian staff nurses. RESULTS: Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses revealed that empowerment, workplace incivility, and burnout explained significant variance in all three retention factors: job satisfaction (R(2) = 0.46), organizational commitment (R(2) = 0.29) and turnover intentions (R(2) = 0.28). Empowerment, supervisor incivility, and cynicism most strongly predicted job dissatisfaction and low commitment (P < 0.001), whereas emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and supervisor incivility most strongly predicted turnover intentions. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, nurses' perceptions of empowerment, supervisor incivility, and cynicism were strongly related to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Managerial strategies that empower nurses for professional practice may be helpful in preventing workplace incivility, and ultimately, burnout.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Emotional Exhaustion and Cynicism have a direct effect on turnover intentions.
“Two studies found that Emotional Exhaustion and Cynicism had a direct effect on turnover intentions [28, 99]”
From Burnout in nursing: a theoretical review. (2020) · cites this paper as [99]
Cynicism only is associated with job dissatisfaction in one study.
“one study reported that Cynicism only was associated with job dissatisfaction [99]”
From Burnout in nursing: a theoretical review. (2020) · cites this paper as [99]
Cites
Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076546 · Cited by 7,246 · see citing works
Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction
Aiken, L. H. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.16.1987 · Cited by 5,226 · see citing works
A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.123 · Cited by 3,262 · see citing works
Cynicism about Organizational Change: Measurement, Antecedents, and Correlates
Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., & Austin, J. T. (2000) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601100252003 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Relationships of Work and Practice Environment to Professional Burnout: Testing a Causal Model
Leiter, M. P., & Spence Laschinger, H. K. (2006) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200603000-00009 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Burnout in nursing: a theoretical review.
Dall’Ora, C., Ball, J., Reinius, M., & Griffiths, P. (2020) · Human Resources for Health · doi:10.1186/s12960-020-00469-9 · Cited by 1,181 · see citing works
Using a Single Item to Measure Burnout in Primary Care Staff: A Psychometric Evaluation
Dolan, E. D., Mohr, D., Lempa, M., Joos, S., Fihn, S. D., Nelson, K. M., & Helfrich, C. D. (2015) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-014-3112-6 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Johnson, J., Hall, L. H., Berzins, K., Baker, J., Melling, K., & Thompson, C. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12416 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Rokstad, A. M. M., Vatne, S., Engedal, K., & Selbæk, G. (2015) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.12072 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Melnick, E. R., West, C. P., Nath, B., Cipriano, P. F., Peterson, C., Satele, D. V., Shanafelt, T., & Dyrbye, L. N. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocab059 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Alenezi, A., McAndrew, S., & Fallon, P. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12608 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Basar, U., & Basim, N. (2016) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12958 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
LEE, H.-F., CHIEN, T.-W., & YEN, M. (2013) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01427.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Yu, Q., Huang, C., Tian, Y., Yang, J., Li, X., Ning, M., Chen, Z., Du, J., He, J., & Li, Y. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02005-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- SPENCE LASCHINGER, H. K., LEITER, M., DAY, A., & GILIN, D.
- Affiliations
- Acadia University (CA)
- Canada Research Chairs (CA)
- Saint Mary's University (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Nursing Management
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 302-311
- ISSN
- 0966-0429 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2834
- OpenAlex
- W2128312482
- Cited by
- 730
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 70.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Nursing Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing education and management
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Leadership and Management › Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Keywords
- workplace empowerment, workplace incivility, supervisor incivility, coworker incivility, nurse burnout, nurse turnover, nurse retention, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, staff nurses
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Burnout, Professional, Canada, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Emotions, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Interprofessional Relations, Job Satisfaction, Male, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Personnel Selection, Personnel Turnover, Power, Psychological, Prejudice, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Environment, Statistics as Topic, Workplace
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
