Mental healthcare staff well‐being and burnout: A narrative review of trends, causes, implications, and recommendations for future interventions
Abstract
Rising levels of burnout and poor well-being in healthcare staff are an international concern for health systems. The need to improve well-being and reduce burnout has long been acknowledged, but few interventions target mental healthcare staff, and minimal improvements have been seen in services. This review aimed to examine the problem of burnout and well-being in mental healthcare staff and to present recommendations for future research and interventions. A discursive review was undertaken examining trends, causes, implications, and interventions in burnout and well-being in healthcare staff working in mental health services. Data were drawn from national surveys, reports, and peer-reviewed journal articles. These show that staff in mental healthcare report poorer well-being than staff in other healthcare sectors. Poorer well-being and higher burnout are associated with poorer quality and safety of patient care, higher absenteeism, and higher turnover rates. Interventions are effective, but effect sizes are small. The review concludes that grounding interventions in the research literature, emphasizing the positive aspects of interventions to staff, building stronger links between healthcare organizations and universities, and designing interventions targeting burnout and improved patient care together may improve the effectiveness and uptake of interventions by staff.
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Psychological distress is a strong proxy of perceived safety practices.
“This finding is in line with the patient safety literature [2, 4, 6] that suggests that psychological distress is a strong proxy of perceived safety practices.”
From A workplace Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention for improving healthcare staff psychological distress: A randomised controlled trial (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
The section ‘Mental Health Staff Wellbeing and Quality and Safety of Patient Care’ (page unavailable) reports associations between poor staff wellbeing and poorer patient-safety outcomes. It does not establish psychological distress as a strong proxy for perceived safety practices; in the mental-healthcare study it discusses, links with perceived errors were not found. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPoor wellbeing and high levels of work-related stress are well documented in health-care professionals (HCPs).
“Poor wellbeing and high levels of work-related stress are well documented in health-care professionals (HCPs) (Johnson et al., 2018; O'Connor et al., 2020).”
From Wellbeing, burnout, and safe practice among healthcare professionals: predictive influences of mindfulness, values, and self-compassion (2022) · cites this paper as Johnson et al., 2018
Poor wellbeing and burnout are significant issues among HCPs and may contribute to unsafe practice.
“Poor wellbeing and burnout are significant issues among healthcare professionals (HCPs) and may contribute to unsafe practice.”
From Wellbeing, burnout, and safe practice among healthcare professionals: predictive influences of mindfulness, values, and self-compassion (2022) · cites this paper as Johnson et al., 2018
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Mindfulness therapies on health professionals
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Prudenzi, A., Graham, C. D., Clancy, F., Hill, D., O'Driscoll, R., Day, F., & O'Connor, D. B. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.084 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Henshall, C., Davey, Z., & Jackson, D. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12689 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Prudenzi, A., D. Graham, C., Flaxman, P. E., & O’Connor, D. B. (2022) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2021.1898651 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Poor wellbeing and high levels of work-related stress are well documented in health-care professionals (HCPs) (Johnson et al., 2018; O’Connor et al., 2020).”
BackgroundLi, Y., Fan, R., Lu, Y., Li, H., Liu, X., Kong, G., Wang, J., Yang, F., Zhou, J., & Wang, J. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100618 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Martland, R. N., Ma, R., Paleri, V., Valmaggia, L., Riches, S., Firth, J., & Stubbs, B. (2024) · Mental Health and Physical Activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2024.100577 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Henshall, C., Ostinelli, E., Harvey, J., Davey, Z., Aghanenu, B., Cipriani, A., & Attenburrow, M.-J. (2022) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/34230 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Johnson, J., Hall, L. H., Berzins, K., Baker, J., Melling, K., & Thompson, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Johnson, Judith
- Venue
- International Journal of Mental Health Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-12-15
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-32
- ISSN
- 1445-8330 (ISSN-L)
- 1447-0349
- OpenAlex
- W2772836678
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 3.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Mental Health Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- burnout, employee well-being, mental health services, occupational stress, burnout intervention, quality of care, absenteeism, employee turnover, psychiatric nursing
- MeSH terms
- Workforce, Burnout, Professional, Forecasting, Health Personnel, Health Status, Humans, Mental Health Services
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