Sleep spindle frequency changes during the menstrual cycle
Open accessAbstract
SUMMARY Five healthy adult women aged 20 to 28 had 12–15 polysomnographic recordings, as well as daily basal body temperature and multiple LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone measurements taken during a single menstrual cycle. Sleep stages were scored both visually and with a spindle and delta‐wave, real‐time, automatic analysing system. A cubic growth‐curve model showed that the frequency of sleep spindles changed markedly over the menstrual cycle: spindle frequency was lowest about 18 days before onset of menses and highest 3 days before onset of menses. Slow waves did not change. The percentages of Stage 1 and REM sleep showed small changes during the menstrual cycle, and other parameters of visually scored sleep showed no tendency to change. Spindle frequency may reflect the effects of sex hormones on the reticular thalamic nucleus and may be a quantitative marker of premenstrual sleep disturbances.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Ishizuka et al. described a biphasic variation in spindle frequency, with lowest values during the follicular phase and highest values during the late luteal phase.
“Defining a sleep spindle as activity within the 11.11–16.13 Hz frequency range, the authors described a biphasic variation in the frequency of spindles, with lowest values observed during the FP (18 days before menstruation, near the mid-FP) and highest values during the late-LP [48].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [48]
The prominent increase in sleep spindle frequency activity during the luteal phase is the most characteristic menstrual cycle-associated sleep change.
“The effects of menstrual phase on quantitative sleep EEG have been investigated by a few groups, yet results indicate a very consistent pattern of findings, making the prominent increase in SFA during the LP the most characteristic menstrual cycle associated sleep change [48, 49, 55]”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [48]
SFA increases in association with progesterone during the luteal phase.
“The most consistently observed menstrual cycle-related changes in the sleep profile of healthy women are a reduction of REM sleep [49, 51–53, 56], with a maintenance of homeostatic sleep mechanisms throughout the cycle [90], and a robust variation of SFA across the menstrual cycle [48, 49, 55], which increases in association with progesterone during the LP.”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [48]
There is a robust variation of SFA across the menstrual cycle.
“The most consistently observed menstrual cycle-related changes in the sleep profile of healthy women are a reduction of REM sleep [49, 51–53, 56], with a maintenance of homeostatic sleep mechanisms throughout the cycle [90], and a robust variation of SFA across the menstrual cycle [48, 49, 55], which increases in association with progesterone during the LP.”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [48]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772 · see citing works
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and Coding Manual
(1991) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-115-5-413_1 · Cited by 2,416 · see citing works
Brainstem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep
Steriade, M., & McCarley, R. W. (1990) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-4669-3 · Cited by 1,188 · see citing works
A generalized multivariate analysis of variance model useful especially for growth curve problems
Potthoff, R. F., & Roy, S. (1964) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/51.3-4.313 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
The Effects of Coffee and Napping on Nighttime Highway Driving
Philip, P., Taillard, J., Moore, N. D., Delord, S., Valtat, C., Sagaspe, P., & Bioulac, B. H. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-11-200606060-00004 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Estradiol shortens the period of hamster circadian rhythms
Morin, L. P., Fitzgerald, K. M., & Zucker, I. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.557840 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Gonadal hormones organize and modulate the circadian system of the rat
Albers, H. E. (1981) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1981.241.1.r62 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Sanghera, M. K., Simpson, E. R., McPhaul, M. J., Kozlowski, G. P., Conley, A. J., & Lephart, E. D. (1991) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-129-6-2834 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Sleep Patterns Related to Menstrual Cycle Phase and Premenstrual Affective Symptoms
Lee, K. A., Shaver, J. F., Giblin, E. C., & Woods, N. F. (1990) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/13.5.403 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Creutzfeldt, O. D., Arnold, P. M., Becker, D., Langenstein, S., Tirsch, W. S., Wilhelm, H. E., & Wuttke, W. (1976) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(76)90157-7 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Circadian sleep-wakefulness patterns in rats after ovariectomy and treatment with estrogen
Colvin, G. B., Whitmoyer, D. I., & Sawyer, C. H. (1969) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(69)90104-6 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Effects of hormones and vaginal stimulation on the EEG and hypothalamic units in rats
RAMIREZ, V. D., Komisaruk, B. R., Whitmoyer, D., & Sawyer, C. H. (1967) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.212.6.1376 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Variations in menstrual cycle symptom reporting
Sheldrake, P., & Cormack, M. L. (1976) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(76)90017-9 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Detection of human sleep EEG waveforms
Smith, J. R., Funke, W., Yeo, W. C., & Ambuehl, R. A. (1975) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(75)90269-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
DREAMING SLEEP (THE D-STATE) AND THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Hartmann, E. L. (1966) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-196611000-00003 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Patterns of steroid hormone effects on electrical and molecular events in hypothalamic neurons
Pfaff, D. W. (1989) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/bf02935628 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sex hormones and the sleep of women
Ho, A. M. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sex Hormones and the Sleep of Women
Ho, M. A. (1973) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-197301000-00131 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Akaike, H. Information Theory and an Extension of The Maximum Likelihood Principle. In: B.N. Petrov and F. Csaki (Eds) 2nd International Symposium on Information Theory. Akademia Kiado, Budapest, 1973: 267–281.
- Ishizuka, Y. Usui, A. Shiraishi K. Fukuzawa, H. Kariya, T. Shirakawa, S. and Azumi, K. A subjective evaluation of sleep during the menstrual cycle. Sleep Research, 1989, 18: 421.
- Kapen, S. Boyar, R. and Hellman, L. Changes in the sleep stage pattern during the menstrual cycle of normal females. Sleep Research, 1972, 1: 186.
- Lee, K.A. Shaver, J. F. and Giblin E.C. Woods, N.F. Sleep pattud n a n rpasu a a unadl affective symptoms. Sleep, 1990, 13: 403–409.
- Shirakawa, S., Smith, J.R. and Azumi, K. Spindle analyzer by using personal computer. Sleep Research, 1987, 16: 581.
- Shirakawa, S. Ishizuka, Y. and Azumi K. Development of real time analyzing system of high voltage delta waves by using microcomputer in sleep. Jpn. J. EEG EMG, 1989, 17: 37–44.
- Shirakawa, S. Ishizuka, Y. and Azumi, K. Effects of total sleep deprivation and nap on spindle function. Rinsho noha, 1989, 31: 463-468.
- Wagner, D.R., Moline, M.L. and Pollak, C.P. Internal desynchronization of circadian rhythms in free-running young females occurs at specific phases of the menstrual cycle. Sleep Research, 1989, 18: 449.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sex Differences in Insomnia: A Meta-Analysis
Zhang, B., & Wing, Y.-K. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.1.85 · Cited by 1,286 · see citing works
Fogel, S. M., & Smith, C. T. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.12.003 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms, sleep, and the menstrual cycle
Baker, F. C., & Driver, H. S. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.09.011 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Sex, Steroids, and Sleep: A Review
Manber, R., & Armitage, R. (1999) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/22.5.540 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Sleep and the sleep electroencephalogram across the menstrual cycle in young healthy women
Driver, H. S. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.81.2.728 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
FOGEL, S., SMITH, C., & COTE, K. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.02.037 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Women's sleep in health and disease
Dzaja, A., Arber, S., Hislop, J., Kerkhofs, M., Kopp, C., Pollmächer, T., Polo‐Kantola, P., Skene, D. J., Stenuit, P., Tobler, I., et al. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.05.008 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Sleep in women across the life cycle from adulthood through menopause
Moline, M. L., Broch, L., Zak, R., & Gross, V. (2003) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0228 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Shechter, A., & Boivin, D. B. (2010) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2010/259345 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Menstrual Cycle Effects on Sleep
Baker, F. C., & Lee, K. A. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2018.04.002 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Sleep Quality and the Sleep Electroencephalogram in Women with Severe Premenstrual Syndrome
Baker, F. C., Kahan, T. L., Trinder, J., & Colrain, I. M. (2007) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.10.1283 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Relationship of Day-to-day Reproductive Hormone Levels to Sleep in Midlife Women
Kravitz, H. M. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.20.2370 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Sex and modulatory menstrual cycle effects on sleep related memory consolidation
Genzel, L., Kiefer, T., Renner, L. A., Wehrle, R., Kluge, M., Grözinger, M., Steiger, A., & Dresler, M. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.11.006 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Decreased Sleep Spindles and Spindle Activity in Midlife Women with Fibromyalgia and Pain
Landis, C. A., Lentz, M. J., Rothermel, J., Buchwald, D., & Shaver, J. L. F. (2004) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.4.741 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Sleep in Female Mice: A Strain Comparison Across the Estrous Cycle
Koehl, M., Battle, S., & Turek, F. W. (2003) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.3.267 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Menstrual Cycle Effects on Sleep
Baker, F. C., & Lee, K. A. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.02.004 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Alzueta, E., de Zambotti, M., Javitz, H. S., Dulai, T., Albinni, B., Simon, K. C., Sattari, N., Zhang, J., Shuster, A., Mednick, S. C., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s341917 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Sleep Disturbances Across a Woman's Lifespan: What Is the Role of Reproductive Hormones?
Haufe, A., & Leeners, B. (2023) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvad036 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Role of Ovarian Hormones in the Modulation of Sleep in Females Across the Adult Lifespan
Brown, A., & Gervais, N. J. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaa128 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Plante, D. T., Goldstein, M. R., Landsness, E. C., Peterson, M. J., Riedner, B. A., Ferrarelli, F., Wanger, T., Guokas, J. J., Tononi, G., & Benca, R. M. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.016 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Spindle frequencies in sleep EEG show U‐shape within first four NREM sleep episodes
Himanen, S., Virkkala, J., Huhtala, H., & Hasan, J. (2002) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00273.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Past and Future of Computer-Assisted Sleep Analysis and Drowsiness Assessment
Hasan, J. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/00004691-199607000-00004 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Sleep spindles are locally modulated by training on a brain–computer interface
Johnson, L. A., Blakely, T. M., Hermes, D., Hakimian, S., Ramsey, N. F., & Ojemann, J. G. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1207532109 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Driver, H. S., & Baker, F. C. (1998) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1087-0792(98)90009-0 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Female Reproductive Hormones Alter Sleep Architecture in Ovariectomized Rats
Deurveilher, S., Rusak, B., & Semba, K. (2011) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/34.4.519 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Effect of 38 h of total sleep deprivation on the waking EEG in women: sex differences
Corsi‐Cabrera, M. (2003) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(03)00168-5 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Menstrual Cycle-Related Variation in Physiological Sleep in Women in the Early Menopausal Transition
de Zambotti, M., Willoughby, A. R., Sassoon, S. A., Colrain, I. M., & Baker, F. C. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-1844 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Gender differences in adolescent sleep neurophysiology: a high-density sleep EEG study
Markovic, A., Kaess, M., & Tarokh, L. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72802-0 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Sleep spindling and fluid intelligence across adolescent development: sex matters
Bódizs, R., Gombos, F., Ujma, P. P., & Kovács, I. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00952 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The Menstrual Cycle Effects on Sleep
Driver, H. S., Werth, E., Dijk, D.-J., & Borbély, A. A. (2008) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2007.10.003 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Sex differences within sleep in gonadally intact rats
Swift, K. M., Keus, K., Echeverria, C. G., Cabrera, Y., Jimenez, J., Holloway, J., Clawson, B. C., & Poe, G. R. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz289 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Alzueta, E., & Baker, F. C. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.06.003 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effects of sex steroids on sleep
Empson, J., & Purdie, D. W. (1999) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899708998790 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The effect of sex and menstrual phase on memory formation during a nap
Sattari, N. S., McDevitt, E. A., Panas, D., Niknazar, M., Ahmadi, M., Naji, M., Baker, F. C., & Mednick, S. C. (2017) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2017.09.007 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Effects of sleep loss on sleep architecture in Wistar rats: Gender-specific rebound sleep
Andersen, M. L., Ishikura, I. A., Silva, A., Alvarenga, T. A., Baracat, E. C., & Tufik, S. (2008) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.01.007 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sex Hormones, Sleep, and Memory: Interrelationships Across the Adult Female Lifespan
Harrington, Y. A., Parisi, J. M., Duan, D., Rojo‐Wissar, D. M., Holingue, C., & Spira, A. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.800278 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Modelling female physiology from head to Toe: impact of sex hormones, menstrual cycle, and pregnancy
Abo, S., Smith, D., Stadt, M., & Layton, A. (2022) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111074 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Bódizs, R., Schneider, B., Ujma, P. P., Horváth, C. G., Dresler, M., & Rosenblum, Y. (2024) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102589 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
On the basis of sex and sleep: the influence of the estrous cycle and sex on sleep-wake behavior
Swift, K. M., Gary, N. C., & Urbanczyk, P. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1426189 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Impact of sex steroids and reproductive stage on sleep-dependent memory consolidation in women
Baker, F. C., Sattari, N. S., de Zambotti, M., Goldstone, A., Alaynick, W. A., & Mednick, S. C. (2018) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.03.017 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bódizs, R., Horváth, C. G., Szalárdy, O., Ujma, P. P., Simor, P., Gombos, F., Kovács, I., Genzel, L., & Dresler, M. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13514 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wang, C., Laxminarayan, S., Ramakrishnan, S., Dovzhenok, A. A., Cashmere, J. D., Germain, A., & Jaques Reifman, A. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa064 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
One's sex, sleep, and posttraumatic stress disorder
Kobayashi, I., Cowdin, N., & Mellman, T. A. (2012) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/2042-6410-3-29 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
HRM: A Management Science in Need of Discipline
Cooksey, R., & Gates, G. R. (1995) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/s1833367200006386 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Morselli, L., Temple, K. A., Leproult, R., Ehrmann, D., Cauter, E. V., & Mokhlesi, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00377 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Uchida, S., Matsuura, M., Ogata, S., Yamamoto, T., & Aikawa, N. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(95)00115-8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Plante, D. T., & Goldstein, M. R. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.08.012 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Vidafar, P., & Spitschan, M. (2022) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/07487304221126785 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sleep characteristics of menopausal insomnia: A polysomnographic study
Terashima, K., Mikami, A., Tachibana, N., Kumano‐go, T., Teshima, Y., Sugita, Y., & Takeda, M. (2004) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2003.01214.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sex and Menstrual Phase Influences on Sleep and Memory
Alonso, A., Genzel, L., & Gómez, A. (2021) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-020-00201-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Driver, H. S. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(96)00030-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Menstrual Cycle and Circadian Rhythms
Armitage, R., Baker, F. C., & Parry, B. L. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-72-160797-7/50115-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hamanishi, S., Eguchi, E., Ito, T., Nagaoka, K., & Ogino, K. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213706 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Brown, A., Gervais, N. J., Gravelsins, L. L., O’Byrne, J., Calvo, N., Ramana, S., Shao, Z., Bernardini, M. Q., Jacobson, M. R., Rajah, M. N., et al. (2024) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105619 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Alfonsa, H., Chakrabarty, A., Vyazovskiy, V. V., & Akerman, C. J. (2025) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.050 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lack of estradiol modulation of sleep deprivation-induced c-Fos in the rat brain
Rahia Mashoodh, A., Stamp, J. A., Wilkinson, M., Rusak, B., & Semba, K. (2008) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.08.001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Caloric Restriction, the Menstrual Cycle, and Sleep in Women Without Obesity
Kim, A. E., Shekhar, S., Hirsch, K. R., Purse, B., McGrath, J. A., Zava, T., Smith‐Ryan, A. E., & Hall, J. E. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf145 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sleep Disorders in Women: What Should a Gynecologist Know?
Aksan, A., & Dilbaz, B. (2024) · Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-2371-0763 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
HRM: A Management Science in Need of Discipline
Cooksey, R., & Gates, G. R. (1995) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.5172/jmo.1995.1.1.1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Women
Driver, H. S., & Sloan, E. P. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6578-6_53 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Carrier, J. (2003) · Douleur et Analgésie · doi:10.1007/bf03007110 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Camacho‐Arroyo, I., Hernández-Gollas, R., Manjarrez-Marmolejo, J., & Alvarado, R. (1999) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00403-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Driver, H. S., & Sloan, E. P. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-7584-0.00039-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Driver, H. S., & Sloan, E. P. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-8086-733-7.00039-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shafazand, S. (2010) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374271-1.00021-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Women
Baker, F. C. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1185-1_22 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The role of biological rhythms and blood glucose levels in maintaining a positive mood state.
Martino, O. I. (2008) · Wolverhampton Intellectual Repository and E-Theses (University of Wolverhampton)
The impact of long-term partial sleep deprivation in unipara mothers
Strous, T. T. (2014) · University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)
Swift, K. A. (2019) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Women
Baker, F. C., Lee, K. A., & Manber, R. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-421-6_19
(1999) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/22.5.534
(1999) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/22.8.1094
Sleep Architecture Across Female Lifespan
Kumar, C. A., Gorantla, V. R., Manchana, V., & Mahalakshmi, A. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-3949-5_32-1
Sleep Architecture Across Female Lifespan
Kumar, C. A., Gorantla, V. R., Manchana, V., & Mahalakshmi, A. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7557-0_32
Altered sleep EEG spectral dynamics across the menstrual cycle in premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Moderie, C., Boudreau, P., Pérez‐Medina‐Carballo, R., & Boivin, D. B. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.108679
Reid, M. J., Coon, W. G., Altier, H. R., Antonsdottir, I. M., Hamilton, K. R., Kim-Dahl, A., Maybrier, H. R., Nilsson, S. J., Nakad, L., Wendler, K., et al. (2026) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsag141
Burman, R. J., Brodersen, P. J. N., Alfonsa, H., Vyazovskiy, V. V., & Akerman, C. J. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.31.729031
- Authors
- ISHIZUKA, Y., POLLAK, C. P., SHIRAKAWA, S., KAKUMA, T., AZUMI, K., USUI, A., SHIRAISHI, K., FUKUZAWA, H., & KARIYA, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Yamanashi (JP)
- Cornell University (US)
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (JP)
- Tokyo Kasei University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- ISHIZUKA, YOSHIKAZU
- ORCID
- KAKUMA, TATSUYUKI
- Venue
- Journal of Sleep Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1994-03
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 26-29
- ISSN
- 0962-1105 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2869
- OpenAlex
- W2079079610
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Sleep Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- sleep spindles, menstrual cycle, spindle frequency, sex hormones, estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, basal body temperature, thalamic reticular nucleus, REM sleep, slow waves, sleep stages
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
