Nicotinamidase participates in the salvage pathway of NAD biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which is derived from NAD, have important roles as a redox carriers in metabolism. A combination of de novo and salvage pathways contribute to the biosynthesis of NAD in all organisms. The pathways and enzymes of the NAD salvage pathway in yeast and animals, which diverge at nicotinamide, have been extensively studied. Yeast cells convert nicotinamide to nicotinic acid, while mammals lack the enzyme nicotinamidase and instead convert nicotinamide to nicotinamide mononucleotide. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana gene At2g22570 encodes a nicotinamidase, which is expressed in all tissues, with the highest levels observed in roots and stems. The 244‐residue protein, designated AtNIC1, converts nicotinamide to nicotinic acid and has a K m value of 118 ± 17 μ m and a K cat value of 0.93 ± 0.13 sec −1 . Plants homozygous for a null AtNIC1 allele, nic1‐1 , have lower levels of NAD and NADP under normal growth conditions, indicating that AtNIC1 participates in a yeast‐type NAD salvage pathway. Mutant plants also exhibit hypersensitivity to treatments of abscisic acid and NaCl, which is correlated with their inability to increase the cellular levels of NAD(H) under these growth conditions, as occurs in wild‐type plants. We also show that the growth of the roots of wild‐type but not nic1‐1 mutant plants is inhibited and distorted by nicotinamide.
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Most bacteria have a NAM deamidase, an enzyme that converts NAM into NA.
“Most bacteria have a NAM deamidase, an enzyme that converts NAM into NA.”
From Nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide facilitate NAD <sup>+</sup> synthesis via enterohepatic circulation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
The introduction (page unavailable) says that in bacteria and yeast, nicotinamidase converts nicotinamide (NAM) to nicotinic acid (NA). It does not establish that most bacterial species have the enzyme. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGut microbiota deamidase converts NAM, NR, NMN, and NAD+ to their deamidated forms.
“have deamidase, which converts NAM, NR, NMN, and NAD+ to their deamidated forms (26–28).”
From Nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide facilitate NAD <sup>+</sup> synthesis via enterohepatic circulation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
The paper’s discussion of NAD salvage pathways (page not available in our copy) says that bacterial and yeast nicotinamidase converts nicotinamide (NAM) to nicotinic acid, supporting the NAM portion. It does not describe gut microbiota deamidase or deamidation of NR, NMN, or NAD+; its discussion of NR instead describes phosphorylation to NMN. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMammals do not have a homologous enzyme to NAM deamidase.
“However, mammals do not have a homologous enzyme (12, 25–28).”
From Nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide facilitate NAD <sup>+</sup> synthesis via enterohepatic circulation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Wang, G., & Pichersky, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pichersky, Eran
- Venue
- The Plant Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-02-07
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1020-1029
- ISSN
- 0960-7412 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-313X
- OpenAlex
- W2158094397
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Plant Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0312466)
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Keywords
- nicotinamidase, NAD+ salvage pathway, NAD biosynthesis, NADPH, Arabidopsis thaliana, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide mononucleotide, salt stress, root growth, enzyme kinetics
- MeSH terms
- NAD, NADP, Nicotinamidase, Niacinamide, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Nicotinic Acids, Gene Expression, Arabidopsis, Plant Roots, Metabolic Networks and Pathways
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