Cited by 252Essential Oils and Antimicrobial ActivityAcne and Rosacea Treatments and EffectsMedicinal Plant Research

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A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology

Pazyar, Nader, Yaghoobi, Reza, Bagherani, Nooshin, Kazerouni, Afshin·2013·International Journal of Dermatology

DOI 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05654.x

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Abstract

Tea tree oil (TTO) is an essential oil, steam‐distilled from the Australian native plant, Melaleuca alternifolia. It has a minimum content of terpinen‐4‐ol and a maximum content of 1, 8‐cineole. Terpinen‐4‐ol is a major TTO component which exhibits strong antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties. Tea tree oil exerts antioxidant activity and has been reported to have broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infections affecting skin and mucosa. Several studies have suggested the uses of TTO for the treatment of acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, and chronic gingivitis. It also accelerates the wound healing process and exhibits anti‐skin cancer activity. This review opens up new horizons for dermatologists in the use of this herbal agent.

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Background
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Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Melaleuca alternifolia: Bridging aboriginal heritage with contemporary science
Ebrahimi, N., Shokouhi, H., Omrani, M., Tavakoli, M. M., Vojdani, A., Carson, C. F., Mehrbod, P., & Ghavami, S. (2026) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2026.130917 · Cited by 2
Biopolymer‐Based Encapsulation Approach: The Effect of Sea Buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Oil Carried by Chitosan on Fish Fillet Quality
Alak, G., Akpınar, E., Kara, A., et al. (2026) · Journal of Food Quality · doi:10.1155/jfq/5493150 · Cited by 2
Formulation by Design: Multiobjective Optimization of a Synergistic Essential Oil Blend with Bioactivities for Skin Healing Applications
Betancur, A. Z., Longas, F. F., & Díaz, A. P. (2026) · Applied Biosciences · doi:10.3390/applbiosci5010018 · Cited by 3
“%) also act as radical scavengers, due to conjugated diene systems [86].”
Chapter 51: Natural Products
McQueen, C. E., & Orr, K. K. (2017) · The American Pharmacists Association eBooks · doi:10.21019/9781582122656.ch51 · Cited by 2
Optimation of Emulgel Combination of Tea Tree Oil and Lavender Oil: Evaluation and Antibacterial Study
Chasanah, U., Nurwiyanti, A., Miftakhurrohmah, A. S., et al. (2023) · KnE Medicine · doi:10.18502/kme.v3i2.13087 · Cited by 2
“The commercial tea tree oil has a minimum content of 30% terpinene-4-ol and a maximum 15% content of 1,8-cineole [6].”
Background
Comparison of tea tree oil 5%, tea tree oil 10%, and nystatin inhibition zones against vaginal Candida isolates in pregnancy
Ervianti, E., Damayanti, D., Purnamasari, I., Astari, L., Prasetyo, B., Endraswari, P. D., Utomo, B., Fitriani, E. W., Indramaya, D. M., Listiawan, M. Y., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries · doi:10.3855/jidc.16761 · Cited by 3
“A similar study by Nelson et al. reported that C. glabrata was the most common cause of VVC in pregnant women [16].”
Result
An Investigation into the Effectiveness of Green Betel (Piper betle L.) Leaf Extract Hand Sanitizer
Yahya, D. A., Permatasari, I., & Ma’mun, S. (2023) · BERKALA SAINSTEK · doi:10.19184/bst.v11i2.39190 · Cited by 2
“…natrium metabisulfit dapat berfungsi sebagai pengawet yang memiliki kemampuan sebagai antimikroba [27], sedangkan tea tree essential oil dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antiinflamasi yang mampu mengatasi infeksi dan mengandung antioksidan yang dapat meminimalisir terjadinya kanker kulit [25] dan [29].”
Background
İnsan Sağlığında Koruyucu Yaklaşımlar
Yücel, H., Özgöbek, H. R., Toptaner, N. E., Kolcu, M., Korkmaz, N., Ünveren, Y., Aracı, A., Uzlaşır, S., Sari, M. E., KILINÇ, H. E., et al. (2022) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.944 · Cited by 3
Unveiling the phyto-restorative potential of ethereal distillates for atopic dermatitis: an advanced therapeutic approach
Babbar, R., Sharma, P., Arora, R., Sharma, T., Garg, M., Singh, S., Kumar, S., & Sindhu, R. K. (2024) · Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1515/jcim-2024-0103 · Cited by 2
“Consequently, oil is exclusively involved and utilized in the therapeutic or prophylactic regimen of eczema to avoid the occurrence of numerous pathological instances [45].”
Unlocking Skin Barriers: Applications and Properties of Natural Permeation Enhancers
Singh, S., Mazumder, R., PADHI, S., Mishra, R., & Kumar, V. (2024) · Journal of Natural Remedies · doi:10.18311/jnr/2024/45113 · Cited by 2
Plant-derived alginate cryogel: a promising biomaterial for wound healing and hemostatic applications
Varlık, S., Bayrak, G., Öztürk, S., et al. (2025) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s00289-025-05756-w · Cited by 2
“TTO contains various terpenes and terpenoids, such as terpinen-4-ol, γ-terpinene, and α-terpinene, each exhibiting different volatilities and solubilities that influence their release rates [19–23].”
Influential
Exploring the potential of herbal bioactives to treat acne: A perspective review
Dhiwar, P., Satapathy, T., Sahu, A. K., & Patel, N. T. (2025) · Pharmacological Research - Natural Products · doi:10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100260 · Cited by 2
Practical survey on the use of herbal medicine by patients with systemic sclerosis
Blaise, S., Garcin, F., Seinturier, C., et al. (2025) · Vascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.vasdi.2025.05.002 · Cited by 2
Correlação entre os componentes químicos e propriedades terapêuticas dos óleos essenciais na diminuição de sintomas clínicos em cada sistema do corpo humano / Correlation between chemical components and therapeutic properties of essential oils in the reduction of clinical symptoms in each system of the human body
Mendes, C. C. R., Monteiro, A. M. G., Toledo, A. S., et al. (2022) · Brazilian Journal of Health Review · doi:10.34119/bjhrv5n1-063 · Cited by 2
ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF TEA TREE, CLOVE, BASIL AND THYME ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST BACTERIAL ISOLATES OF BOVINE WOUNDS
Leghari, F., Kamboh, A. A., Leghari, R. A., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences · doi:10.36899/japs.2021.5.0327 · Cited by 2
“It has been adopted as the active constituent in many current preparations used against the skin infections and controlling the acne, herpes, lice, dandruff and other cutaneous infections (Pazyar et al., 2013).”
Background
The swimmer's otitis. An up to date and prevention options
Caramia, G., Serafini, V., & Loggi, A. (2013) · La Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica · doi:10.4081/pmc.2013.38 · Cited by 2
Pharmacologic treatment of seborrheic dermatitis
Hur, M. S., & Lee, Y. W. (2017) · Journal of Korean Medical Association · doi:10.5124/jkma.2017.60.5.409 · Cited by 2
“또한 항산화효 과 및 항염효과가 확인되어 여드름과 지루피부염 등에 치료 제로 사용되고 있다[16].”
Óleo de melaleuca para o tratamento da acne: as evidências da literatura
Gonelli, T., Pilon, T. P. F., & Chiari‐Andréo, B. G. (2018) · Revista Brasileira Multidisciplinar · doi:10.25061/2527-2675/rebram/2018.v21i3.570 · Cited by 2
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against positive coagulase Staphylococcus isolated from External Canine Otitis cases
Martini, M. C. A. D., Suthovski, G., Catarina, A. S., et al. (2021) · Revista Agraria Academica · doi:10.32406/v4n2/2021/43-52/agrariacad · Cited by 2
Therapeutic Potential of Tea Tree Oil for Tungiasis
Abrha, S., Tesfaye, W. H., & Thomas, J. (2021) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.21-0427 · Cited by 2
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF ALLIUM SCORODOPRASUM L. ETHANOLIC EXTRACT (ASE) IN MICE
Eki̇ci̇, M., Güngör, H., Demir, T., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences · doi:10.36899/japs.2022.5.0529 · Cited by 2
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Asz‐Sigall, D., & Tosti, A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21555-2_12 · Cited by 2
BIODEGRADABLE SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE MEMBRANES CONTAINING MELALEUCA ESSENTIAL OILS FOR WOUND CARE MATERIAL
Soares, S. H., Peixoto, H., Prudêncio, E. R., et al. (2022) · Química Nova · doi:10.21577/0100-4042.20170903 · Cited by 2
The Effect of Natural Essential Oil Depigmenting Agent for Alternative Treatment of Melasma
Wijayadi, L. J., & Kelvin, K. (2023) · Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.22146/jfps.6131 · Cited by 2
Formulation and Evaluation of Charcoal Based Herbal Peel Off Mask
Bushair., P., P, M. S. K., Nishad., K. M., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research · doi:10.47583/ijpsrr.2023.v81i02.014 · Cited by 2
The healing effect of topical tea tree oil on pressure ulcers in a rat model
Oran, N. T., Alan, N., Akokay, P., Büyükçoban, S., & Ergür, B. U. (2023) · Journal of Wound Care · doi:10.12968/jowc.2023.32.3.xiv · Cited by 1
In vitro Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis inhibitory activity determination of essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia: Insights from molecular docking of principal bioactive components, ADMET, PASS and wet lab validation
Chuhan, A., & Sharma, A. D. (2024) · Ecological Frontiers · doi:10.1016/j.ecofro.2024.06.005 · Cited by 1
Pharmacological Uses of New Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants
Sarkar, B., Biswas, P., Adhikari, S., Roy, D., Behera, B. K., Madhu, N. R., & Erfani, H. (2025) · doi:10.52756/bhstiid.2025.e02.011 · Cited by 2
Unveiling the Skin Anti-Aging Potential of the Novel Spirulina platensis Extract Elixspir®
Donati, C., Nardone, G. N., Mason, V., Gregorio, E. D., Ragusa, I., Amadio, E., Zampieri, E., Bassetto, R., Gandin, V., & Zanatta, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262311372 · Cited by 1
“Mechanistic studies performed both in cell and rat models showed that its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities are consistent with the ability to regulate the ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and I κ B signaling pathways [31,32].”
Volatile oils as natural approach during pandemics: therapeutic contributions to respiratory health and mechanisms of action as antiviral, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory agents
Mohammed, H. A., Saad, ‏. M., Mohammed, S. A. A., Khan, R. A., Sulaiman, G. M., Almahmoud, S. A., Al‐Saffar, A. Z., Khan, M. M. U., & Ismail, A. (2026) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11101-026-10265-3 · Cited by 1
“For instance, the market primarily uses tea tree oil for its antimicrobial potential (Pazyar et al. 2013), laven-der oil for its anti-anxiety and calming properties (Metu 2021), and eucalyptus oil for its role in supporting the respiratory system (Mohammed et al. 2024a).”
Skin Care Products Used During Radiation Therapy
Yuen, F., & Arron, S. T. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31460-0_4 · Cited by 1
Chapter 51: Natural Products
McQueen, C. E., & Orr, K. K. (2015) · The American Pharmacists Association eBooks · doi:10.21019/9781582122250.ch51 · Cited by 1
The effect of tea tree oil on wound healing in diabetic rats
Sürme, Y., Çürük, G. N., Lekesizcan, A., & Özdamar, S. (2022) · Wound Practice and Research · doi:10.33235/wpr.30.2.91-98 · Cited by 1
Desenvolvimento e avaliação da estabilidade físico-química de formulações fitocosméticas de uso tópico contendo óleo essencial de melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel. Myrtaceae)
LEÃO, J. L. S., Klafke, A. T., & Soares, J. (2022) · Revista Fitos · doi:10.32712/2446-4775.2022.1352 · Cited by 1

Authors: Pazyar, N., Yaghoobi, R., Bagherani, N., & Kazerouni, A.
Affiliations: Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Corresponding author: Pazyar, Nader
ORCID: Pazyar, Nader
Yaghoobi, Reza
Bagherani, Nooshin
Venue: International Journal of Dermatology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2012-09-24
Volume: 52
Issue: 7
Pages: 784-790
ISSN: 0011-9059 (ISSN-L)
1365-4632
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05654.x
OpenAlex: W2016711385
Semantic Scholar: 8af9fc3638195427a56def3e97838ca793b73aea
Cited by: 252
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4
FWCI: 0.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Dermatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
Keywords: tea tree oil, Melaleuca alternifolia, terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, acne, seborrheic dermatitis, chronic gingivitis, wound healing, anticancer activity, herbal medicine, skin infections
MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Humans, Skin Diseases, Tea Tree Oil

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A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology

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