Review: HPA‐axis activity in alcoholism: examples for a gene–environment interaction
Abstract
Genetic and environmental influences are both known to be causal factors in the development and maintenance of substance abuse disorders. This review aims to focus on the contributions of genetic and environmental research to the understanding of alcoholism and how gene-environment interactions result in a variety of addiction phenotypes. Gene-environment interactions have been reviewed by focusing on one of the most relevant environmental risk factors for alcoholism, stress. This is examined in more detail by reviewing the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its genetic and molecular components in this disorder. Recent evidence from animal and human studies have shown that the effects of stress on alcohol drinking are mediated by core HPA axis genes and are associated with genetic variations in those genes. The findings of the studies discussed here suggest that the collaborations of neuroscience, psychobiology and molecular genetics provide a promising framework to elucidate the exact mechanisms of gene-environment interactions as seen to convene upon the HPA axis and effect phenotypes of addiction.
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Substance dependence is associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
“Abundant research has demonstrated an association between substance dependence and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (Clarke et al., 2008; Koob, 2008; Sinha, 2008).”
From Effects of adverse childhood experiences on the association between intranasal oxytocin and social stress reactivity among individuals with cocaine dependence (2015) · cites this paper as Clarke et al., 2008
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- Authors
- Clarke, T., Treutlein, J., Zimmermann, U. S., Kiefer, F., Skowronek, M. H., Rietschel, M., Mann, K., & Schumann, G.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Central Institute of Mental Health (DE)
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (DE)
- Venue
- Addiction Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-10-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-14
- ISSN
- 1355-6215 (ISSN-L)
- 1369-1600
- OpenAlex
- W2012656447
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Addiction Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- European Commission
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- alcoholism, gene-environment interaction, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, stress, alcohol consumption, genetic variation, substance use disorders, psychobiology, molecular genetics
- MeSH terms
- Alcoholism, Animals, Arousal, Genetic Markers, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Phenotype, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, Genetic Variation, Gene Expression, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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