Beneficial effects of enriched environment on adolescent rats from stressed pregnancies.
Abstract
The capacity of an early environmental intervention to normalize the behavioural and immunological dysfunctions produced by a stressed pregnancy was investigated. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats underwent three 45-min sessions per day of prenatal restraint stress (PS) on gestation days 11-21, and their offspring were assigned to either an enriched-environment or standard living cages throughout adolescence [postnatal days (pnd) 22-43]. Juvenile rats from stressed pregnancies had a prominent depression of affiliative/playful behaviour and of basal circulating CD4 T lymphocytes, CD8 T lymphocytes and T4/T8 ratio. They also showed increased emotionality and spleen and brain frontal cortex levels of pro-inflammatory interleoukin-1beta (IL-1beta) cytokine. A more marked response to cyclophosphamide (CPA: two 2 mg/kg IP injections) induced immunosuppression was also found in prenatal stressed rats. Enriched housing increased the amount of time adolescent PS rats spent in positive species-typical behaviours (i.e. play behaviour), reduced emotionality and reverted most of immunological alterations. In addition to its effects in PS rats, enriched housing increased anti-inflammatory IL-2 and reduced pro-inflammatory IL-1beta production by activated splenocytes, also producing a marked alleviation of CPA-induced immune depression. In the brain, enriched housing increased IL-1beta values in hypothalamus, while slightly normalizing these values in the frontal cortex from PS rats. This is a f…
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Morley-Fletcher et al. (2003) were able to diminish prenatal stress-induced impairments in social play behavior in rats with physical, but not social, environmental enrichment.
“Notably, Morley-Fletcher et al. (2003) were able to diminish prenatal stress-induced impairments in social play behavior in rats with physical, but not social, environmental enrichment (Laviola et al., 2004).”
From Effects of Maternal Deprivation and Complex Housing on Rat Social Behavior in Adolescence and Adulthood (2018) · cites this paper as Laviola et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Laviola, G., Rea, M., Morley‐Fletcher, S., Di Carlo, S., Bacosi, A., De Simone, R., Bertini, M., & Pacifici, R.
- Affiliations
- Université de Lille (FR)
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1655-1664
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- OpenAlex
- W2023194882
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- environmental enrichment, prenatal restraint stress, adolescent rats, play behavior, emotionality, T cell subsets, CD4/CD8 ratio, IL-1β, interleukin-2, cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression, hypothalamus, frontal cortex, immune dysregulation
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Corticosterone, Cyclophosphamide, Environment, Controlled, Exploratory Behavior, Female, Immunosuppressive Agents, Interpersonal Relations, Leukocyte Count, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Restraint, Physical, Stress, Physiological, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cytokines, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Rats
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