Cited by 144Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumStress Responses and CortisolNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

Critical age windows for neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders: evidence from animal models

Marco, Eva M., Macrì, Simone, Laviola, Giovanni·2011·Neurotoxicity Research

Abstract

A disruption in normal brain development has been hypothesized to contribute to the aetiology of major psychiatric disorders. According to the 'double-hit' hypothesis, mutant genes-based deviations, associated with specific environmental insults during brain development, may result in neurobehavioural disturbances. The existence of age windows of vulnerability to environmental conditions during brain maturation will be discussed, using as examples a series of studies we have performed during the last years. Major deviations from normative neurobehavioural trajectories have been reported in animal models following exposure to severe stress (either episodes of maternal separation, deprivation or corticosterone supplementation) early in infancy. Rodent models of difficult and/or stressful pregnancies, including obstetric complications (e.g. prenatal restrain stress or neonatal hypoxia) and gestational exposure to infection (e.g prenatal immune challenge), have been associated with profound long-lasting deficits in the offspring's emotional and social behaviour, and with immune and endocrine changes. More recently, adolescence, characterized by elevated rates of brain plasticity, has emerged as an additional period during which sensitivity to environmental influence (either adverse or stimulatory) is maximal. We have reported that both pharmacological (methylphenidate) and environmental (physical or social enrichment) interventions can be used to counteract the detrimental effects of earlier-origin developmental insults. Present findings indicate that these age periods (i.e. prenatal stage, early infancy and adolescence) do represent critical windows open to plastic changes and might be susceptible to both adverse and supportive shaping environmental forces. Taken together, age-related neuroplasticity might be considered not only as a risk factor for psychopathology but also as a potent mechanism for compensation. A better understanding of these critical periods of brain development is a concern for public health and may provide new insights into prevention strategies and into novel therapeutic approaches in neuropsychiatry.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s12640-010-9205-z

Cites

260 of 260 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Adolescence is a critical period for social interaction and the emergence of psychiatric diseases.

    “Indeed, adolescence is a critical period for not only social interaction (Larsen and Luna, 2018; ) but also the emergence of psychiatric diseases (Orben et al., 2020; Marco et al., 2011), and social isolation during adolescence can exacerbate mental health problems (Larsen and Luna, 2018; Almeida et al., 2021; ; Graf et al., 2021; Andersen, 2021).”

    From Oxytocin neurons mediate the effect of social isolation via the VTA circuits (2022) · cites this paper as Marco et al., 2011

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Marco, E. M., Macrì, S., & Laviola, G.
Affiliations
Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
Venue
Neurotoxicity Research
Published
2010-07-07
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
286-307
ISSN
  • 1029-8428 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-3524
OpenAlex
W2111063637
Cited by
144
References
260
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
FWCI
1.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Neurotoxicity Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
double-hit hypothesis, prenatal stress, maternal separation, corticosterone, prenatal hypoxia, prenatal immune challenge, pregnancy complications, methylphenidate, social enrichment, neuroplasticity
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Animals, Mental Disorders, Critical Period, Psychological, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, Evidence-Based Medicine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review