Effect of Phase of Menstrual Cycle on Insulin Sensitivity, Peripheral Blood Flow and Cardiovascular Responses to Hyperinsulinaemia in Young Women with Type 1 Diabetes
Abstract
Disturbances of blood glucose control around the time of menstruation are often reported by women with Type 1 diabetes. To investigate the possibility that such changes may be due to alterations in insulin sensitivity or peripheral blood flow we have studied 9 women with Type 1 diabetes during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the glucose clamp technique with insulin doses of 40 (low dose) and 100 (high dose) mU m-2 min-1. Glucose disposal rates were 2.5 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SE) mg kg-1 min-1 during the follicular phase and 3.2 +/- 0.3 mg kg-1 min-1 in the luteal phase with low dose insulin, and 5.9 +/- 0.4 and 6.4 +/- 0.6 mg kg-1 min-1, respectively, with high dose insulin. These differences were not statistically significant. Forearm blood flow, heart rate, and blood pressure were similar during both phases.
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The literature on the relationship between the menstrual cycle and insulin sensitivity/glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes is discordant.
“However, the literature in this field is discordant, and the pathophysiological mechanism underlying IS changes observed during different phases of the MC remains still unclear [12,13,14].”
From Menstrual Cycle, Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review.
“We included 14 studies published between 1990 and 2022, with sample sizes from 4 to 124 patients.”
From Menstrual Cycle, Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
It is unclear whether fluctuations of other hormones (such as GH, steroids and androgens) over the menstrual cycle are related to variability in glucose control.
“Finally, it is still unclear whether fluctuations of other hormones (such as GH, steroids and androgens) over the MC are related to the variability in glucose control [13,16].”
From Menstrual Cycle, Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
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Menstrual Cycle, Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
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“[16] F (days 6–9) and L (days 20–23) Dates of menses Clamp NA Direct parameter Yes No No No Not SS differences in IS in L vs.”
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- Authors
- Macdonald, I. A., Scott, A. R., Bowman, C. A., & Jeffcoate, W. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Nottingham City Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Scott, A.R.
- Venue
- Diabetic Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1990-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57-62
- ISSN
- 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5491
- OpenAlex
- W2009262985
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, menstrual cycle, insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia, glucose disposal, peripheral blood flow, follicular phase, luteal phase, cardiovascular response, young women, glucose clamp
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Forearm, Glycerol, Heart Rate, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hydroxybutyrates, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin, Lactates, Menstrual Cycle, Muscles, Norepinephrine, Regional Blood Flow, Growth Hormone, Glucose Clamp Technique, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
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