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Dietary fibre and the gut microbiota
Open accessAbstract
Summary The complex human colonic microbiota plays a key role in gut health, and both the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota are strongly diet related. Controlled dietary intake studies in obese individuals demonstrated that consumption of low‐carbohydrate diets results in low faecal butyrate concentrations together with a low abundance of the major butyrate‐producing bacteria,Roseburia spp. and Eubacterium rectale group. Resistant dietary carbohydrates, including pre‐biotics, escape digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and are fermented to short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by bacteria in the colon. The main SCFAs formed are acetate, propionate and butyrate. Model colonic fermentor systems employed to determine which bacterial groups utilise specific substrates indicated that the bacterial composition and production of SCFAs is substrate dependent. The bacterial colonisers of specific substrates were identified using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Sequences recovered from bran were most closely related to Roseburia spp.,E. rectale and Clostridium hathewayi, while on resistant starch, sequences were most closely related to Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Differing intakes of dietary carbohydrate also impact on other factors in the colon such as transit and pH. In continuous fermentor systems, a slightly acidic pH (5.5) representative of the proximal colon gave fourfold higher butyrate concentrations than at the higher pH of 6.5, which is more representative of the distal colon.Bacteroidetes dominated the fermentor at pH 6.5, while the major butyrate‐producing bacterial groups competed more effectively for carbohydrate substrates when the pH was mildly acidic (5.5). In in vitro studies in which pH values were even lower, pH 5.2, lactate and acetate accumulated. In contrast, lactate was not detected at pH 6.4 although stable isotope studies revealed that lactate was actively produced. Lactate accumulation at low pH appears to be as a result of the loss of lactate‐utilising bacteria including Eubacterium hallii. It is clear that the composition of the colonic microbiota and the balance of its metabolic products is strongly influenced by diet and, in particular, by the intake of resistant carbohydrates and dietary fibre.
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“The gut microbiota can metabolize dietary fibers that humans are otherwise unable to digest [15].”
From Role of the gut microbiota in nutrient competition and protection against intestinal pathogen colonization (2023) · cites this paper as [15]
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“In the large intestine, the gut microbiota breaks down undigested fibers, such as resistant starch, cellulose, inulin and pectin, utilizing these nutrients as carbon sources to support their growth [15].”
From Role of the gut microbiota in nutrient competition and protection against intestinal pathogen colonization (2023) · cites this paper as [15]
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Revealing the Bacterial Butyrate Synthesis Pathways by Analyzing (Meta)genomic Data
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Links between diet, gut microbiota composition and gut metabolism
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Self-citationThe effects of vegetarian and vegan diets on gut microbiota
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Metadata
- Authors
- Scott, K. P., Duncan, S. H., & Flint, H. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Scott, K. P.
- Venue
- Nutrition Bulletin
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-08-13
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 201-211
- ISSN
- 1467-3010 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-9827
- OpenAlex
- W2030602327
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nutrition Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Scottish Government
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Keywords
- dietary fiber, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, butyrate, colonic fermentation, resistant starch, prebiotics, low-carbohydrate diet, obesity, colonic pH, lactate, Roseburia, Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Ruminococcus bromii, Bacteroidetes, Eubacterium hallii
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