The DOI matches its Crossref record; 97 of the 97 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The significance of insecure and disorganized attachment for children's internalizing symptoms: a meta-analytic study
Abstract
This meta-analytic review examines the association between attachment and internalizing symptomatology during childhood, and compares the strength of this association with that for externalizing symptomatology. Based on 42 independent samples (N = 4,614), the association between insecurity and internalizing symptoms was small, yet significant (d = 0.15, CI 0.06∼0.25) and not moderated by assessment age of internalizing problems. Avoidance, but not resistance (d = 0.03, CI −0.11∼0.17) or disorganization (d = 0.08, CI −0.06∼0.22), was significantly associated with internalizing symptoms (d = 0.17, CI 0.03∼0.31). Insecurity and disorganization were more strongly associated with externalizing than internalizing symptoms. Discussion focuses on the significance of attachment for the development of internalizing versus externalizing symptomatology.
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“Meta-analyses have shown that, in general, children with insecure and disorganized attachment have greater risk for concurrent and later internalizing and externalizing difficulties (Fearon et al. 2010, Groh et al. 2012) and psychiatric disorders in adulthood (Raby et al. 2018).”
From Child Sexual Abuse as a Unique Risk Factor for the Development of Psychopathology: The Compounded Convergence of Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as Groh et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“Based on a meta-analysis of attachment studies primarily concerned with samples examined in infancy and early childhood, including both community and clinical samples, Groh and colleagues (Groh, Roisman, van IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Fearon, 2012) reported small but significant associations between attachment insecurity and internalizing problems, with avoidant patterns most closely”
From Prospective Relations between Family Conflict and Adolescent Maladjustment: Security in the Family System as a Mediating Process (2015) · cites this paper as Groh, Roisman, van IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Fearon, 2012
In the citing paper
“They also reported that attachment insecurity was more strongly associated with externalizing than internalizing symptoms (see also Groh et al., 2012).”
From Prospective Relations between Family Conflict and Adolescent Maladjustment: Security in the Family System as a Mediating Process (2015) · cites this paper as Groh et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“These types of attachment have commonly been linked to a catalogue of internalizing and externalizing behaviours (Colennessi et al. 2014;Groh et al. 2012;Jinyao et al. 2012).”
From The effects of paternal depression on child and adolescent outcomes: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as Groh et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“In its absence, neurodevelopment may be undermined, making that person more vulnerable to further environmental insults and subsequent development of both internalizing [36] and externalizing [37] behavioral problems, including anxiety, depression, substance misuse, maladaptive eating patterns, sexual risk behavior, and suicidality.”
From Prevention and early intervention in youth mental health: is it time for a multidisciplinary and trans-diagnostic model for care? (2020) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Parental sensitivity is important for a range of child outcomes, including the formation of a secure attachment relationship between infants and their parents, social competence, regulatory capacities, and lower stress levels (e.g. [22–28]).”
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“First, the relationship between attachment in childhood and developmental outcomes is less strong than may be expected from some traditional assumptions within attachment theory (Fearon et al. 2010, Groh et al. 2012, Madigan et al. 2013).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Groh, A. M., Roisman, G. I., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Fearon, R. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- University of Leiden
- University of Reading
- Corresponding author
- Groh, Ashley M
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-03-01
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 591-610
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- OpenAlex
- W2118748762
- Semantic Scholar
- 1aaa3cc6768aac1af795b29740f57ac8c88a734e
- Cited by
- 638
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- insecure attachment, disorganized attachment, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, childhood, attachment avoidance, child psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Defense Mechanisms, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Personality Assessment, Personality Disorders, Social Behavior Disorders, Somatoform Disorders, Statistics as Topic, Reactive Attachment Disorder
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