Cited by 331Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsBehavioral Health and InterventionsNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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Toward a Physiology of Dual-Process Reasoning and Judgment: Lemonade, Willpower, and Expensive Rule-Based Analysis

Masicampo, E.J., Baumeister, Roy F.·2008·Psychological Science

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02077.x

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Abstract

This experiment used the attraction effect to test the hypothesis that ingestion of sugar can reduce reliance on intuitive, heuristic-based decision making. In the attraction effect, a difficult choice between two options is swayed by the presence of a seemingly irrelevant “decoy” option. We replicated this effect and the finding that the effect increases when people have depleted their mental resources performing a previous self-control task. Our hypothesis was based on the assumption that effortful processes require and consume relatively large amounts of glucose (brain fuel), and that this use of glucose is why people use heuristic strategies after exerting self-control. Before performing any tasks, some participants drank lemonade sweetened with sugar, which restores blood glucose, whereas others drank lemonade containing a sugar substitute. Only lemonade with sugar reduced the attraction effect. These results show one way in which the body (blood glucose) interacts with the mind (self-control and reliance on heuristics).

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Authors: Masicampo, E. J., & Baumeister, R. F.
Affiliations: Florida State University (US)
Corresponding author: Masicampo, E.J.
ORCID: Masicampo, E.J.
Baumeister, Roy F.
Venue: Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2008-03
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Pages: 255-260
ISSN: 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
1467-9280
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02077.x
OpenAlex: W2168592337
Cited by: 331
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 10.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: attraction effect, decoy effect, self-control, blood glucose, sugar consumption, heuristic decision making, intuitive judgment, rule-based analysis
MeSH terms: Adult, Association, Attention, Beverages, Blood Glucose, Brain, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Interpersonal Relations, Judgment, Logic, Male, Motivation, Problem Solving, Set, Psychology, Intuition

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Toward a Physiology of Dual-Process Reasoning and Judgment: Lemonade, Willpower, and Expensive Rule-Based Analysis

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