The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toward a Physiology of Dual-Process Reasoning and Judgment: Lemonade, Willpower, and Expensive Rule-Based Analysis
Abstract
This experiment used the attraction effect to test the hypothesis that ingestion of sugar can reduce reliance on intuitive, heuristic-based decision making. In the attraction effect, a difficult choice between two options is swayed by the presence of a seemingly irrelevant “decoy” option. We replicated this effect and the finding that the effect increases when people have depleted their mental resources performing a previous self-control task. Our hypothesis was based on the assumption that effortful processes require and consume relatively large amounts of glucose (brain fuel), and that this use of glucose is why people use heuristic strategies after exerting self-control. Before performing any tasks, some participants drank lemonade sweetened with sugar, which restores blood glucose, whereas others drank lemonade containing a sugar substitute. Only lemonade with sugar reduced the attraction effect. These results show one way in which the body (blood glucose) interacts with the mind (self-control and reliance on heuristics).
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“These experiments have also reported that increasing environmental volatility induces a monotonic phase transition from memory-based to memoryless estimation strategies [29].”
From Theoretical Analysis of Resource-Induced Phase Transitions in Estimation Strategies (2026) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“This nonmonotonic phase transition is also observed in recent human experiments [29].”
From Theoretical Analysis of Resource-Induced Phase Transitions in Estimation Strategies (2026) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“The observed nonmonotonicity qualitatively agrees with recent experimental results [29], such that memory-based estimation is optimal only when sensory uncertainty is moderate.”
From Theoretical Analysis of Resource-Induced Phase Transitions in Estimation Strategies (2026) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Similar nonmonotonic transitions have been reported by recent human experiments [29].”
From Theoretical Analysis of Resource-Induced Phase Transitions in Estimation Strategies (2026) · cites this paper as [29]
Citations
Cites
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Judgment under uncertainty: Causality and attribution
Kahneman, D. J., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982) · Cited by 4,670
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Sloman, S. A. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.1.3 · Cited by 3,942
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“Alternative models of reasoning have characterized System 2 processes primarily as logical (De Neys, 2006; Epstein, 1994) or based on the application of rules (Sloman, 1996).”
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- 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1252 · DOI · Paper page
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Ego depletion and the strength model of self-control: a meta-analysis
Hagger, M. S., Wood, C., Stiff, C., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0019486 · Cited by 2,265
“Four studies reporting five separate effect sizes were included in the analysis (DeWall et al., 2008; Gailliot, Baumeister, et al., 2007; Gailliot et al., 2009; Masicampo & Baumeister, 2008).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialExecutive functions and self-regulation
Hofmann, W., Schmeichel, B. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.01.006 · Cited by 1,965
Impulse and Self-Control From a Dual-Systems Perspective
Hofmann, W., Friese, M., & Strack, F. (2009) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01116.x · Cited by 1,487
An opportunity cost model of subjective effort and task performance
Kurzban, R., Duckworth, A., Kable, J. W., & Myers, J. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12003196 · Cited by 1,381
“Our interest ranges broadly, from tasks such as the Stroop (Webb & Sheeran 2003) to math problems (Arai 1912) and complex decision making (Masicampo & Baumeister 2008; Vohs et al. 2008).”
Why do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory
Mercier, H., & Sperber, D. (2011) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x10000968 · Cited by 2,254
Metadata
- Authors
- Masicampo, E. J., & Baumeister, R. F.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Masicampo, E.J.
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 255-260
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2168592337
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 10.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attraction effect, decoy effect, self-control, blood glucose, sugar consumption, heuristic decision making, intuitive judgment, rule-based analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Association, Attention, Beverages, Blood Glucose, Brain, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Interpersonal Relations, Judgment, Logic, Male, Motivation, Problem Solving, Set, Psychology, Intuition
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