The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Counteracting Loneliness: On the Restorative Function of Nostalgia
Open accessAbstract
Four studies tested whether nostalgia can counteract reductions in perceived social support caused by loneliness. Loneliness reduced perceptions of social support but increased nostalgia. Nostalgia, in turn, increased perceptions of social support. Thus, loneliness affected perceived social support in two distinct ways. Whereas the direct effect of loneliness was to reduce perceived social support, the indirect effect of loneliness was to increase perceived social support via nostalgia. This restorative function of nostalgia was particularly apparent among resilient persons. Nostalgia is a psychological resource that protects and fosters mental health.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In turn, nostalgia counteracts these aversive states.”
From The mnemonic mover: Nostalgia regulates avoidance and approach motivation (2014) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“There is growing evidence that aversive stimuli trigger nostalgia.”
From The mnemonic mover: Nostalgia regulates avoidance and approach motivation (2014) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Studies in which researchers have experimentally induced loneliness [28,12] and belongingness deficits [29] have confirmed that social disconnectedness leads to nostalgia.”
From Nostalgia: An impactful social emotion (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Congruent with the notion that social disconnectedness leads to nostalgia because nostalgia has the capacity to restore connectedness, nostalgia induced by loneliness predicts increased perceptions of social support [28].”
From Nostalgia: An impactful social emotion (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Some of the above fi ndings have been replicated in Eastern cultures. For example, nostalgia is triggered by loneliness (Zhou et al., 2008, 2021), food (Zhou et al., 2019), and cold temperatures (Zhou et al., 2012) in China, as well as by adverts in China (Zhou et al., 2012) and Japan (Kusumi et al., 2010).”
From Nostalgia across cultures (2022) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Lonely participants reported feeling nostalgic but also lacking in social support. Nostalgia, in turn, was linked to stronger social support, thus countering the negative impact of loneliness.”
From Nostalgia across cultures (2022) · cites this paper as Zhou et al. (2008)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Loneliness was positively related to nostalgia. However, loneliness was also linked to lack of social support. Finally, nostalgia was positively associated with social support, thus counteracting the negative in fl uence of loneliness.”
From Nostalgia across cultures (2022) · cites this paper as Zhou et al. (2008)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“nostalgia is experienced not only among adults of all ages (in UK and US samples; Hepper, Robertson, et al., 2014;Routledge et al., 2011) but also among older children and teenagers (in Chinese samples; Zhou et al., 2008).”
From To Nostalgize (2015) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Chinese undergraduates who brought to mind a nostalgic (vs.ordinary) event manifested stronger perceptions of social support.”
From To Nostalgize (2015) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Lonely participants perceived little social support, but they were also prone to nostalgia.”
From To Nostalgize (2015) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2008, Study 1
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In turn, nostalgia augmented their perceptions of social support, thereby countering the negative impact of loneliness.”
From To Nostalgize (2015) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2008, Study 1
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“social connectedness (i.e., a sense of acceptance, inclusion, and belongingness; Wildschut, Sedikides, Routledge, Arndt, & Cordaro, 2010;Zhou, Sedikides, Wildschut, & Gao, 2008)”
From Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications (2015) · cites this paper as Zhou, Sedikides, Wildschut, & Gao, 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nostalgia, in turn, predicted increased perceived social support.”
From The mnemonic mover: Nostalgia regulates avoidance and approach motivation (2014) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Zhou et al. (2008, Study 2) found, for instance, that a loneliness induction decreased perceived social support.”
From The mnemonic mover: Nostalgia regulates avoidance and approach motivation (2014) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nostalgia, then, counteracted the negative effect of loneliness on perceived social support.”
From The mnemonic mover: Nostalgia regulates avoidance and approach motivation (2014) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“At the same time, the loneliness induction increased nostalgia.”
From The mnemonic mover: Nostalgia regulates avoidance and approach motivation (2014) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2 · Cited by 13,339
Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, and Prescriptions
Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273170701341316 · Cited by 9,973
A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.1.83 · Cited by 9,406
Bonanno, G. A. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.1.20 · Cited by 6,851
Journal of social behavior and personality
(1986) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(86)90025-5 · Cited by 6,751
UCLA loneliness scale (version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure
Russell, D. W. (1996) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2 · Cited by 5,800
The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472 · Cited by 5,173
Equivalence of the Mediation, Confounding and Suppression Effect
MacKinnon, D. P., Krull, J. L., & Lockwood, C. M. (2000) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1023/a:1026595011371 · Cited by 4,188
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale.
Wagnild, G. M., & Young, H. M. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 3,697
When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated.
Müller, D., Judd, C. M., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.852 · Cited by 3,435
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Cacioppo J.T., 2005, The social outcast: Ostracism, social exclusion, rejection, and bullying, 91
- Sedikides C., 2006, Affect in social thinking and behavior: Frontiers in social psychology, 197
- Sedikides C., Problems and solutions in cross-cultural theory, research and application
- Wagnild G.M., 1993, Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1, 165
- Wildschut T., Stephan E., Sedikides C., Routledge C., Arndt J. (2008, February). Feeling happy and sad at the same time: Nostalgia informs models of affect . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Albuquerque, NM.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Perceived social isolation and cognition
Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005 · Cited by 2,144
Music-evoked nostalgia: Affect, memory, and personality
Barrett, F. S., Grimm, K. J., Robins, R. W., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., & Janata, P. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0019006 · Cited by 547
Self-citationOdyssey's end: Lay conceptions of nostalgia reflect its original Homeric meaning
Hepper, E. G., Ritchie, T. D., Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0025167 · Cited by 467
Self-citationThe past makes the present meaningful: Nostalgia as an existential resource
Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Hart, C. M., Juhl, J., Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M., & Schlotz, W. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024292 · Cited by 463
Self-citationSedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Hepper, E. G., & Zhou, X. (2015) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2014.10.001 · Cited by 348
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhou, X., Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., & Gao, D.-G.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1023-1029
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2112062218
- Cited by
- 468
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 11.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Nostalgia and Consumer Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- nostalgia, loneliness, perceived social support, resilience, mental health, psychological resources
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Affect, Child, Female, Humans, Individuality, Interpersonal Relations, Life Change Events, Loneliness, Male, Motivation, Personality Inventory, Mental Recall, Social Perception, Social Support, Resilience, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
