Cited by 1,631Virtual Reality Applications and ImpactsFlow Experience in Various FieldsSocial Robot Interaction and HRI

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Presence, Explicated

Lee, Kwan Min·2004·Communication Theory

DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2004.tb00302.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This article reviews previous literature on presence, with a particular focus on its conceptualization and typologies. It first compares various types of presence-related terms (e.g., telepresence, virtual presence, mediated presence, copresence, and presence) and suggests that of those terms the term presence works best for the systematic study of human interaction with media and simulation technologies. After an extensive explication process, presence is newly defined as “a psychological state in which virtual objects are experienced as actual objects in either sensory or nonsensory ways.” Three types of presence—physical, social, and self presence—are defined based on the general definition of presence and the corresponding domains of human experience. Finally, implications of the current explication to the study of presence are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2004.tb00302.x

Cites

50 of 50 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925
Self-efficacy: the exercise of control
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1826 · Cited by 24,451
Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man
Levine, S., & McLuhan, M. (1964) · American Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2711172 · Cited by 12,221
The Computer for the 21st Century
Weiser, M. (1991) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0991-94 · Cited by 10,017
Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire
Witmer, B. G., & Singer, M. J. (1998) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/105474698565686 · Cited by 6,371
Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet
Turkle, S. (1997) · Cited by 6,340
Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence
Steuer, J. (1992) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x · Cited by 5,459
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-3702 · Cited by 4,872
Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to Computers
Nass, C., & Moon, Y. (2000) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00153 · Cited by 4,022
The social psychology of telecommunications
Gray, G. (1977) · Telecommunications Policy · doi:10.1016/0308-5961(77)90016-7 · Cited by 3,486

Show all 51 references

Research works printed but not linked: 26

10.1037//0033-295X.84.2.191 · DOI · Paper page
Baron R. A., 2001, Psychology
Biocca F., 1995, Communication in the age of virtual reality, 3
Chaffee S., 1991, Explication
Coleridge S. T., 1847, Biographia literaria, Vol. II
Ditton T. B., 1997, The unintentional blending of direct experience and mediated experience: The role of enhanced versus limited television presentations
Dreyfus H. L., 1992, Being-in-the-world
10.1037//0003-066X.46.2.107 · DOI
Heidegger M., 1977, Basic writings, 284
Holland N., 2003, PsyART, 7
Ijsselsteijn W. A., 2000, Presence: Concept, determinants and measurement
Kim T., 1997, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3
Klein L. R., 1999, Creating virtual experiences in the new media
Laurel B., 1993, Computers as theatre
Lee K. M., 2000, Educational Media International, 37, 171
Lee K. M., 2002, Can multiple computer voices manifest multiple human sources?: The effect of multiple synthetic voices on persuasion in e-commerce
Lee K. M., 2003, What is presence and why it occurs
Lombard M., 1997, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3
Lombard M., 2000, Human Communication Research, 26, 75
Minsky M., 1980, Omni, 2, 45
Palmer M. T., 1995, Communication in the age of virtual reality, 277
Reeves B., 1991, "Being there": Television as symbolic versus natural experience
Rheingold H., 1991, Virtual reality
10.1037//0033-295X.94.4.439 · DOI
Tamborini R., 2000, The experience of telepresence in violent video games
Wiley N., 2000, Interdisciplinary Journal for Germanic Linguistics and Semiotic Analysis, 5, 93

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,001

A Unified Model of Game Design, Through the Lens of User Experience
de Wit, J. (2021) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3411763.3451778 · Cited by 9
The Game of Video Game Objects
Juul, J. (2021) · Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play · doi:10.1145/3450337.3483449 · Cited by 8
Beieinander an getrennten Orten
Burow, J. F. (2022) · Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG eBooks · doi:10.5771/9783748931317 · Cited by 9
To social with social distance: a case study on a VR-enabled graduation celebration amidst the pandemic
Xu, X. (2022) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-022-00646-2 · Cited by 7
Effect of Social Actors Perceived Agency on Social Presence in Computer-Mediated Communication
Poinsot, K., Gorisse, G., Olivier Christmann, C., Fleury, S., & Richir, S. (2022) · Advances in Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1155/2022/9632119 · Cited by 10
Am I Like Me? Avatar Self-similarity and Satisfaction in a Professional Training Environment
Pröbster, M., Tomaske-Graff, R.-D., Herget, D., Lucht, M., & Marsden, N. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34411-4_26 · Cited by 8
“I Feel Like I’m in a Box”: Contrasting Virtual Reality “Imaginaries” in the Context of Academic Innovation Labs
Lucia, B., Vetter, M. A., & Solberg, D. (2023) · Technical Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10572252.2023.2245442 · Cited by 8
EEG-Based Error Detection Can Challenge Human Reaction Time in a VR Navigation Task
Wimmer, M., Weidinger, N., ElSayed, N., Müller-Putz, G., & Veas, E. E. (2023) · Proceedings - International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, ISMAR · doi:10.1109/ismar59233.2023.00113 · Cited by 9
Aesthetic emotions in a mixed reality gastrosonic experience: an exploratory study
Mesz, B. A., Sakdavong, J.-C., Silén, S., & Hopia, A. (2023) · Digital Creativity · doi:10.1080/14626268.2023.2287189 · Cited by 9
Exploration of exocentric perspective interfaces for virtual reality collaborative tasks
Chen, L., Long, J., Shi, R., Li, Z., Yue, Y., Yu, L., & Liang, H. (2024) · Displays · doi:10.1016/j.displa.2024.102781 · Cited by 8
Sensory and Perceptual Consistency for Believable Response in Action Feedback Loop
Gao, B., Kim, J., & Kim, H. S. (2018) · Computer Graphics International · doi:10.1145/3208159.3208171 · Cited by 8
La Realidad Virtual en la Creación Artística: Conceptos, Tecnologías, Trayectoria y Actualidad
Simó, Á. (2019) · Arte y Políticas de Identidad · doi:10.6018/reapi.389521 · Cited by 8
Who Are You Online?
Dunn, R. A., & Guadagno, R. E. (2019) · International Journal of Cyber Behavior Psychology and Learning · doi:10.4018/ijcbpl.2019070102 · Cited by 10
Spielbasiertes Marketing
Klein, K., & Eppmann, R. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-31563-4_25 · Cited by 8
Using an Embodiment Technique in Psychological Experiments with Virtual Reality: A Scoping Review of the Embodiment Configurations and their Scientific Purpose
Furlan, M., & Spagnolli, A. (2021) · The Open Psychology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874350102114010204 · Cited by 12
Evaluation of User Experiences in an Immersive Role Play for Cross-Institutional and Cross-National Virtual Collaborative Learning in Hospitality Management
Arnold, M., Jung, S., Fischer, H., Philippe, S., Radelet, V., Chevallier, P.-C., Efstathiou, A., Boukas, N., & Sourouklis, C. (2022) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93904-5_60 · Cited by 8
Spatial auditory presentation of a partner’s presence induces the social Simon effect
Kiridoshi, A., Otani, M., & Teramoto, W. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-09628-5 · Cited by 8
Using Socially Assistive Human–Robot Interaction to Motivate Physical Exercise for Older Adults1
Fasola, J., & Matarić, M. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800881-2.00022-0 · Cited by 9
Research on prosocial screen and immersive media effects: a systematic literature review
Canet, F., & Pérez-Escolar, M. (2022) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.2022.2130810 · Cited by 10
Stretching immersion in virtual reality: How glitches reveal aspects of presence, interactivity and plausibility
Bengtsson, L. R., & Couvering, E. V. (2022) · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/13548565221129530 · Cited by 8
A Longitudinal Study of Use of an Interactive Health Communication System
Han, J. Y. (2011) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2011.578334 · Cited by 10
The choices people make: the types of buddy icons people select for self-presentation online
Nowak, K. L., & Gomes, S. B. (2013) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-013-0501-z · Cited by 8
Effect of virtual reality exposure and aural stimuli on eye contact, directional focus, and focus of attention of novice wind band conductors
Orman, E. K. (2016) · International Journal of Music Education · doi:10.1177/0255761415619058 · Cited by 9
“I Want to See People’s Reactions to the Selfies”: A Lefebvrian Analysis of the Impact of Social Networking Sites on Physical, Mental, and Emotional Functioning
Harkin, B., Yates, A., Riach, M., Clowes, A., Cole, S., & Cummings, C. (2021) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439321994222 · Cited by 9
Can direct address affect user engagement with chatbots embodied in physical spaces?
Candello, H. C. D. S. P., Pinhanez, C. S., Pichiliani, M. C., Vasconcelos, M., & Conde, H. (2019) · ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI) · doi:10.1145/3342775.3342787 · Cited by 8
Presence Theory
Lombard, M., Lee, S., Sun, W., Xu, K., & Yang, H. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0087 · Cited by 8
An Examination of the Conceptual Structure of Long-Term Goal Striving
Lam, K. K. L., & Zhou, M. (2021) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672211016190 · Cited by 7
Ethermal - Lightweight Thermal Feedback for VR Games
Plijnaer, B. A., Wallner, G., & Bernhaupt, R. (2022) · IEEE Conference on Games (CoG) · doi:10.1109/cog51982.2022.9893627 · Cited by 7
Evaluating how extended reality delivery device and preservice teacher major impact presence in immersive learning environments
Gandolfi, E., Ferdig, R. E., & Kosko, K. W. (2024) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.13446 · Cited by 7
How does ice-snow celebrity influence Chinese tourists to visit Nordic destinations? The case of TikTok
Zhu, C. Z. G., Hall, C. M., Fong, L. H. N., She, S., & Koupaei, S. N. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism · doi:10.1080/15022250.2024.2343283 · Cited by 7
A conceptual ethical framework to preserve natural human presence in the use of AI systems in education
Isop, W. (2025) · Frontiers Artif. Intell. · doi:10.3389/frai.2024.1377938 · Cited by 8
Investigating the effects of embodiment on presence and perception in remote physician video consultations: a between-participants study comparing a tablet and a telepresence robot
Schulz, D., Unbehaun, D., & Doernbach, T. (2025) · i-com · doi:10.1515/icom-2024-0045 · Cited by 7
A Concept at Work: A Review of Motivations, Operationalizations, and Conclusions in VR Research about Presence
Xiao, C., Yu, D., Hornbæk, K., & Bergström, J. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714279 · Cited by 7
Consumers' Responses to Placed Brands in 360° Video: The Impacts of Perceived Control and Presence, Moderated by Immersion
Pavlič, J., Kožuh, I., & Tomažič, T. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.2502 · Cited by 7
The Effects of Social and Spatial Presence on Learning Engagement in Sustainable E-Learning
Yan, L., & Sun, L. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17094082 · Cited by 7
Exploring the effects of AR presence and personal norms on museum visitor pro-environmental behaviour intentions
Zhang, L., Yin, Y., Liu, L., & Yang, S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-11119-2 · Cited by 7
What leads to better immersive experiences? The role of guidance and mobility in virtual reality museums
Vega, E., Camarero, C., Hamari, J., & Nannan, X. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2026.103739 · Cited by 8
Presence Assessment in Virtual Reality: A Systematic Literature Review
de Ocampo, F. O., Hernández-Melgarejo, G., Ramirez-Treviño, A., & Fuentes-Aguilar, R. Q. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16063102 · Cited by 9
A novel quantitative assessment of engagement in virtual reality: Task-unrelated thought is reduced compared to 2D videos.
Kuvar, V., Bailenson, J. N., & Mills, C. (2023) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104959 · Cited by 7
A place where “You can be who you've always wanted to be…” Examining the ethics of intelligent virtual environments
Shanley, D., & Meacham, D. (2024) · Journal of Responsible Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jrt.2024.100085 · Cited by 8
A Sense of Urgency on the Sense of Agency: Challenges in Evaluating Agency and Embodiment in Virtual Reality
You, C., Venkatakrishnan, R., Venkatakrishnan, R., Han, Z., Lok, B. C. L., & Peck, T. C. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456139 · Cited by 7
Individual and professional development in the digital age
Köles, B., & Nagy, P. (2014) · Management Research Review · doi:10.1108/mrr-10-2012-0225 · Cited by 7
No Other Gods Before Mario?: Game Preferences Among Atheistic and Religious Individuals
Burris, C. T., & Redden, E. K. (2012) · International Journal for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1080/10508619.2011.638606 · Cited by 7
I See Myself through My Avatar: Evidence from East Asia and North America for Acculturated Effects on Virtual Representation Preference
Yoon, G., & Vargas, P. T. (2016) · Asiascape Digital Asia · doi:10.1163/22142312-12340049 · Cited by 7
What We Learned from Mediated Embodiment Experiments and Why It Should Matter to Policymakers
Aymerich-Franch, L., & Fosch‐Villaronga, E. (2018) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres_a_00312 · Cited by 8
Musical Relationships: Intersections of Race, Gender, Genre, and Listening Situation
Sonnett, J. (2020) · Cultural Sociology · doi:10.1177/1749975520929240 · Cited by 6
Virtual bodies (avatars) and sport exercises: some important thoughts
Patsantáras, N. (2020) · European Journal for Sport and Society · doi:10.1080/16138171.2020.1792087 · Cited by 8
Mixing realities: reflections on presence and embodiment in intermedial performance design ofBlue Hour VR
Cegys, P., & Weijdom, J. P. (2020) · Theatre & Performance Design · doi:10.1080/23322551.2020.1785710 · Cited by 7
Towards a Common Framework for Mediated Embodiment
Aymerich-Franch, L. (2020) · Digital Psychology · doi:10.24989/dp.v1i2.1824 · Cited by 10
A Subjective and Behavioral Assessment of Affordances in Virtual Architectural Walkthroughs
Hameed, A., & Perkis, A. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11177846 · Cited by 7
Indirect effects of video chat on outcomes of receiving support: Uniting theorizing about supportive communication and computer-mediated communication
Buehler, E. M., & High, A. C. (2022) · Communication monographs · doi:10.1080/03637751.2022.2117393 · Cited by 6
Effects of Digital Avatar on Perceived Social Presence and Co-presence in Business Meetings Between the Managers and Their Co-workers
Yasuoka, M., Zivko, M., Ishiguro, H., Yoshikawa, Y., & Sakai, K. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20218-6_6 · Cited by 7
Virtual Reality in Healthcare: Exploring the Patients’ Behavior through the Lens of Extended Stimulus, Organism, and Response Framework
Kundi, G. M. (2023) · Open Access Public Health and Health Administration Review · doi:10.59644/oapr.1(1).2022.10 · Cited by 7
Mu l tiple embodiment relations: sense-making in dissociative experiences
Preece, C., Rodner, V. L., & Whittaker, L. (2023) · Consumption Markets & Culture · doi:10.1080/10253866.2023.2221635 · Cited by 7
Value Creation of Mobile Services Through Presence: Designing Mobile Information and Entertainment Applications with Presence in Mind
Lee, K. M., Yates, D., Clark, J., & Sawy, O. A. E. (2010) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.19.3.265 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Do 3D Moviegoers Enjoy Screenings More than 2D Moviegoers?—On the Impact of 3D Fantasy Movie Perception on Enjoyment
Sobieraj, S., & Krämer, N. C. (2014) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres_a_00210 · Cited by 7
Technological Factors, User Characteristics and Didactic Strategies in Educational Virtual Environments
Natsis, A., Vrellis, I., Papachristos, N. M., & Mikropoulos, T. A. (2012) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT) · doi:10.1109/icalt.2012.67 · Cited by 7
Impact of an Interactive Anti-Speeding Threat Appeal: How Much Threat Is Too Much?
Panić, K., Cauberghe, V., & Pelsmacker, P. D. (2011) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0303 · Cited by 7
The Enjoyment of Social Q&A Websites Usage
Ji, Q., & Cui, D. (2016) · Bulletin of Science Technology & Society · doi:10.1177/0270467616658744 · Cited by 7
Applying constrained virtual environments to serious games for heritage
Hanes, L., & Stone, R. J. (2019) · International Journal of Serious Games · doi:10.17083/ijsg.v6i1.294 · Cited by 7
Emotional Design and Virtual Reality in Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
Violante, M. G., Marcolin, F., Vezzetti, E., Nonis, F., & Moos, S. (2019) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9271-9_17 · Cited by 7
Towards a Quality Framework for Immersive Media Experiences: A Holistic Approach
Hameed, A., Irshad, S., & Perkis, A. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33894-7_41 · Cited by 7
Visual Delegate Generalization Frame – Evaluating Impact of Visual Effects and Elements on Player and User Experiences in Video Games and Interactive Virtual Environments
Misztal, S., & Schild, J. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3501885 · Cited by 7
A Merchant Virtual Universe as an Innovative Retail Setting
Poncin, I., Garnier, M., & Maille, V. (2015) · Advances in e-business research series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8297-9.ch003 · Cited by 7
Public Acceptance of Fundamental Rights via a Telepresence Robot and a Video Call Stand in South Korea
Bae, I. (2017) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-017-0453-4 · Cited by 7
Virtual Reality for the Treatment of Body Image Disturbances in Eating and Weight Disorders
Riva, G., Gaudio, S., Serino, S., Dakanalis, A., Ferrer‐García, M., & Gutiérrez‐Maldonado, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90817-5_25 · Cited by 9
Review of Virtual Reality Hardware Employed in K-20 Science Education
Hite, R. L., Childers, G. M., & Jones, M. G. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-41981-2_123-1 · Cited by 7
Review of Virtual Reality Hardware Employed in K-20 Science Education
Hite, R. L., Childers, G. M., & Jones, M. G. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2766-7_123 · Cited by 7
Copresence and Its Social-Relational Antecedents in Computer-Mediated Communication: The Case of Instant Messenger
Xu, B., Zhang, W., & Li, D. (2011) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2011.555316 · Cited by 7
People's Intentions to Use Metaverse Technology: Investigating the Role of Gratifications and Perceptions
Zarouali, B. (2024) · PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres_a_00415 · Cited by 6
Does being there still matter after a service failure? The impact of robots’ physical presence on customer satisfaction
Yu, J., Liu, X., & Li, J. (2024) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2024.2376995 · Cited by 6
Pictures in our heads: Politics of space, time, and memory in Polish virtual reality storyworlds
Kazlauskaitė, R. (2024) · Memory Studies · doi:10.1177/17506980241283895 · Cited by 8
Virtual Versus Reality: A Systematic Review of Real-World Built Environment Tasks Performed in CAVEs and a Framework for Performance and Experience Evaluation
Pogmore, A. C., Davies, R. J., & Cooke, N. J. (2024) · Virtual Worlds · doi:10.3390/virtualworlds3040028 · Cited by 7
How your Physical Environment Affects Spatial Presence in Virtual Reality
van Gemert, T., Knibbe, J., & Velloso, E. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714114 · Cited by 6
Designing effective VR experiences for pro-environmental outcomes: Enhancing self-efficacy through mastering solutions
Sungur, H., van Berlo, Z. M. C., Hegyiová, H., & Hartmann, T. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100783 · Cited by 11
Designing and evaluating an immersive VR experience of a historic sailing ship in museum contexts
Vosinakis, S., Koutsabasis, P., Anastassakis, G., Papasalouros, A., & Damianidis, K. (2025) · Computers & Graphics · doi:10.1016/j.cag.2025.104439 · Cited by 6
Virtual humans in virtual reality: a scoping review on sociability, fidelity, and expression
Chandran, J. K. S., Llorens-Salvador, M., & Ennis, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2026.1738000 · Cited by 6
Understanding public perceptions of virtual reality psychological therapy: development of the attitudes towards virtual reality therapy (AVRT) Scale (Preprint)
Bergin, A., Allison, A. M., & Hazell, C. M. (2023) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/48537 · Cited by 8
Can Multi-Sensory Affordance Mitigate the Shortcomings of Metaverse offerings?
Pandey, D., & Mukherjee, S. (2024) · The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/10696679.2024.2404422 · Cited by 7
The Alt-Self: Investigating the Inclusivity of Self-Avatar Representations in Social VR
Javier, M., Wheeler, S., Ni, Q., Drivas, M., Wong, K. G., Fitzsimmons, S., Panda, R., Burke, T., Salazar, S., Jiang, J., et al. (2024) · Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play · doi:10.1145/3665463.3678783 · Cited by 6
Virtual Reality–Based Exposure With 360° Environments for Social Anxiety Disorder: Usability and Feasibility Study
Ernst, M. T., Bouchard, S., Andersen, T. E., Ørskov, P. T., Tarp, K., & Lichtenstein, M. B. (2024) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/55679 · Cited by 9
Individual differences in processing multisensory information predict presence in different virtual reality environments
Glenn, C. P., & Coxon, M. (2024) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-024-01086-w · Cited by 6
Virtual Presence in Immersive Metaverse-enabling Environments: Being There, Being with Another, and Being the Actual Self
Dumeva, P., Ma, Y., Marakas, G. M., & Aguirre-Urreta, M. I. (2024) · AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.17705/1thci.00214 · Cited by 8
Mixed reality training for medical first responders: system evaluation and recommendations
Uhl, J. C., Zechner, O., Baetzner, A. S., Birrenbach, T., Egger-Lampl, S., Schrom-Feiertag, H., & Tscheligi, M. (2025) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-025-01144-x · Cited by 6
Persuasion by Narrative Transportation
Jin, Y., & Yang, S.-S. (2013) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2013.01125 · Cited by 4
Tobacco Content in Video Games: Categorization of Tobacco Imagery and Gamer Recall
Forsyth, S. R., & Malone, R. E. (2017) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntx256 · Cited by 6
Creating a Theatrical Experience on a Virtual Stage
Geigel, J. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76270-8_49 · Cited by 6
Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on perceptions and behaviors of university students in Tunisia
Erragcha, N., Babay, H., Bchir, S., & Saidi, S. (2022) · E-Learning and Digital Media · doi:10.1177/20427530221108462 · Cited by 7
Experiences in Developing and Using a Remote Lab in Teaching Robotics
Bunse, C., & Wieck, T. (2022) · IEEE German Education Conference (GECon) · doi:10.1109/gecon55699.2022.9942749 · Cited by 6
A New Approach to Virtual Reality in History Education: The Digital Oral Histories for Reconciliation Project (DOHR)
Gibson, L., Roberts-Smith, J., Llewellyn, K. R., Llewellyn, J. J., & with the DOHR Team (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10743-6_6 · Cited by 6
Experiential Challenges of and Opportunities for Applying Immersive Technologies with Storytelling
Kukshinov, E. (2021) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres_a_00365 · Cited by 6
Can the V-Commerce be an Influencing Factors Towards Consumer Buying Behaviour
Murugaiah, S., Viswanathan, R., & Jageerkhan, M. N. (2023) · Journal of Law and Sustainable Development · doi:10.55908/sdgs.v11i6.1199 · Cited by 6
Faraway, so Close: Perceptions of the Metaverse on the Edge of Madness
Cruz, M., Oliveira, A., & Pinheiro, A. (2024) · Computers · doi:10.3390/computers13010019 · Cited by 7
What my bias meant for my embodiment: an investigation on virtual embodiment in desktop-based virtual reality
You, C., Peck, T. C., Stuart, J., de Siqueira, A. G., & Lok, B. C. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2024.1251564 · Cited by 8
The illusion of nonmediation in telecommunication: Voice intensity biases distance judgments to a communication partner
Zhang, C., Lakens, D., & IJsselsteijn, W. A. (2015) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.02.011 · Cited by 6
4 A Framework for Interactivity and Presence in Novel Bodies
Riva, G., Waterworth, J., & Murray, D. (2014) · doi:10.2478/9783110409697.4 · Cited by 6
La sensation de présence comme condition nécessaire de la validité comportementale des simulateurs de conduite
Deniaud, C., & Mestre, D. (2015) · Le travail humain · doi:10.3917/th.784.0285 · Cited by 6
Evaluation of Yasmine’s Adventures: Exploring the Socio-Cultural Potential of Location Aware Multimedia Stories
Dionísio, M., Barreto, M. L., Nisi, V., Nunes, N., Hanna, J., Herlo, B., & Schubert, J. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27036-4_24 · Cited by 6
Relational and Masspersonal Maintenance: Romantic Partners' Use of Social Network Websites
Tong, S. T., & Westerman, D. (2016) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2016.284 · Cited by 6
Adaptation and Validation of the Temple Presence Inventory in a Portuguese Population
Vasconcelos-Raposo, J., Bessa, M., Teixeira, C. M., Cabral, L., & Melo, M. (2018) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2018.1454143 · Cited by 6

Authors: Lee, K. M.
Affiliations: University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author: Lee, Kwan Min
Venue: Communication Theory
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2004-02
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 27-50
ISSN: 1050-3293 (ISSN-L)
1468-2885
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2004.tb00302.x
OpenAlex: W4206036760
Cited by: 1,631
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 129 · 2025: 179 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 134 · 2022: 152 · 2021: 164 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 17.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 4230 d)
Locations: Communication Theory (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Keywords: presence, telepresence, virtual presence, mediated presence, co-presence, physical presence, social presence, self-presence, virtual objects, simulation technology

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Presence, Explicated

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks