Cited by 1,631Virtual Reality Applications and ImpactsFlow Experience in Various FieldsSocial Robot Interaction and HRI

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Presence, Explicated

Lee, Kwan Min·2004·Communication Theory

DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2004.tb00302.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This article reviews previous literature on presence, with a particular focus on its conceptualization and typologies. It first compares various types of presence-related terms (e.g., telepresence, virtual presence, mediated presence, copresence, and presence) and suggests that of those terms the term presence works best for the systematic study of human interaction with media and simulation technologies. After an extensive explication process, presence is newly defined as “a psychological state in which virtual objects are experienced as actual objects in either sensory or nonsensory ways.” Three types of presence—physical, social, and self presence—are defined based on the general definition of presence and the corresponding domains of human experience. Finally, implications of the current explication to the study of presence are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2004.tb00302.x

Cites

50 of 50 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925
Self-efficacy: the exercise of control
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1826 · Cited by 24,451
Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man
Levine, S., & McLuhan, M. (1964) · American Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2711172 · Cited by 12,221
The Computer for the 21st Century
Weiser, M. (1991) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0991-94 · Cited by 10,017
Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire
Witmer, B. G., & Singer, M. J. (1998) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/105474698565686 · Cited by 6,371
Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet
Turkle, S. (1997) · Cited by 6,340
Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence
Steuer, J. (1992) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x · Cited by 5,459
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-3702 · Cited by 4,872
Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to Computers
Nass, C., & Moon, Y. (2000) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00153 · Cited by 4,022
The social psychology of telecommunications
Gray, G. (1977) · Telecommunications Policy · doi:10.1016/0308-5961(77)90016-7 · Cited by 3,486

Show all 51 references

Research works printed but not linked: 26

10.1037//0033-295X.84.2.191 · DOI · Paper page
Baron R. A., 2001, Psychology
Biocca F., 1995, Communication in the age of virtual reality, 3
Chaffee S., 1991, Explication
Coleridge S. T., 1847, Biographia literaria, Vol. II
Ditton T. B., 1997, The unintentional blending of direct experience and mediated experience: The role of enhanced versus limited television presentations
Dreyfus H. L., 1992, Being-in-the-world
10.1037//0003-066X.46.2.107 · DOI
Heidegger M., 1977, Basic writings, 284
Holland N., 2003, PsyART, 7
Ijsselsteijn W. A., 2000, Presence: Concept, determinants and measurement
Kim T., 1997, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3
Klein L. R., 1999, Creating virtual experiences in the new media
Laurel B., 1993, Computers as theatre
Lee K. M., 2000, Educational Media International, 37, 171
Lee K. M., 2002, Can multiple computer voices manifest multiple human sources?: The effect of multiple synthetic voices on persuasion in e-commerce
Lee K. M., 2003, What is presence and why it occurs
Lombard M., 1997, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3
Lombard M., 2000, Human Communication Research, 26, 75
Minsky M., 1980, Omni, 2, 45
Palmer M. T., 1995, Communication in the age of virtual reality, 277
Reeves B., 1991, "Being there": Television as symbolic versus natural experience
Rheingold H., 1991, Virtual reality
10.1037//0033-295X.94.4.439 · DOI
Tamborini R., 2000, The experience of telepresence in violent video games
Wiley N., 2000, Interdisciplinary Journal for Germanic Linguistics and Semiotic Analysis, 5, 93

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 1,001

The wizard and I: How transparent teleoperation and self-description (do not) affect children’s robot perceptions and child-robot relationship formation
van Straten, C. L., Peter, J., Kühne, R., & Barco, À. (2021) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01202-3 · Cited by 31
Embodiment and Embodied Cognition
Costa, M. R., Kim, S. Y., & Biocca, F. A. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39405-8_37 · Cited by 30
The Role of Social Presence in Opinion Expression During FtF and CMC Discussions
Cortese, J., & Seo, M. (2012) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824096.2011.639913 · Cited by 33
The effects of egocentric and allocentric representations on presence and perceived realism: Tested in stereoscopic 3D games
Bae, S. W., Lee, H., Park, H., Cho, H., Park, J., & Kim, J. (2012) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/j.intcom.2012.04.009 · Cited by 31
Can Interface Features Affect Aggression Resulting from Violent Video Game Play? An Examination of Realistic Controller and Large Screen Size
Kim, K. J., & Sundar, S. S. (2013) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0500 · Cited by 31
Virtual Reality and the Criminal Justice System: New Possibilities for Research, Training, and Rehabilitation
Ticknor, B., & Tillinghast, S. (2011) · Journal of Virtual Worlds Research · doi:10.4101/jvwr.v4i2.2071 · Cited by 32
Virtual world continuance intention
Hooi, R., & Cho, H. (2017) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2017.06.009 · Cited by 34
Fostering science interests through head‐mounted displays
Andersen, M. S., Klingenberg, S., Petersen, G. B., Creed, P. A., & Makransky, G. (2022) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12749 · Cited by 33
Perceived authenticity of virtual characters makes the difference
Huang, J., & Jung, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.1033709 · Cited by 36
What does the audience care? The effects of travel vlog information quality on travel intention
Zhou, X., Wong, J. W. C., Xie, D., Liang, R., & Huang, L. (2023) · Total Quality Management & Business Excellence · doi:10.1080/14783363.2023.2246908 · Cited by 30
How Social Presence Influences Consumer Well-Being in Live Video Commerce: The Mediating Role of Shopping Enjoyment and the Moderating Role of Familiarity
Huang, Z., Yan, X. B., & Deng, J. (2024) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer19020039 · Cited by 40
Enhancing Spatial Cognition in Online Virtual Museum Environments: Integrating Game-Based Navigation Strategies for Improved User Experience
Zhang, Y., Zhang, B., Jang, W., & Pan, Y. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14104163 · Cited by 33
Five canonical findings from 30 years of psychological experimentation in virtual reality
Bailenson, J. N., DeVeaux, C., Han, E., Markowitz, D. M., Santoso, M., & Wang, P. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02216-3 · Cited by 30
Towards a new understanding of absorbing reading experiences
Kuijpers, M. M., Hakemulder, F., Bálint, K., Doicaru, M. M., & Tan, E. S. (2017) · Linguistic approaches to literature · doi:10.1075/lal.27.03kui · Cited by 31
Longtime Effects of Videoquality, Videocanvases and Displays on Situation Awareness during Teleoperation of Automated Vehicles
Georg, J.-M., Putz, E., & Diermeyer, F. (2020) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283364 · Cited by 30
The sense of presence: lessons from virtual reality
Erickson‐Davis, C., Luhrmann, T., Kurina, L., Weisman, K., Cornman, N., Corwin, A., & Bailenson, J. (2021) · Religion, Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2021.1953573 · Cited by 21
Virtual reality and videogames: immersion, presence, and the performative spatiality of ‘being there’ in virtual worlds
Blackman, T. (2022) · Social & Cultural Geography · doi:10.1080/14649365.2022.2157041 · Cited by 40
Modes of reception for fictional films
Suckfull, M., & Scharkow, M. (2009) · Communications · doi:10.1515/comm.2009.023 · Cited by 32
CASA, WASA, and the dimensions of us
Wiśniewski, P., & Prietula, M. J. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.003 · Cited by 30
A predictive model for understanding the role of emotion for the formation of presence in virtual reality
Jicol, C., Cheng, H. Y., Petrini, K., & O'Neill, E. J. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280390 · Cited by 32
The enjoyment of shooting games: Exploring the role of perceived realism
Daneels, R., Malliet, S., Koeman, J., & Ribbens, W. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.053 · Cited by 29
What Is the Relationship between the Sense of Presence and Learning in Virtual Reality? A 24-Year Systematic Literature Review
Krassmann, A. L., Melo, M., Pinto, D., Peixoto, B., Bessa, M., & Bercht, M. (2019) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres_a_00350 · Cited by 33
Embracing AI-Based Education: Perceived Social Presence of Human Teachers and Expectations About Machine Teachers in Online Education
Kim, J., Merrill, K., Xu, K., & Sellnow, D. D. (2021) · Human-Machine Communication · doi:10.30658/hmc.4.9 · Cited by 29
Virtual reality for geospatial education: immersive technologies enhance sense of embodiment
Bagher, M. M., Sajjadi, P., Wallgrün, J. O., Femina, P. C. L., & Klippel, A. (2022) · Cartography and Geographic Information Science · doi:10.1080/15230406.2022.2122569 · Cited by 33
Testing a theoretical model of trust in human-machine communication: emotional experience and social presence
Lee, S. K., & Sun, J. (2022) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2022.2145998 · Cited by 29
Sounding Out Small Screens and Telepresence
Bracken, C. C., Pettey, G. R., Guha, T., & Rubenking, B. E. (2010) · Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications · doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000017 · Cited by 29
Students as Virtual Scientists: An exploration of students' and teachers' perceived realness of a remote electron microscopy investigation
Childers, G. M., & Jones, M. G. (2015) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2015.1082043 · Cited by 29
Does locality make a difference? Assessing the effectiveness of location-aware narratives
Karapanos, E., Barreto, M. L., Nisi, V., & Niforatos, E. (2012) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/j.intcom.2012.03.005 · Cited by 29
Skepticism Toward Online Advertising
Jamil, R. A., Qayyum, A., & Lodhi, M. S. (2021) · International Journal of Online Marketing · doi:10.4018/ijom.288426 · Cited by 28
Exploring Avatar Selves in the Metaverse: Consumer Co‐Creation of Experiences
Chakraborty, A., Jain, V., & Belk, R. W. (2024) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.2440 · Cited by 32
An Eye for an Eye
Lankes, M., Maurer, B., & Stiglbauer, B. (2016) · International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE) · doi:10.1145/3001773.3001774 · Cited by 28
Empathy with Non-Player Characters? An Empirical approach to the Foundations of Human/Non-Human Relationships
Harth, J. (2017) · Journal of Virtual Worlds Research · doi:10.4101/jvwr.v10i2.7272 · Cited by 31
The role of COVID-19 anxiety and social contact within technology readiness and acceptance model for virtual reality
Özekici, Y. K., & Küçükergi̇n, K. G. (2022) · Journal Of Vacation Marketing · doi:10.1177/13567667221109268 · Cited by 30
The pursuit of trust in ad hoc virtual teams: how much electronic portrayal is too much?
Altschuller, S., & Benbunan‐Fich, R. (2012) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1057/ejis.2012.39 · Cited by 30
Probing with Pokémon: Feeling of presence and sense of community belonging
Kim, J., Merrill, K., & Song, H. (2018) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2018.11.005 · Cited by 28
Does Imposing a Goal Always Improve Exercise Intentions in Avatar-Based Exergames? The Moderating Role of Interdependent Self-Construal on Exercise Intentions and Self-Presence
Jin, S. A. (2010) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0186 · Cited by 28
Evaluating the Impact of XR on User Experience in the Tomato Industrial Museum “D. Nomikos”
Sylaiou, S., Dafiotis, P., Fidas, C. A., Vlachou, E., & Nomikou, V. (2024) · Heritage · doi:10.3390/heritage7030082 · Cited by 27
Social presence and motivation in a three-dimensional virtual world: An explanatory study
Yılmaz, R. M., Topu, F. B., Göktaş, Y., & Çoban, M. (2013) · Australasian Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.14742/ajet.425 · Cited by 27
Disaster News and Subsequent Information Seeking: Exploring the Role of Spatial Presence and Perceptual Realism
Lachlan, K. A., Westerman, D., & Spence, P. R. (2010) · Electronic News · doi:10.1177/1931243110387092 · Cited by 27
The Virtual Threat Effect: A Test of Competing Explanations for the Effects of Racial Stereotyping in Video Games on Players' Cognitions
Behm‐Morawitz, E., Hoffswell, J., & Chen, S. (2016) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2015.0461 · Cited by 27
The relationships between the exploration of virtual space, its presence and entertainment in virtual reality, 360º and 2D
Berros, J. B., & Martínez, M. A. G. (2021) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-021-00510-9 · Cited by 27
Students’ Immersive Experience in Initial Teacher Training in a Virtual World to Promote Sustainable Education: Interactivity, Presence, and Flow
Quintana, M. G. B., & Sandoval-Henríquez, F. J. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132212780 · Cited by 27
Joyful Adventures and Frightening Places–Designing Emotion-Inducing Virtual Environments
Steinhaeusser, S. C., Oberdörfer, S., von Mammen, S., Latoschik, M. E., & Lugrin, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.919163 · Cited by 27
The Effects of Actual Human Size Display and Stereoscopic Presentation on Users' Sense of Being Together with and of Psychological Immersion in a Virtual Character
Ahn, D., Seo, Y., Kim, M., Kwon, J., Jung, Y., Ahn, J., & Lee, D. (2014) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2013.0455 · Cited by 31
Telepresence and Exemplification: Does Spatial Presence Impact Sleeper Effects?
Westerman, D., Spence, P. R., & Lachlan, K. A. (2012) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824096.2012.723272 · Cited by 27
Virtual Reality and Communication
Markowitz, D. M., & Bailenson, J. N. (2019) · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199756841-0222 · Cited by 27
Social Presence as a Moderator of the Effect of Agent Behavior on Emotional Experience in Social Interactions in Virtual Reality
Pfaller, M. A., Kroczek, L. O. H., Lange, B., Fülöp, R., Müller, M., & Mühlberger, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2021.741138 · Cited by 26
Extended reality in language learning: A cognitive affective model of immersive learning perspective
Zhi, Y., & Wu, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1109025 · Cited by 26
Easily applicable social virtual reality and social presence in online higher education during the covid-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Barreda-Ángeles, M., Horneber, S., & Hartmann, T. (2023) · Computers & Education X Reality · doi:10.1016/j.cexr.2023.100024 · Cited by 32
The Effect of Haptic Prediction Accuracy on Presence
Gall, D., & Latoschik, M. E. (2018) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) · doi:10.1109/vr.2018.8446153 · Cited by 27
Virtual game Changers: how avatars and virtual coaches influence exergame outcomes through enactive and vicarious learning
Li, B. J., Ratan, R., & Lwin, M. O. (2021) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2021.1884290 · Cited by 26
Using electrophysiological measures to evaluate the sense of presence in immersive virtual environments: An event‐related potential study
Grassini, S., Laumann, K., Thorp, S. O., & Topranin, V. D. M. (2021) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2269 · Cited by 26
Catch me if you can: effects of AR-enhanced presence on the mobile game experience
Park, J., & Ko, D.-W. (2021) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-10-2020-0557 · Cited by 26
Learning in metaverse: the immersive atelier model of the architecture studio
Sopher, H., & Lescop, L. (2023) · Archnet-IJAR · doi:10.1108/arch-10-2022-0213 · Cited by 17
Online customer service and emotional labor: An exploratory study
Ishii, K., & Markman, K. M. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.037 · Cited by 26
A Mixed Reality neighborhood tour: Understanding visitor experience and perceptions
Nisi, V., Dionísio, M., Barreto, M. L., & Nunes, N. (2018) · Entertainment Computing · doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2018.04.002 · Cited by 26
Educating avatars: on virtual worlds and pedagogical intent
Wang, T.-J. (2011) · Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13562517.2011.570433 · Cited by 27
New Directions in Virtual Reality-Based Therapy for Anxiety Disorders
David, D., Matu, S.-A., & David, O. A. (2013) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2013.6.2.114 · Cited by 25
Technology-Based Methods for Training Counseling Skills in Behavioral Health: a Scoping Review
Magill, M., Mastroleo, N. R., & Martino, S. (2022) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-022-00252-8 · Cited by 27
Source orientation, anthropomorphism, and social presence in human-chatbot communication: how to proceed with these concepts
van der Goot, M. J. (2022) · Publizistik · doi:10.1007/s11616-022-00760-w · Cited by 28
Augmented Reality in Sport Marketing
Goebert, C. (2020) · Sports Innovation Journal · doi:10.18060/24227 · Cited by 29
Investigating the importance of social presence on intentions to adopt an AI romantic partner
Kim, J., Merrill, K., & Collins, C. (2023) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824096.2022.2159800 · Cited by 24
Learning about Victims of Holocaust in Virtual Reality: The Main, Mediating and Moderating Effects of Technology, Instructional Method, Flow, Presence, and Prior Knowledge
Mulders, M. (2023) · Multimodal Technologies and Interaction · doi:10.3390/mti7030028 · Cited by 28
Conveying information effectively in a virtual world: Insights from synthesized task closure and media richness
Tan, W., Tan, C., & Teo, H. (2012) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.22600 · Cited by 25
Sick Moves! Motion Parameters as Indicators of Simulator Sickness
Feigl, T., Roth, D., Gradl, S., Wirth, M., Latoschik, M. E., Eskofier, B. M., Philippsen, M., & Mutschler, C. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2019.2932224 · Cited by 25
Determinants of presence in 3D virtual worlds: A structural equation modelling analysis
Chow, M. C. M. (2016) · Australasian Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.14742/ajet.1939 · Cited by 25
A Study of the Key Factors Influencing Young Users’ Continued Use of the Digital Twin-Enhanced Metaverse Museum
Wu, R., Gao, L., Lee, H., Xu, J., & Pan, Y. (2024) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics13122303 · Cited by 28
Decoding millennials and generation Z consumers' brand behaviors in the Metaverse: The relationships among avatar identification, self‐presence, and psychological dynamics
Kim, M., Oh, H. J., Choi, J. H., & Jung, Y. (2024) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.2405 · Cited by 24
Chatbot Anthropomorphism, Social Presence, Uncanniness and Brand Attitude Effects
Hill, S. R., & Troshani, I. (2024) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.2024.2423187 · Cited by 30
Assessing the impact and development of immersive VR technology in education: Insights from telepresence, emotion, and cognition
Liu, J., Ang, M. C., Chaw, J. K., Kor, A.-L., Ng, K. W., & Lam, M. C. (2025) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124024 · Cited by 28
A Whole-Hearted Effort to Get It Half Right: Predicting the Future of Communication Technology Scholarship
Scott, C. R. (2009) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01467.x · Cited by 24
Where the eyes meet: Lessons learned from shared gaze-based interactions in cooperative and competitive online games
Maurer, B., Lankes, M., & Tscheligi, M. (2018) · Entertainment Computing · doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2018.02.009 · Cited by 24
Can Liking, Commenting, and Sharing Enhance Persuasion? The Interaction Effect between Modality Interactivity and Agency Affordances on Smokers’ Quitting Intentions
Oh, J., Kang, H., Sudarshan, S., & Lee, J. A. (2019) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2019.1654172 · Cited by 24
Immersion, Flow and Usability in video games
Leroy, R. (2021) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3411763.3451514 · Cited by 26
I Know It Is Not Real (And That Matters) Media Awareness vs. Presence in a Parallel Processing Account of the VR Experience
Hartmann, T., & Höfer, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.694048 · Cited by 24
Testing the validity of immersive eating environments against laboratory and real life settings
Colla, K., Keast, R., Mohebbi, M., Russell, C. G., & Liem, D. G. (2022) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104717 · Cited by 28
Can sharing with others whom consumers Can't see increase their sense of community? An examination of social presence on sharing platforms
Woo, H., Shin, D., Kim, N., Tong, Z., & Kwon, S. (2024) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103614 · Cited by 21
Will the experience of playing a violent role in a video game influence people’s judgments of violent crimes?
Lee, K. M., Peng, W., & Klein, J. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.002 · Cited by 24
Self-citation
Effects of 3D Virtual Haptics Force Feedback on Brand Personality Perception: The Mediating Role of Physical Presence in Advergames
Jin, S. A. (2010) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0098 · Cited by 24
We’re All in This (Game) Together
Kahn, A. S., & Williams, D. C. (2015) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650215617504 · Cited by 24
The Effects of Presence Induced by Smartphone Applications on Tourism: Application to Cultural Heritage Attractions
Lee, K., Lee, H. R., & Ham, S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03973-2_5 · Cited by 24
Self-citation
Seeing possibilities for action: Orienting and exploratory behaviors in VR
Lee, J., Eden, A., Roskos‐Ewoldsen, D. R., Beyea, D., & Lee, S. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.040 · Cited by 23
Enhanced Self-Perception in Mixed Reality: Egocentric Arm Segmentation and Database With Automatic Labeling
González-Sosa, E., Pérez, P., Tolosana, R., Kachach, R., & Villegas, Á. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3013016 · Cited by 23
Taking ‘A walk through dementia’: exploring care home practitioners’ experiences of using a virtual reality tool to support dementia awareness
Hicks, B., Konovalova, I., Myers, K., Falconer, L., & Michèle Board (2021) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x21000994 · Cited by 22
Digital healthcare retail: role of presence in creating patients' experience
Sreejesh, S., Sarkar, J. G., & Sarkar, A. (2021) · International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management · doi:10.1108/ijrdm-12-2020-0514 · Cited by 23
Interaction Design Patterns for Augmented Reality Fitting Rooms
Battistoni, P., Gregorio, M. D., Romano, M., Sebillo, M., Vitiello, G., & Brancaccio, A. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22030982 · Cited by 23
Experiencing herd immunity in virtual reality increases COVID-19 vaccination intention: Evidence from a large-scale field intervention study
Plechatá, A., Vandeweerdt, C., Atchapero, M., Luong, T., Holz, C., Betsch, C., Dietermann, B., Schultka, Y., BOHM, R. M., & Makransky, G. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107533 · Cited by 28
How Attachment and Community Identification Affect User Stickiness in Social Commerce: A Consumer Engagement Experience Perspective
Gao, X., Yee, C. L., & Choo, W. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142013633 · Cited by 27
Media as Powerful Coping Tools to Recover from Social Exclusion Experiences? A Systematic Review on Need Restoration and Emotion Regulation through Using Media
Lutz, S., Schneider, F. M., & Reich, S. (2022) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2022.2147085 · Cited by 32
The cuter, the better? The impact of cuteness on intention to purchase AI voice assistants: A moderated serial-mediation model
Yu, X., Xu, Z., Song, Y., & Liu, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1036848 · Cited by 25
Fintech Agents: Technologies and Theories
Pal, A., Gopi, S., & Lee, K. M. (2023) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics12153301 · Cited by 28
Self-citation
The pleasure of being (there?): an explorative study into the effects of presence and identification on the enjoyment of an interactive theatrical performance using omnidirectional video
Decock, J., LOOY, J. V., Bleumers, L., & Bekaert, P. (2013) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-013-0487-6 · Cited by 23
Technical Perspectives on Theory in Screen-Based Virtual Reality Environments
Ausburn, L. J., & Ausburn, F. B. (2014) · Advances in Developing Human Resources · doi:10.1177/1523422314532125 · Cited by 23
Anthropomorphic responses to new-to-market logos
Payne, C. R., Hyman, M. R., Niculescu, M., & Huhmann, B. A. (2013) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2013.770413 · Cited by 23
The Attribute of Realness and the Internal Organization of Perceptual Reality
Mausfeld, R. J. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118329016.ch3 · Cited by 23
Media Equation Theory
Lee, K. M. (2008) · The International Encyclopedia of Communication · doi:10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecm035 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Framing fraught topics through tangible multi-display engagement with live news
Ullmer, B., Tregre, B., & McClay, M. (2017) · ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays (PerDis) · doi:10.1145/3078810.3078832 · Cited by 22
Designing an age-friendly conversational AI agent for mobile banking: the effects of voice modality and lip movement
Kim, D., & Song, H. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103262 · Cited by 22
SANAL GERÇEKLİK TEMELLİ ÖĞRENME ORTAMLARINDA BULUNUŞLUK HİSSİNİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: BULUNUŞLUK ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE’YE UYARLANMASI
Gökoğlu, S., & Çakıroğlu, Ü. (2019) · Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama · doi:10.17943/etku.441497 · Cited by 22
Social TV Viewing : The Effect of Virtual Co-Viewers and the Role of Social Presence
Song, H., Kim, J., & Choi, Y. (2019) · Journal of Digital Contents Society · doi:10.9728/dcs.2019.20.8.1543 · Cited by 22

Authors: Lee, K. M.
Affiliations: University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author: Lee, Kwan Min
Venue: Communication Theory
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2004-02
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 27-50
ISSN: 1050-3293 (ISSN-L)
1468-2885
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2004.tb00302.x
OpenAlex: W4206036760
Cited by: 1,631
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 129 · 2025: 179 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 134 · 2022: 152 · 2021: 164 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 17.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 4230 d)
Locations: Communication Theory (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Keywords: presence, telepresence, virtual presence, mediated presence, co-presence, physical presence, social presence, self-presence, virtual objects, simulation technology

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Presence, Explicated

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks