The course of neuropsychological functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from late childhood to early adolescence
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate the course of performance in attentional tasks in children with ADHD and normal controls in late childhood and preadolescence over short periods of time. The development of two dimensions of attention was compared: alertness/arousal and inhibitory control. METHOD: Children with ADHD (N=28) and normal controls (N=25) were examined at three times: at baseline (age mean=10.8 years, SD=1.5), after one year (age mean=12.0 years, SD=1.6), and after 2.6 years (age mean=13.3 years, SD=1.6). They performed two tasks of a computerized battery for attentional performance: Alertness--a test of simple reaction time to visual stimuli contrasting a condition with and without auditory warning signal, and Incompatibility--a test of spatial interference/inhibitory control. Clinical diagnosis according to DSM-III-R criteria was established at time 1 and time 3 by structured diagnostic interviews. RESULTS: In the Alertness task significant group differences regarding increased reaction time variability in ADHD, but not for reaction time itself, were found at time 1 and more pronounced at time 2. At time 3 group differences had disappeared. In the Incompatibility task group differences in number of errors were not observed at time 1, whereas children with ADHD made significantly more errors at time 2 and less pronounced at time 3. The degree of clinical symptom remission after 2.6 years was not related to changes in neuropsychological performance. CONCLUSION: When measuring attentional functions, the selection of an appropriate time window seems to be essential for the detection of group differences between ADHD children and controls, because group differences are most pronounced before adolescence. The different developmental course of selective components of attention should be taken into account.
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- Authors
- Drechsler, R., Brandeis, D., Földényi, M., Imhof, K., & Steinhausen, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Drechsler, Renate
- ORCID
- Drechsler, Renate
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-03-08
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 824-836
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2097779604
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Brandeis University
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, attention development, alertness, arousal, inhibitory control, reaction time variability, spatial interference, symptom remission, late childhood, longitudinal follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Severity of Illness Index, Disease Progression
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