Primate ecology and social organization
Abstract
Estimates of body weight, group size, home range size, day range length, socionomic sex ratio and sexual dimorphism are compared between 100 primate species, allocated to seven ecological categories. As would be predicted on energetic grounds, home range size and day range length are positively related to group weight and are greater in frugivores than in folivores; population density is negatively related to body weight; and group size is positively related to body weight. The adaptive significance of Variation in body size, sexual dimorphism and socionomic sex ratio is also discussed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The fact that species cannot be considered independent data points was first recognized in the 1970s by evolutionary biologists studying the evolution of life history traits such as sexual dimorphism and home range in primates.
“The fact that species cannot be considered independent data points was first recognized in the 1970s by evolutionary biologists studying the evolution of life history traits such as sexual dimorphism and home range in primates16,18,30–32.”
From A phylogenetic approach to comparative genomics (2025) · cites this paper as [30]
Cites
On the Evolution of Mating Systems in Birds and Mammals
Orians, G. H. (1969) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/282628 · Cited by 1,511 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lovejoy, C. O. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.211.4480.341 · Cited by 1,396 · see citing works
The socioecology of elephants: analysis of the processes creating multitiered social structures
Wittemyer, G., Douglas-Hamilton, I., & Getz, W. M. (2005) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.08.018 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Clutton‐Brock, T. H., & Harvey, P. H. (1980) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1980.tb01430.x · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Self-citationKeverne, E. B., Martensz, N. D., & Tuite, B. (1989) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(89)90065-6 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
ANDERSSON, M., & NORBERG, R. Å. (1981) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1981.tb00752.x · Cited by 368 · see citing works
The symbolic self in evolutionary context
Sedikides, C., & Skowronski, J. J. (1997) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0101_6 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Systematics and body size: implications for feeding adaptations in New World monkeys.
Ford, S. M., & Davis, L. C. (1992) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330880403 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
A hierarchical pattern of limiting factors helps explain variation in home range size
Mcloughlin, P. D., & Ferguson, S. H. (2000) · Écoscience · doi:10.1080/11956860.2000.11682580 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Primate brain architecture and selection in relation to sex
Lindenfors, P., Nunn, C. L., & Barton, R. A. (2007) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/1741-7007-5-20 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Great ranging associated with greater reproductive investment in mammals.
Pontzer, H., & Kamilar, J. M. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0806105106 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A phylogenetic approach to comparative genomics
Dewar, A. E., Belcher, L. J., & West, S. A. (2025) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-024-00803-0 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A Guided Tour of Phylogenetic Comparative Methods for Studying Trait Evolution
Cornwallis, C. K., & Griffin, A. S. (2024) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102221-050754 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Lefebvre, L. (2012) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53860-4.00019-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ramesh, T., Sankar, K., Qureshi, Q., & Kalle, R. (2012) · Mammal Study · doi:10.3106/041.037.0106 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Clutton‐Brock, T. H., & Harvey, P. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- ORCID
- Harvey, Paul H.
- Venue
- Journal of Zoology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1977-09
- Volume
- 183
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-39
- ISSN
- 0952-8369 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7998
- OpenAlex
- W2111082447
- Cited by
- 978
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 19.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Zoology (publishedVersion)
- RCIN (Digital Repository of the Scientifics Institutes) (Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- primate ecology, primate social organization, body weight, group size, home range size, sexual dimorphism, population density, frugivory, folivory, body size variation, energetic constraints
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review