Cited by 149Memory and Neural MechanismsStress Responses and CortisolHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control

An alternative scoring method for skin conductance responding in a differential fear conditioning paradigm with a long-duration conditioned stimulus

Open access
Pineles, Suzanne L., Orr, Matthew R., Orr, Scott P.·2009·Psychophysiology

Abstract

Researchers examining skin conductance (SC) as a measure of aversive conditioning commonly separate the SC response into two components when the CS-UCS interval is sufficiently long. This convention drew from early theorists who described these components, the first- and second-interval responses, as measuring orienting and conditional responses, respectively. The present report critically examines this scoring method through a literature review and a secondary data analysis of a large-scale study of police and firefighter trainees that used a differential aversive conditioning procedure (n=287). The task included habituation, acquisition, and extinction phases, with colored circles as the CSs and shocks as the UCS. Results do not support the convention of separating the SC response into first- and second-interval responses. It is recommended that SC response scores be derived from data obtained across the entire CS-UCS interval.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00852.x

Cites

81 of 81 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Öhman A Bohlin G 1973 Magnitude and habituation of the orienting reaction as predictors of discriminative electrodermal conditioning Journal of Experimental Research in Personality 6 293 299
  2. Packer JS Clark BM Bond NW Siddle DA 1991 Conditioning with facial expression of emotion: A comparison of aversive and non-aversive unconditioned stimuli Journal of Psychophysiology 5 79 88
  3. Spielberger CD Gorsuch RL Lushene RE 1990 Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (self evaluation questionnaire) Palo Alto, CA Consulting Psychologists Press

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Pineles, S. L., Orr, M. R., & Orr, S. P.
Affiliations
  • Boston University (US)
  • University of Alabama in Huntsville (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Orr, Scott P.
Venue
Psychophysiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-09
Volume
46
Issue
5
Pages
984-995
ISSN
  • 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8986
OpenAlex
W1992253412
Cited by
149
References
78
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 13
FWCI
3.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060315, R01-MH60315)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Keywords
skin conductance, differential fear conditioning, aversive conditioning, orienting response, conditioned response, shock aversion
MeSH terms
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Conditioning, Psychological, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Humans, Male, Reference Standards, Police

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review