Monocarboxylate transporters in the central nervous system: distribution, regulation and function
Open accessAbstract
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are proton‐linked membrane carriers involved in the transport of monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, as well as ketone bodies. They belong to a larger family of transporters composed of 14 members in mammals based on sequence homologies. MCTs are found in various tissues including the brain where three isoforms, MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4, have been described. Each of these isoforms exhibits a distinct regional and cellular distribution in rodent brain. At the cellular level, MCT1 is expressed by endothelial cells of microvessels, by ependymocytes as well as by astrocytes. MCT4 expression appears to be specific for astrocytes. By contrast, the predominant neuronal monocarboxylate transporter is MCT2. Interestingly, part of MCT2 immunoreactivity is located at postsynaptic sites, suggesting a particular role of monocarboxylates and their transporters in synaptic transmission. In addition to variation in expression during development and upon nutritional modifications, new data indicate that MCT expression is regulated at the translational level by neurotransmitters. Understanding how transport of monocarboxylates is regulated could be of particular importance not only for neuroenergetics but also for areas such as functional brain imaging, regulation of food intake and glucose homeostasis, or for central nervous system disorders such as ischaemia and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Brain ketone body uptake is mediated by monocarboxylic acid transporters (MCTs).
“Brain ketone body uptake is mediated by the monocarboxylic acid transporters (MCTs; Pierre and Pellerin, 2005), and the metabolism of ketone bodies occurs exclusively in the mitochondria.”
From Human ApoE Isoforms Differentially Modulate Brain Glucose and Ketone Body Metabolism: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Risk Reduction and Early Intervention (2018) · cites this paper as Pierre and Pellerin, 2005
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- Authors
- Pierre, K., & Pellerin, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Pellerin, Luc
- ORCID
- Pellerin, Luc
- Venue
- Journal of Neurochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-06-10
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-14
- ISSN
- 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-4159
- OpenAlex
- W1976143339
- Cited by
- 744
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 2.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Keywords
- monocarboxylate transporters, MCT1, MCT2, MCT4, lactate transport, pyruvate transport, ketone bodies, astrocytes, ependymal cells, microvascular endothelial cells, synaptic transmission, translational regulation, neurotransmitters, brain energy metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, glucose homeostasis, food intake regulation, neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters
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