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Microglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration

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Large-scale proteomic analysis of Alzheimer’s disease brain and cerebrospinal fluid reveals early changes in energy metabolism associated with microglia and astrocyte activation

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TREM2 Binds to Apolipoproteins, Including APOE and CLU/APOJ, and Thereby Facilitates Uptake of Amyloid-Beta by Microglia

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Microglia polarization from M1 to M2 in neurodegenerative diseases

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A Breakdown in Metabolic Reprogramming Causes Microglia Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease

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Restoring metabolism of myeloid cells reverses cognitive decline in ageing

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Microglia: Same same, but different

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A TREM2-activating antibody with a blood-brain barrier transport vehicle enhances microglial metabolism in Alzheimer's disease models.

Endert, P. V., & Mauvais, F. (2023) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.742491914.793597512 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Effect of Tau Protein on Mitochondrial Functions

Epremyan, K. K., Goleva, T. N., & Zvyagilskaya, R. A. (2022) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297922080028 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 in Brain Diseases and Cancers

Sun, Y., Sun, J., He, Z., Wang, G., Wang, Y., Zhao, D., Wang, Z., Luo, C., Tian, C., & Jiang, Q. (2019) · Current Drug Metabolism · doi:10.2174/1389200220666191021103018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Isoamericanin A improves lipopolysaccharide ‐induced memory impairment in mice through suppression of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateoxidase‐dependent nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway

Yang, Y., Chen, R., Che, Y., Yao, X., Fang, M., Wang, Y., Zhou, D., Li, N., & Hou, Y. (2023) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.7858 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Energy Metabolism and Brain Aging: Strategies to Delay Neuronal Degeneration

Na, D., Zhang, Z., Meng, M., Li, M., Gao, J., Kong, J., Zhang, G., & Guo, Y. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-025-01555-z · Cited by 42 · see citing works

The dual role of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease: from immune regulation to pathological progression

He, C., Chen, B., Yang, H., & Zhou, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2025.1554398 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Erjingpill bionic cerebrospinal fluid alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells by inhibiting glycolysis via mTOR

Wang, S., Wu, L., Xie, Y., Ge, S., Wu, Y., Chen, L., Yi, L., Yang, J., Duan, F., & Huang, L. (2024) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2024.118412 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Zebrafish as a model organism to study sporadic Alzheimer's disease: Behavioural, biochemical and histological validation

Dhiman, N., Deshwal, S., Rishi, V., Singhal, N. K., & Sandhir, R. (2024) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.115034 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Glycolytic reprogramming during microglial polarization in neurological diseases

Li, X., Fang, C., Li, Y., Xiong, X., Xu, X., & Gu, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1648887 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Decoding Microglial Polarization and Metabolic Reprogramming in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications for Disease Progression and Therapy

Gao, R., Gao, Y., Su, W., & Wang, R. (2025) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2024.1629 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Microglial Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms and Therapies

Erdağ, E., & Haskologlu, I. C. (2025) · Journal of dementia and Alzheimer's disease · doi:10.3390/jdad2030029 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

HIV-TAT dysregulates microglial lipid metabolism through SREBP2/miR-124 axis: Implication of lipid droplet accumulation microglia in NeuroHIV

Cheng, Y., Jung, J., Guo, L., Shuboni-Mulligan, D. D., Chen, J.-F., Hu, W., & Guo, M.-L. (2025) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.011 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Beyond diabetes and obesity: GLP ‐1 receptor agonists in disrupting the vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction and neuroinflammation

Spezani, R., & Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda, C. A. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70400 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Immunometabolism Reframes Alzheimer’s Disease: From Systemic Dysmetabolism to Glial Rewiring

Bach, D., & Nguyen, L. L. (2026) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-026-01691-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Metabolic Flexibility of Microglia: Energy Substrate Utilization and Impact on Neuronal Metabolism

Westi, E. W., Carlsen, R. B., Andersen, J. V., Kilic, Z., Alnajar, D., Holmgaard, N. K., Sintes, B. G., Cota-Coronado, A., Muñoz, S. S., Galvagnion, C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.70304 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Apabetalone alleviates ligature-induced periodontitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization via an immunometabolic shift

Bian, T., li, H., Liu, H., Guo, M., Zhang, Y., Hu, P., & Chen, M. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114279 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

TRPM8 activation inhibits neuroinflammation and ameliorates neurodegeneration by modulating Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways in vivo and in vitro

Gao, X., Fu, S., Liu, Y., Yan, A., Sun, Y., Li, X., Liu, D., & He, D. (2025) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.04.049 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Targeting the FABP Axis: Interplay Between Lipid Metabolism, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration

Wu, C., Lin, J., Chen, Q., Zhao, W., Kawahata, K., & Cheng, A. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14191502 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

RNA Interference Unleashed: Current Perspective of Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) Therapeutics in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain

Saha, P., & Sharma, S. S. (2024) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.4c00329 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Bridging the Gap: The Neuro-immune Axis as a Key Player in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Liu, T., Wu, H., & Wei, J. (2025) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-025-01439-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Neuroimmune Dysregulation and AI-Driven Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimer’s Disease

Ghosh, S., Bhaskar, R., Singh, D. K. K., Sharma, S., Yarlagadda, B., Sinha, J. K., & Han, S. S. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-025-01651-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Blood diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Lv, Y.-T., & Li, H. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00286 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Breaking Glycolysis Barriers to Immunotherapy with Nanomedicines

Zhang, M., Ren, Y., Li, J., Yu, J., Li, Q., Zhao, H., Wang, Z., Chen, X. S., & Cheng, J. (2025) · ACS Nano Medicine · doi:10.1021/acsnanomed.5c00042 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Sugar Utilization by Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease

Marino, K. M., Shippy, D. C., & Ulland, T. K. (2024) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578552 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Benefits of virtual reality rehabilitation on neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review

Tu, T., Yang, Y., Zheng, T., Lin, H., Wang, W., Fu, L., Jiang, S., & Wang, R. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02171-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Dietary and metabolic reprogramming alleviates neurodegeneration: a review of mechanisms and clinical implications

Fang, L., Zhuang, Y., Zhang, M., Yang, D., Zhang, R., Peng, J., & Wang, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1706597 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

RIPK1: A Promising Target for Intervention Neuroinflammation

Yan, F., Qiao, Y., Pan, S., Kang, A., Chen, H., & Bai, Y. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-025-10208-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Viral reprogramming of glial metabolism as a driver of neuroinflammation

Rodrigues, T. S., Beltrão, G. S., Girardi, H., & Pinto, A. R. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1686774 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Drug Screening and Validation Targeting TDP-43 Proteinopathy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Xin, J., Huang, S., Wen, J., Li, Y., Li, A., Satyanarayanan, S. K., Yao, X., & Su, H. (2024) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2024.0440 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Involvement of circadian clock protein PER2 in controlling sleep deprivation induced HMGB1 up-regulation by targeting p300 in the cortex

Zhang, M., Ma, Z., Cui, H., Miao, Y., Yu, Y., Wen, Q., Liu, Z., Huang, X. H., Xing, C., Liu, K., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-96931-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Qinglongyi nanoparticles alleviate neuroinflammation and promote neuronal survival by inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis in intracerebral hemorrhage

Yan, T., Kang, G., Meng, Y., Zhang, L., Jiang, Q. Y., Shen, N., Li, H., Xu, M., Yu, L., Ni, G., et al. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114945 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Vitamin B intake and post-stroke depression: Results from the US national health and nutrition examination surveys (NHANES) 2007-2018

Liu, M., Sun, Y. H., & Wu, J. S. (2025) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.1177/00912174251376110 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Microglial TREM2 and cognitive impairment: insights from Alzheimer’s disease with implications for spinal cord injury and AI-assisted therapeutics

Wu, Z., Yu, S., Tian, D., Li, C., & Jing, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2025.1705069 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Gut microbiota alterations associated with anxiety and depression in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of prospective cohorts and randomized trials

Zhang, T., Wang, L., Ren, Z., Man, R., Cheng, X., Wang, L., Wang, J., Bu, X., & Yu, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1853009 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

A mathematical model of microglia glucose metabolism and lactylation with positive feedback

Larripa, K., & Rǎdulescu, A. (2025) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112049 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

The impact of lactate and lipid metabolism in microglia upon cognitive impairment following radiation-induced brain injury

Li, Z., Lin, Y. Y., Lu, Y., Zeng, L., Guan, H., Huang, F., Zeng, X., Yao, Q., & Zheng, R. (2026) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-026-08309-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

VCPIP1 ameliorates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by promoting microglia autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

Zuo, J., Ding, R., Wang, X., Jing, G., Gong, H., Yuan, M., Xia, Y. F., Qin, J., Wu, X., & Song, X. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115417 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Physical activity and neuroinflammation: a bibliometric analysis of research progress and future perspectives

Zhang, Y., Li, H., Yang, J., & Ma, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2025.1602724 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Kinsenoside Targets IDH1 to Restore Microglial Immune‐Metabolic Homeostasis for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy

Li, Q., Liao, Y., Zhao, Y., Wu, H., Jin, T., Li, S., Liu, Y., Li, P., Ouyang, S., Li, Z., et al. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.75125 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The iron-energy metabolism axis in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis: from mechanisms to interventions

Zou, Z., Chen, J., Li, J., & Chen, Y.-F. (2026) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-026-03034-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Glycolysis as a central pathological axis in neurodegenerative diseases

Cheng, T., Li, M., Yang, Y., Rao, Z., & Yang, W. (2026) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2026-0037 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Metabolic reprogramming in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: emerging mechanisms, candidate biomarkers, and future therapeutic directions

Huang, M., Qian, W., Lin, D., Zeng, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, S., 罗雅玲, Li, Z., & Du, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1821690 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

A Novel Approach to Neuropathic Pain Treatment: Lactylation Targeting Microglia

Chen, M., Yang, F., Sun, Y., & Feng, S. (2026) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-026-05989-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Glucose metabolic reprogramming: mechanisms and therapeutic implications in neuroinflammation

Zhang, L., Yang, X., & Ai, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1737175 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Regenerative strategies for ALS: stem cells and extracellular vesicles

Raghunathan, T., Parthasarathy, B., Prabhu, P., Mahesh, P., & Dhanushkodi, A. (2026) · Discover Nano · doi:10.1186/s11671-026-04820-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

From metabolism to neurodegeneration: how microglial functional reprogramming drives neurodegenerative diseases

Cui, Q., Zheng, K., Liu, Q., Wang, L., Liu, Y., Bai, R., Zhang, W., Guo, J., Chang, X., & Wang, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2026.1921079 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

HK2 drives synaptic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome via epigenetic regulation of H3K18 lactylation

Luan, Y., Zhang, H., Ma, N., Zhang, Y., Xu, Z., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1903604 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Acupuncture Effect on Reaction-Time Changes in Parkinson’s Disease Patients—Case Study Series

Pereira, C. R., Greten, H. J., Santos, R. S., Reis, A. M., Ramos, B., Santos, M. J., Machado, J. P., & Criado, M. B. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13185642 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Advancing Neurological Health: Insights into Aging, Immunity, and Vascular Dynamics

Xu, T., Ye, J., Gan, L., Deng, S., Guo, Y., & Tang, Y. (2024) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2024.0423 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Combating Lead/HFD Neurotoxicity in Rats: The Synergistic Effect of 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Saleh, S. R., Atef, E., Maher, A. M., Ghareeb, D. A., Sheta, E., & Eweda, S. M. (2025) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-025-04764-1

Pleiotrophin and receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β/ζ as key modulators of high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment and brain alterations

Cañeque‐Rufo, H., Fontán‐Baselga, T., Rivera-Illades, E., Vicente‐Rodríguez, M., Gramage, E., Zapico, J. M., de Pascual‐Teresa, B., Ramos, P., & Herradón, G. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118671

Effect of Deoxyglucose on Cultured Glial Cells of the Rat Cerebral Cortex under Conditions of LPS Stimulation

Исаев, Н. К., Genrikhs, E. E., & Stelmashook, E. V. (2025) · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10517-025-06521-9

Neurodegenerative Diseases and Glucose Metabolism of Neuroglial Cells

王, 书. (2026) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2026.162418

Laminarin attenuates neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse model via inhibiting dectin-1/Syk/NF-κB signaling

Zhao, R.-Y., Zhang, M., Wang, X.-W., Xue, F., Zheng, Y.-Y., & Chen, W.-F. (2026) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-026-02160-2

How Glial Cell Dysfunction Fuels Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s and Prion Diseases? Emerging Targets for Therapy

Zafar, S., Rasheed, U., & Zerr, I. (2026) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1013648

1,3-1,6 β-glucans reduce aging hallmarks in multiple organs and rapidly induce mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy via direct effect on the killifish brain and human neuronsPreprint

Brogi, L., Fronte, B., Tonelli, F., Marchese, M., Cremisi, F., & Cellerino, A. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.15.725450

Influence of blood-brain barrier and intestinal barrier on microglial phenotypes: a perspective of clinical and prognostic implications

Lima, M. N., Santos, L. F., Lemos, F. S., Reis, P. A., Maron‐Gutierrez, T., & Castro-Faria-Neto, H. C. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1663796

Cerebrospinal fluid glucose-to-lactate ratio (CGLR) as a diagnostic biomarker for postoperative intracranial infections in patients with acute brain injury: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study

Wang, W., Wang, H., Zhou, C., & Fu, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1830485

Neuroinflammation and Tauopathies

Zeenny, M.-N., Salame, I., Maatouk, L., & Akoury, E. (2026) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-026-12253-4

Methylene blue reduces the severity of lipopolysaccharide-induced morphological changes in microglia in rat cerebral cortex glial cell cultures

Stelmashook, E. V., Genrikhs, E. E., Рафаилевна, К. М., Alexandrova, O. P., & Исаев, Н. К. (2026) · Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya · doi:10.18097/pbmcr1690

Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Microglia: A New Frontier for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases

Chu, M., Tan, M., Gan, X., Cui, S., & Shi, L. (2026) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-026-06091-5

Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Cellular States of Neuroinflammation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Implications for Stage‑Specific Therapeutics

Lv, C., Zhu, W., Wen, X., & Da, Y. (2026) · ASN NEURO · doi:10.1080/17590914.2026.2715625

SIRT1 deacetylates GAPDH to drive microglial glycolysis and neuroinflammation

Hsu, C., Sapaev, I., Nematov, O. N., Turakulov, R., abdullah, S. S., Khaleel, Z. T., Alwaily, E. R., & Jabir, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1883095

13C Stable Isotope Tracing-Based MFA Reveals the Contribution of Glucose to Glycolytic and TCA Fluxes and Its Application in Depression Research

Zhao, Y., Linghu, T., Wang, Q., Gao, X., Qin, X., & Tian, J. (2026) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6c00087

Neuroinflammation and metabolic reprogramming in Parkinson’s disease

Fu, Y., Yu, J., Xu, L., Zhou, T., & Deng, Q. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1857394

Pharmacological modulation of cGAS-STING-NLRP3 signaling by nano-immunomodulators in Alzheimer and Parkinson disease

Abdel-Rasol, M. A. (2026) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-026-02386-0

Fueling neurodegeneration: metabolic insights into microglia functions

Sadeghdoust, M., Das, A., & Kaushik, D. K. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03296-0 · Cited by 101 · see citing works

Microglial Metabolic Reprogramming: The Missing Link in Chronic Neurodegeneration

Maqsood, R., Mushtaq, A., Nawaz, K., Ikram, E., & Majeed, A. G. (2026) · INNOVAPATH · doi:10.63501/azz6za12

The role of microglia immunometabolism in neurodegeneration: Focus on molecular determinants and metabolic intermediates of metabolic reprogramming

Wang, Q., Lu, M., Zhu, X., Gu, X., Zhang, T., Xia, C., Yang, L., Xu, Y., & Zhou, M. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113412 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

“Rewiring brain immunity: targeting microglial metabolism for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disorders”

Shokr, M. M. (2025) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-025-01739-y · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Microglial Metabolic Reprogramming: Emerging Insights and Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Miao, J., Chen, L., Pan, X., Li, L.-Q., Zhao, B., & Lan, J. X. (2023) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-023-01376-y · Cited by 110 · see citing works