Cited by 235Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsNuclear Receptors and Signaling

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The lipopolysaccharide Parkinson’s disease animal model: mechanistic studies and drug discovery

Open access

Dutta, Garima, Zhang, Ping, Liu, Bin·2008·Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology

DOI 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2008.00616.xPMC PMC2632601

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Abstract

Research in the last two decades has unveiled an important role for neuroinflammation in the degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) pathway that constitutes the pathological basis of the prevailing movement disorder, Parkinson’s disease (PD). Neuroinflammation is characterized by the activation of brain glial cells, primarily microglia and astrocytes that release various soluble factors that include free radicals (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species), cytokines, and lipid metabolites. The majority of these glia‐derived factors are proinflammatory and neurotoxic and are particularly deleterious to oxidative damage‐vulnerable nigral DA neurons. As a proof of concept, various immunologic stimuli have been employed to directly induce glial activation to model DA neurodegeneration in PD. The bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), has been the most extensively utilized glial activator for the induction of inflammatory DA neurodegeneration. In this review, we will summarize the various in vitro and in vivo LPS PD models. Furthermore, we will highlight the contribution of the LPS PD models to the mechanistic studies of PD pathogenesis and the search for neuroprotective agents for the treatment of PD.

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Items 101–200 of 234

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Background
Comparative morphometric analysis of microglia in the spinal cord of SOD 1G93Atransgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Ohgomori, T., Yamada, J., Takeuchi, H., Kadomatsu, K., & Jinno, S. (2016) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13227 · Cited by 38
“Acute administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell-wall component characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria, causes progressive neuroinflammation (Qin et al., 2007; Dutta et al., 2008).”
Background
Toll-like receptor 4 signaling: A common biological mechanism of regimen-related toxicities
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Background
Urban Air Pollution Targets the Dorsal Vagal Complex and Dark Chocolate Offers Neuroprotection
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Alkaloids from piper longum protect dopaminergic neurons against inflammation-mediated damage induced by intranigral injection of lipopolysaccharide
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Background
Protective Effects of Polysaccharides in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Wang, Y., Chen, R., Yang, Z., Wen, Q., Cao, X., Zhao, N., & Yan, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.917629 · Cited by 40
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Tai, Y., Qiu, Y., & Bao, Z. (2017) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-017-1007-9 · Cited by 35
“It has been well-documented that LPS directly triggers cytokine release from microglia (Dutta et al. 2008).”
Background
P7C3 Inhibits LPS-Induced Microglial Activation to Protect Dopaminergic Neurons Against Inflammatory Factor-Induced Cell Death in vitro and in vivo
Gu, C., Hu, Q., Wu, J., Mu, C., Ren, H., Liu, C., & Wang, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00400 · Cited by 34
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BackgroundInfluential
Microglial Ion Channels as Potential Targets for Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s Disease
Richardson, J. R., & Hossain, M. M. (2013) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2013/587418 · Cited by 33
“Microglia can be activated by a number of signals, including lipopolysaccharide, which interacts with the Toll-like receptor, and can contribute to dopamine neuron death in vitro and in vivo [25].”
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Background
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Members Reduce Microglial Activation via Inhibiting p38MAPKs-Mediated Inflammatory Responses
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Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Reduces Neonatal Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Long-Lasting Neurobehavioral Deficits and Dopaminergic Neuronal Injury in Adult Rats
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Background
Regional difference in inflammatory response to LPS-injection in the brain: Role of microglia cell density
Pintado, C., Revilla, E., Vizuete, M., Jiménez, S., García-Cuervo, L., Vitórica, J., Ruano, D., & Castaño, A. (2011) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.06.017 · Cited by 32
“Thus, challenge with LPS in SN has been widely used by us and others as an in vivomodel to selectively induce neurodegeneration in this area (see Dutta et al., 2008, for extensive review).”
Method
[Retracted] The Protective Role of Brain CYP2J in Parkinson’s Disease Models
Li, Y., Wu, J., Yu, X., Na, S., Li, K., Yang, Z., Xie, X., Yang, J., & Yue, J. (2018) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2018/2917981 · Cited by 31
Retracted
A Novel and Selective p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitor Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in BV2 Microglia and a Mouse Model
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Inflammatory Cells and Cytokines in the Olfactory Bulb of a Rat Model of Neuroinflammation; Insights into Neurodegeneration?
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Strategic Selection of Neuroinflammatory Models in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence from Experimental Studies
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Intranigral LPS Administration Produces Dopamine, Glutathione but not Behavioral Impairment in Comparison to MPTP and 6-OHDA Neurotoxin Models of Parkinson’s Disease
Ariza, D., Lima, M. M. S., Moreira, C. G., Dombrowski, P. A., Ávila, T. V., Allemand, A., Mendes, D. A. G. B., Cunha, C. D., & Vital, M. A. B. F. (2010) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-010-0222-3 · Cited by 29
IL-1 receptor antagonist attenuates neonatal lipopolysaccharide-induced long-lasting learning impairment and hippocampal injury in adult rats
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“There is evidence suggesting that an uncontrolled sustained inflammation may lead to production of neurotoxic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (Dutta et al., 2008; Glass et al., 2010; Qian etal., 2010).”
Background
Melatonin attenuates expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in activated microglia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Yao, C., Liu, X., Zhou, Z., Xiang, Y., Yuan, S. S., Xie, W., Zhou, M., Hu, Z., Li, Y., Ji, A.-L., et al. (2019) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287394.2019.1615019 · Cited by 28
“It is known that microglia may be activated by numerous factors, including LPS (Dutta, Zhang, and Liu 2008), methylmercury (MeHg) (Ni et al. 2012), manganese (Zhao et al. 2009), lead (Liu et al. 2012), and amyloid β (Doens and Fernandez 2014).”
Background
The Association of Inflammatory Gut Diseases with Neuroinflammatory and Auditory Disorders
Kociszewska, D., & Vlajkovic, S. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite · doi:10.31083/j.fbe1402008 · Cited by 29
“CpG motifs can also activate innate and adaptive immune responses via TLR9 receptor-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways in immune and epithelial cells [282, 283].”
BackgroundInfluential
JNK-mediated microglial DICER degradation potentiates inflammatory responses to induce dopaminergic neuron loss
Wang, Q., He, Q., Chen, Y., Shao, W., Yuan, C., & Wang, Y. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1218-1 · Cited by 26
“Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, can activate microglial inflammatory responses to induce degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons [6].”
MicroRNA-124 attenuates PTSD-like behaviors and reduces the level of inflammatory cytokines by downregulating the expression of TRAF6 in the hippocampus of rats following single-prolonged stress
Chen, Y., An, Q., Yang, S., Chen, Y.-L., Tong, L., & Ji, L.-L. (2022) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114154 · Cited by 28
Proteomics in Parkinson's disease: An unbiased approach towards peripheral biomarkers and new therapies
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“Pharmaceutical studies have been conducted using these animal models of PD-like neuropathological features as well as using actual PD patients (Dutta et al., 2008; Etminan et al., 2003; Hamaue 2000; Kasture et al., 2009; Liang et al., 2007; Neef and van Laar, 1999; Yano et al., 2009).”
Method
Neuroinflammation Induced by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Microbial Neuraminidase
Granados‐Durán, P., López-Ávalos, M. D., Grondona, J. M., Gómez-Roldán, M. D. C., Cifuentes, M., Pérez‐Martín, M., Álvarez, M., de Fonseca, F. R., & Fernández‐Llebrez, P. (2015) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2015.00014 · Cited by 24
“Among the many agents that trigger neuroinflammation some are located in the microbial envelope, such as lipopolysaccharides (8, 9) or the enzyme neuraminidase (NA) (10).”
Background
Aspects of innate immunity and Parkinson's disease
Huang, Y., & Halliday, G. M. (2012) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2012.00033 · Cited by 22
Overview of the Gut–Brain Axis: From Gut to Brain and Back Again
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Gut-Brain Communication in Parkinson’s Disease: Enteroendocrine Regulation by GLP-1
Manfready, R. A., Forsyth, C. B., Voigt, R. M., Hall, D. A., Goetz, C. G., & Keshavarzian, A. (2022) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-022-01196-5 · Cited by 24
Vanillin Attenuates Proinflammatory Factors in a tMCAO Mouse Model via Inhibition of TLR4/NF-kB Signaling Pathway
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Astrocyte-specific IKK2 activation in mice is sufficient to induce neuroinflammation but does not increase susceptibility to MPTP
Oeckl, P., Lattke, M., Wirth, T., Baumann, B., & Ferger, B. (2012) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2012.06.010 · Cited by 24
Differential activation of neuronal and glial STAT 3 in the spinal cord of the SOD 1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Ohgomori, T., Yamasaki, R., Takeuchi, H., Kadomatsu, K., Kira, J., & Jinno, S. (2017) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13650 · Cited by 21
“…key aspects of ALS; the chronic administration of 3,30-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), which acts as a model of axonal impairment (Griffin et al., 1978), and the acute administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is used as a model of neuroinflammation (Qin et al., 2007; Dutta et al., 2008).”
Background
Upregulation of proBDNF in the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Septic Mice
Wang, Z., Wu, J., Zhong, F., Liu, Y., Yu, Y.-Q., Sun, J., Wang, S., Li, H., Zhou, X., Hu, Z., et al. (2019) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00081-3 · Cited by 21
Dietary supplementation with resveratrol protects against striatal dopaminergic deficits produced by in utero LPS exposure
Rose, K. M., Parmar, M. S., & Cavanaugh, J. E. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.028 · Cited by 20
SRI ‐42127, a novel small molecule inhibitor of the RNA regulator HuR , potently attenuates glial activation in a model of lipopolysaccharide‐induced neuroinflammation
Chellappan, R., Guha, A., Si, Y., Kwan, T., Nabors, B., Filippova, N., Yang, X., Myneni, A. S., Meesala, S., Harms, A. S., et al. (2021) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24094 · Cited by 20
“inflammatory response in the CNS including activation of microglia with production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Cazareth et al., 2014; Dutta et al., 2008).”
Background
Velvet Antler Methanol Extracts Ameliorate Parkinson’s Disease by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation: From C. elegans to Mice
Liu, Y., Li, H., Li, Y., Yang, M., Wang, X., & Peng, Y. (2021) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2021/8864395 · Cited by 19
“To explore the effect of MEs on the LPS-induced ROS production, the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which has been the most extensively utilized microglia activator for the induction of DAergic neurodegeneration [23], was used to activate BV2 cells.”
Method
Biological and Pharmacological Characterization of Benzothiazole-Based CK-1δ Inhibitors in Models of Parkinson’s Disease
Morales-Garcia, J. A., Salado, I. G., Sanz-SanCristóbal, M., Gil, C., Pérez‐Castillo, A., Martı́nez, A., & Pérez, D. I. (2017) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.7b00869 · Cited by 18
Meloxicam reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the rat substantia nigra pars compacta
Sui, Y., Stanić, D., Tomas, D., Jarrott, B., & Horne, M. K. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.05.033 · Cited by 18
“[9] G.”
Background
Can the disease course in Parkinson’s disease be slowed?
Korczyn, A. D., & Hassin‐Baer, S. (2015) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0534-x · Cited by 17
“Independent support of these abnormalities has long been available [14–17].”
Background
MicroRNA-93 Blocks Signal Transducers and Activator of Transcription 3 to Reduce Neuronal Damage in Parkinson’s Disease
Wang, X., Liu, Z., & Wang, F. (2021) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-021-03333-x · Cited by 17
Protective effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide in the lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Jiang, M., Chen, Y., Li, L., Xu, L., Liu, H., Qu, X., Xu, J., Ge, B.-B., & Qu, H. (2017) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.7352 · Cited by 17
“TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; SNpc, substantia nigra pars compacta; NBP, DL-3-n-butylphthalide; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PD, Parkinson's disease.”
BackgroundInfluential
Age-Dependent Sensitivity to the Neurotoxic Environmental Metabolite, 1,2-Diacetylbenzene
Hoang, N. M. H., Kim, S., Nguyen, H. D., Kim, J., Kim, B.-C., Kim, B.-C., Park, D., Lee, S., Yu, B. P., Chung, H. Y., et al. (2021) · Biomolecules & Therapeutics · doi:10.4062/biomolther.2020.208 · Cited by 17
The Ubiquitination-Dependent and -Independent Functions of Cereblon in Cancer and Neurological Diseases
Zhou, L., & Xu, G. (2022) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167457 · Cited by 17
A Helminth Protease Inhibitor Modulates the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Phenotype of Microglia in vitro
Behrendt, P., Arnold, P., Brueck, M., Rickert, U., Lucius, R., Hartmann, S., Klotz, C., & Lucius, R. (2016) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000444756 · Cited by 16
Protective role of dexmedetomidine in unmethylated CpG-induced inflammation responses in BV2 microglia cells
Chen, C., & Qian, Y. (2016) · Folia Neuropathologica · doi:10.5114/fn.2016.64817 · Cited by 15
“Apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons could be mediated by LPS-activated microglia [14].”
Background
Zinc (Zn) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) on MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease model: A comparative evaluation of behavioral and immunohistochemical results
Yıldırım, S., Oylumlu, E., Özkan, A., Sinen, O., Bülbül, M., Goksu, E. T., Ertosun, M. G., & Tanrιöver, G. (2023) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2023.05.002 · Cited by 15
The intestinal microbiota exerts a sex-specific influence on neuroinflammation in a Parkinson's disease mouse model
Zhou, X., Gao, Y. J., Wei, J., Luo, J., Wang, Y., Yue, M., Wang, B., Hong, D., Chen, T., & Fang, X. (2023) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105661 · Cited by 15
The Healing Effect of Human Milk Fat Globule-EGF Factor 8 Protein (MFG-E8) in A Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Nakashima, Y., Miyagi‐Shiohira, C., Noguchi, H., & Ōmasa, T. (2018) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci8090167 · Cited by 14
Intron retention is a stress response in sensor genes and is restored by Japanese herbal medicines: A basis for future clinical applications
Vu, T.-D., Ito, N., Oshima, K., Maruko, A., Nishi, A., Mizoguchi, K., Odaguchi, H., Kobayashi, Y., & Okada, N. (2022) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2022.146496 · Cited by 12
Menagerie: A text-mining tool to support animal-human translation in neurodegeneration research
Zeiss, C. J., Shin, D., Wyk, B. V., Beck, A. P., Zatz, N., Sneiderman, C. A., & Halil Kilicoglu, B. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226176 · Cited by 12
“Chronic toxic models such as MPTP/probenecid, rotenone, paraquat, lacatcystin and maneb [64], traditional pharmacologic models (reserpine, haloperidol and galantamine) [65] and inflammatory models [66] were less common, but consistently used.”
Background
Microbiome and motor neuron diseases
Chatterjee, K., & Banerjee, S. (2020) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.010 · Cited by 12
Potential anti-neuroinflammatory compounds from Australian plants – A review
Singh, A., Raju, R., & Münch, G. W. (2020) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104897 · Cited by 11
DA-9805 protects dopaminergic neurons from endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation
Kang, S., Piao, Y., Kang, Y. C., Lim, S., & Pak, Y. K. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112389 · Cited by 12
The Experimentalist’s Guide to Machine Learning for Small Molecule Design
Lindley, S. E., Lu, Y., & Shukla, D. (2023) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.3c00054 · Cited by 11
Characterization of the Striatal Extracellular Matrix in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Freitas, A., Aroso, M., Barros, A. S., Fernández, M., Conde‐Sousa, E., Leite, M., Carvalho, E. D., Ribeiro, C. C., Ferreira, R. M., Pêgo, A. P., et al. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10071095 · Cited by 10
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Toxic Models of Parkinsonism
Бунеева, О. А., & Medvedev, A. E. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26031248 · Cited by 11
“Although the existing literature does not pay much attention to this problem [204], the anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of MAO inhibitors [205–207] suggests that they would be effective in treating neuroinflammation, which is linked to PD.”
D-β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits microglial activation in a cell activation model in vitro
Xu, X.-D., Zhang, Q., Tu, J., & Ren, Z. (2011) · 中国人民解放军军医大学学报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/s1000-1948(11)60042-7 · Cited by 8
Study on the Dynamic Changes in Synaptic Vesicle-Associated Protein and Axonal Transport Protein Combined with LPS Neuroinflammation Model
Zhang, R., Zhao, M., Ji, H., Yuan, Y., & Chen, N. (2013) · ISRN Neurology · doi:10.1155/2013/496079 · Cited by 9
“Progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal DA pathway eventually leads to the development of clinical symptoms that include bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and defective gait, mostly in people over the age of 60 [3].”
Background
The Microbiome in Neurodegenerative Disease
Brown, E. G., Tanner, C. M., & Goldman, S. M. (2018) · Current Geriatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s13670-018-0240-6 · Cited by 10
Glial Reaction in a Neuroinflammatory Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Воронков, Д. Н., Stavrovskaya, A. V., Александрович, П. И., Guschina, A. S., & Olshanskiy, A. S. (2023) · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10517-023-05772-8 · Cited by 8
“Direct injection of LPS into the substantia nigra is used in experiments as a model of neurodegeneration in PD [3].”
BackgroundMethod
HMGB1 Mediates Inflammation-Induced DMT1 Increase and Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in the Early Stage of Parkinsonism
Liang, T., Yang, S.-X., Qian, C., Du, L., Qian, Z., Yung, W., & Ke, Y. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03668-2 · Cited by 9
ICAM-1 may promote the loss of dopaminergic neurons by regulating inflammation in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse models
Zhang, F., Pan, L., Lian, C., Xu, Z., Chen, H., Lai, W., Liang, X., Liu, Q., Wu, H., Wang, Y., et al. (2024) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110989 · Cited by 10
“Neuroinflammation is characterised by the activation of microglia and astrocytes, with ICAM-1 playing a pivotal role in this process [40] . o Little work has been done to explore the potential role of ICAM-1 in the genesis of PD. p These results led us to hypothesise that ICAM-1 exerts its…”
ResultSelf-citation
The Inhibition of miR-873 Provides Therapeutic Benefit in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammatory Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Wu, J., Yu, X., Xue, K., Wu, J., Wang, R., Xie, X., Li, K., Yang, Z., & Yue, J. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/8735249 · Cited by 8
“The injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the SN region results in a progressive, specific, and irreversible loss of DA neurons and accumulation of α-synuclein [14].”
Background
Alpha-synuclein pathology enhances peripheral and CNS immune responses to bacterial endotoxins
Hartke, A.-S., Schreiber, C. S., Lau, K., Wiesweg, I., Waltl, I., Kalinke, U., Richter, F., & Käufer, C. (2024) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106773 · Cited by 8
“The LPS-induced murine inflammation model mimics these processes, including systemic and CNS inflammation and similar cytokine elevation profiles as detected in PD patients (Catorce and Gevorkian, 2016; Dutta et al., 2008).”
Alpha‐Linolenic Acid for Mitigating Neuroinflammation and Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in Parkinson's Disease: Insights From In Vivo and In Silico Studies
Mahnoor, M., Jahan, S., Elahi, L., Zakria, M., Rabia, R., Ikram, M. A., & Ullah, N. (2025) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/1440-1681.70043 · Cited by 7
Alterations of Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Davoody, S., Vakili, K. G., Jazi, K., Fathi, M., Heidari‐Foroozan, M., Mofidi, S. A., Taremi, M., Taherkhani, A., Azadnajafabad, S., Hojjatipour, F., et al. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05598-7 · Cited by 7
“Studies have suggested that a decreased serum propionic acid level correlates with motor symptoms, cognitive ability, and a non-depression state [75, 76].”
Characterization of a SILAC method for proteomic analysis of primary rat microglia
Zhang, P., Culver‐Cochran, A. E., Stevens, S. M., & Liu, B. (2016) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.201500390 · Cited by 7
“2–5 ng/mL)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), a reporter for the M1 microglial activation marker, inducible NO synthase (iNOS, [14]) (Fig.”
Self-citation
β-Funaltrexamine inhibits chemokine (CXCL10) expression in normal human astrocytes
Davis, R. L., Das, S., Buck, D. J., & Stevens, C. W. (2013) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2013.01.013 · Cited by 7
“Others have reported that naloxone has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions that are unrelated to MOR antagonism (Dutta et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2010).”
Background
Parkinson’s Disease and Parkin: Insights from Park2 Knockout Mice
Stephenson, S. E. M., Juliet, M., & Paul, J. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/18148 · Cited by 6
“LPS is a bacterial endotoxin that is used as a glial activator for the induction of inflammatory dopaminergic neurodegeneration (Dutta et al., 2008).”
Background
Microparticles Mediate Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammation and Chronic Pain in Mouse Model
Singh, A., Khushi, K., Tiwari, V., & Kumar, A. (2024) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-024-08809-x · Cited by 6
“Experimental studies have shown that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce or accelerate neurodegeneration in mouse and rat models (Dutta et al., 2008).”
Brain Ventricular Microinjections of Lipopolysaccharide into Larval Zebrafish to Assess Neuroinflammation and Neurotoxicity
He, Y., & Lee, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/64313 · Cited by 5
High-Precision Isotopic Analysis of Cu and Fe via Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Reveals Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Effects in Blood Plasma and Brain Tissues
Hobin, K., Costas‐Rodríguez, M., Wonterghem, E. V., Vandenbroucke, R. E., & Vanhaecke, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.896279 · Cited by 5
The Tyrosine Phosphatase hPTPRβ Controls the Early Signals and Dopaminergic Cells Viability via the P2X7 Receptor
Llavero, F., Montoro, M. L., Sastre, A. A., Lacerda, H. M., & Zugaza, J. L. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222312936 · Cited by 5
Evaluation of the Anti-Amyloid and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of a Novel Vanadium(IV)–Curcumin Complex in Lipopolysaccharides-Stimulated Primary Rat Neuron-Microglia Mixed Cultures
Katsipis, G., Lavrentiadou, S. N., Geromichalos, G. D., Tsantarliotou, M. P., Halevas, E. G., Litsardakis, G., & Pantazaki, Α. A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26010282 · Cited by 4
“Indeed, LPS induce neuropathological alterations in laboratory animals that mimic those observed in patients with AD or other neurodegenerative conditions [50,51].”
3‐aminohydantoin derivate as a promising scaffold in dopaminergic neuroprotection and neurorescue in the in vivo and in vitro 6‐hydroxydopamine models of Parkinson's disease
Mani, S., Bouchnak, H., Pradeloux, S., Kraı̈em, J., Soulet, D., & Messaoudi, I. (2023) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/1440-1681.13799 · Cited by 4
“The possible neuroprotective and neurorescue effects of the synthesized compound were tested: (i) in N27 dopaminergic and BV-2 microglial cell lines treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and (ii) in the 6-OHDA rat model of PD. PHAH administration reduced proinflammatory markers, including nitric oxide synthase and i…”
BackgroundInfluential
The role of ZC3H12D-regulated TLR4-NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory microglial activation
Long, J., Li, X., Yao, C., Liu, X., Li, N., Zhou, Y., Li, D., Su, S.-Q., Wang, L., Liu, H., et al. (2024) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137800 · Cited by 4
Neuroprotective potential of isofraxidin: Alleviating parkinsonian symptoms, inflammation and microglial activation
Wang, T.-A., Li, S.-Y., Fann, L.-Y., Li, I., Liu, T., Hung, H.-Y., Chang, C.-W., Cheng, C., Huang, Y.-C., Yu, P.-Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Central Nervous System Disease · doi:10.1177/11795735241312661 · Cited by 4
ESE-1 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 cell inflammation via upregulation of HMGB1 expression
Lu, Y., Ding, J., Huang, J., & Zhao, Y. (2023) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-023-00373-z · Cited by 3
“2007; Dutta et al .”
The role of CRMP4 in LPS-induced neuroinflammation
Asahina, R., Takahashi, M., Takano, H., Yao, R., Abe, M., Goshima, Y., & Ohshima, T. (2024) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149094 · Cited by 3
SET8 participates in lipopolysaccharide-mediated BV2 cell inflammation via modulation of TICAM-2 expression
Zhao, Y., Yang, X., Meng, F., & Li, W. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2019-0699 · Cited by 3
Contribution of neuroinflammation, resolution, and neuroprotection in neuropsychiatric diseases
Farooqui, A. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88460-0.00002-3 · Cited by 2
C18:0 GM3 ganglioside’s efficacy in LPS-induced parkinsonism: neuroprotection, inflammatory inhibition and gliosis mitigation
Liu, T., Liu, C., Li, I., Chu, Y.-C., Hung, H.-Y., Chiu, C.-H., Chou, T.-K., Li, S.-Y., Wang, T.-A., & Shih, J. (2025) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/s12993-025-00289-8 · Cited by 3
“…a bacterial endotoxin recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), robustly activates microglia and astrocytes, resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species [13, 14].”
Immunity in Parkinson's disease – The role of innate responses
Iyengar, A. S., Dunkley, P. R., & Dickson, P. W. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578716 · Cited by 4
Contribution of neuroinflammation, resolution, and neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases
Farooqui, A. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88460-0.00010-2 · Cited by 2
Development of a method for the isolation and culture of astrocytes from the canine cerebral cortex
Xue, Y.-J., Cui, S.-S., Guo, D., Liu, J., Yang, M., Kang, H., Jiang, Q., & Qu, L. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109476 · Cited by 2
A Primary Neural Cell Culture Model for NeuroinflammationPreprint
Goshi, N., Morgan, R. K., Lein, P. J., & Şeker, E. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.23.914226 · Cited by 2
“, 2015), Parkinson’s disease (PD) (Dutta et al., 2008) and even mood disorders such as clinical depression (Henry et al.”
Background
Modeling gene-environment interactions in Parkinson’s Disease: Helicobacter pylori infection of Pink1 −/− mice induces CD8 T cell-dependent motor and cognitive dysfunctionPreprint
Kazanova, A., Sung, J., Oliveira, N., Gavino, C., Recinto, S. J., Bessaiah, H., Pei, J., Burns, L., Miller, W., Brouillard-Galipeau, M., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.02.25.580545 · Cited by 2
“H. pylori can mediate chronic inflammation in certain individuals, and inflammation is increasingly implicated in PD (Dutta et al., 2008; Wei et al., 2024).”
Background
Peripheral Mononuclear Cell Mitochondrial Function Associates with T‐Cell Cytokines in Parkinson's Disease
Afaar, F., Youssef, P., Galper, J., Chua, M., Halliday, G. M., Lewis, S. J. G., & Dzamko, N. L. (2025) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.30233 · Cited by 1
“17-19 Systemic activation of the innate immune system with lipopolysaccharide is commonly used to induce neurodegeneration in rodent models, 20,21 and higher levels of peripheral in ﬂ ammatory cytokines may exacerbate the progression of PD. 22,23 In ﬂ ammatory bowel disease (IBD) can increase the…”
Computational and Experimental Validation of Anti-LPS-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Effects of Pterocarpus mildbraedii and its Compounds: Combining Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, In Vitro , and In Vivo Approaches
Sandrine, M. N. Y., Owona, P. E., Ella, F. A., Bilanda, D. C., Julie, A. O. J., Cynthia, B. Y. P., Michel, B. G., Dzeufiet, P. D. D., Binsaleh, A. Y., Alwethaynani, M. S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Computational Biophysics and Chemistry · doi:10.1142/s2737416525501248 · Cited by 1
Copper regulates the expression of immune genes in microglial cells in vitro
Craciun, L., Muroy, S. E., & Saijo, K. (2025) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153145 · Cited by 3
“One compelling in vivo model involves stereotaxic injection of LPS into the substantia nigra—a procedure used by our group and others (Dutta et al., 2008; Saijo et al., 2009) to mimic neuroinflammation and Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathology.”
The role of microglia–lymphocyte interaction in PD neuropathology
Carta, A. R. (2012) · Basal Ganglia · doi:10.1016/j.baga.2012.07.003 · Cited by 1
MODELING OF PARKINSONISM SYNDROME IN RATS BY THE ADMINISTRATION OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE
Boika, A. V., Гладкова, Ж. А., Kuznetsova, T. Y., & Ponomarev, V. V. (2018) · Journal of the Grodno State Medical University · doi:10.25298/2221-8785-2018-16-6-690-696 · Cited by 1

Authors: Dutta, G., Zhang, P., & Liu, B.
Affiliations: University of Florida (US)
Corresponding author: Liu, Bin
ORCID: Liu, Bin
Venue: Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2008-09-21
Volume: 22
Issue: 5
Pages: 453-464
ISSN: 0767-3981 (ISSN-L)
1472-8206
DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2008.00616.x
PMC: PMC2632601
OpenAlex: W2057913943
Cited by: 235
References: 106
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 1.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES013265, R01ES013265)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, lipopolysaccharide, neuroinflammation, nigrostriatal pathway, dopaminergic neuron loss, microglial activation, astrocytes, glial activation, neuroprotection, drug discovery, oxidative stress, cytokines, Parkinson's disease model
MeSH terms: Animals, Antiparkinson Agents, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Lipopolysaccharides, Parkinson Disease, Drug Discovery

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The lipopolysaccharide Parkinson’s disease animal model: mechanistic studies and drug discovery

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