Reduced bone mineral density is not associated with significantly reduced bone quality in men and women practicing long‐term calorie restriction with adequate nutrition
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Summary: Calorie restriction (CR) reduces bone quantity but not bone quality in rodents. Nothing is known regarding the long‐term effects of CR with adequate intake of vitamin and minerals on bone quantity and quality in middle‐aged lean individuals. In this study, we evaluated body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and serum markers of bone turnover and inflammation in 32 volunteers who had been eating a CR diet (∼35% less calories than controls) for an average of 6.8 ± 5.2 years (mean age 52.7 ± 10.3 years) and 32 age‐ and sex‐matched sedentary controls eating Western diets (WD). In a subgroup of 10 CR and 10 WD volunteers, we also measured trabecular bone (TB) microarchitecture of the distal radius using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging. We found that the CR volunteers had significantly lower body mass index than the WD volunteers (18.9 ± 1.2 vs. 26.5 ± 2.2 kg m−2; P = 0.0001). BMD of the lumbar spine (0.870 ± 0.11 vs. 1.138 ± 0.12 g cm−2, P = 0.0001) and hip (0.806 ± 0.12 vs. 1.047 ± 0.12 g cm−2, P = 0.0001) was also lower in the CR than in the WD group. Serum C‐terminal telopeptide and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase concentration were similar between groups, while serum C‐reactive protein (0.19 ± 0.26 vs. 1.46 ± 1.56 mg L−1, P = 0.0001) was lower in the CR group. Trabecular bone microarchitecture parameters such as the erosion index (0.916 ± 0.087 vs. 0.877 ± 0.088; P = 0.739) and surface‐to‐curve ratio (10.3 ± 1.4 vs. 12.1 ± 2.1, P = 0.440) were not significantly different between groups. These findings suggest that markedly reduced BMD is not associated with significantly reduced bone quality in middle‐aged men and women practicing long‐term calorie restriction with adequate nutrition.
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Trabecular bone microarchitecture did not differ between calorie-restricted participants and middle-aged individuals eating a Western diet.
“In one study, the authors reported that trabecular bone microarchitecture was no different in calorie- restricted participants (~35% less calories than controls) than in middle-aged individuals eating a Western diet323.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [323]
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Klonis, N., Nava, M. L. D., Aguilar, M., Viola, V., Davila, V., Teo, S., Bryant, M. S., Armamento‐Villareal, R., Qualls, C., & Villareal, D. T. (2026) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2026.108321 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of physical characteristics and lifestyle factors on bone density and fractures
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- Authors
- Villareal, D. T., Kotyk, J. J., Armamento‐Villareal, R. C., Kenguva, V., Seaman, P., Shahar, A., Wald, M. J., Kleerekoper, M., & Fontana, L.
- Affiliations
- University of New Mexico (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fontana, Luigi
- Venue
- Aging Cell
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-11-15
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 96-102
- ISSN
- 1474-9718 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-9726
- PMC
- PMC3607368
- OpenAlex
- W1696107937
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Aging Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Longer Life Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (RR024992)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK056341)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-024992, UL1RR024992)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, bone mineral density, bone quality, trabecular bone microarchitecture, distal radius, body composition, bone turnover markers, C-reactive protein, inflammation, middle-aged adults, Western diet, vitamin and mineral intake, lumbar spine, hip bone density, erosion index, body mass index, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Alkaline Phosphatase, Body Composition, Bone and Bones, C-Reactive Protein, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hip, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritional Requirements, Peptides, Risk Factors, Time, Bone Density, Body Mass Index, Collagen Type I, Caloric Restriction, Fractures, Bone
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