Caloric Restriction and Aging: Studies in Mice and Monkeys
Open accessAbstract
It is widely accepted that caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition delays the onset of aging and extends lifespan in diverse animal models including yeast, worms, flies, and laboratory rodents. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still unknown. We have hypothesized that a reprogramming of energy metabolism is a key event in the mechanism of CR (Anderson and Weindruch 2007). Data will be presented from studies of mice on CR, the results of which lend support to this hypothesis. Effects of long-term CR (but not short-term CR) on gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) are overt. In mice and monkeys, a chronic 30% reduction in energy intake yields a decrease in adiposity of approximately 70%. In mouse epididymal WAT, long-term CR causes overt shifts in the gene expression profile: CR increases the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism (Higami et al. 2004), and it down-regulates the expression of more than 50 pro-inflammatory genes (Higami et al. 2006). Whether aging retardation occurs in primates on CR is unknown. We have been investigating this issue in rhesus monkeys subjected to CR since 1989 and will discuss the current status of this project. A new finding from this project is that CR reduces the rate of age-associated muscle loss (sarcopenia) in monkeys (Colman et al. 2008).
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Caloric restriction has been found to extend the life span of several organisms including S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, fish, rodents, and rhesus monkeys.
“Furthermore, caloric restriction has been found to extend the life span of several organisms including S. cerevisiae (yeast), C. elegans, fish, rodents, and rhesus monkeys (206, 207).”
From A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan (2021) · cites this paper as [207]
In rodents, moderate CR (8%) positively affects median (not maximal) lifespan, but a more severe (30%) dietary restriction increases lifespan by up to 50%, partly by delaying the emergence of chronic diseases.
“Of note, in rodents, moderate CR (8%) positively affects median (not maximal) lifespan, but a more severe (30%) dietary restriction increases lifespan by up to 50%, partly by delaying the emergence of chronic diseases (Anderson et al., 2009).”
From The Search for Antiaging Interventions: From Elixirs to Fasting Regimens (2014) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Anderson, R. M., Shanmuganayagam, D., & Weindruch, R.
- Affiliations
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, rmanderson5@wisc.edu, GRECC VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, GRECC VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- Toxicologic Pathology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-51
- ISSN
- 0192-6233 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-1601
- PMC
- PMC3734859
- OpenAlex
- W2004984537
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 1.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Toxicologic Pathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG011915)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, aging, lifespan extension, energy metabolism, white adipose tissue, gene expression, pro-inflammatory genes, adiposity, rhesus monkeys, sarcopenia
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Female, Food Deprivation, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Longevity, Macaca mulatta, Male, Transcription Factors, Caloric Restriction, Mice
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