Completed suicide at age 50 and over
Abstract
The authors present data abstracted from medical examiners' investigative reports of 246 completed suicides of persons over the age of 50 years classified into four age groups. The sample population conformed to epidemiologic studies with regard to sex distribution. With increasing age, more suicide victims were widowed, and significantly fewer were single, separated, or divorced. Violent methods of suicide were more prevalent and alcohol use and psychiatric histories less common with aging. Physical illness and loss became the most common definable precipitants to suicide, whereas job, financial, and family relationship problems became less frequent with increasing age. The indications for future research and intervention in primary care settings are discussed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the U.S., up to 75% of older adults die as a consequence of their first suicidal act.
“in the U.S., up to 75% of older adults die as a consequence of their first suicidal act [5]”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [5]
Cites
A Hundred Cases of Suicide: Clinical Aspects
Barraclough, B. M., Bunch, J., Nelson, B., & Sainsbury, P. (1974) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.125.4.355 · Cited by 1,283 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Adolescent Suicide
Brent, D. A., Perper, J. A., Goldstein, C. E., Kolko, D. J., Allan, M. J., Allman, C. J., & Zelenak, J. P. (1988) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800300079011 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
Robins, E., Murphy, G. E., Wilkinson, R. H., Gassner, S., & Kayes, J. (1959) · American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.49.7.888 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
A study of suicide in the seattle area
Dorpat, T. L., & Ripley, H. S. (1960) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(60)80058-2 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Rich, C. L. (1986) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800060071009 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Psychological autopsy of completed suicide in children and adolescents
Shafii, M. B., Carrigan, S., Whittinghill, J. R., & Derrick, A. (1985) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.142.9.1061 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
FAWCETT, J. A., Scheftner, W. A., Clark, D., Hedeker, D., Gibbons, R. D., & Coryell, W. H. (1987) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.144.1.35 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Brown, B. W., & Hollander, M. (1977) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470316474 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
The depression-pain syndrome and its response to antidepressants
Lindsay, P. G., & Wyckoff, M. (1981) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(81)73478-9 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Suicide in Brisbane—A Retrospective Psychosocial Study
Chynoweth, R., Tonge, J. I., & Armstrong, J. (1980) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048678009159352 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Batchelor, I. R. C., & Napier, M. B. (1953) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4847.1186 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Incidence of Suicidal Attempts in an Urban Community
Parkin, D. M., & Stengel, E. (1965) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5454.133 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Linehan, M. M. (1986) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb27882.x · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Depression: relationship to somatization and chronic medical illness.
Katon, W. J. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Suicide in Late Life: Review and Commentary
Blazer, D. G., Bachar, J. R., & Mantón, K. G. (1986) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1986.tb04244.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Geriatric Suicide: The Arizona Study
Miller, M. (1978) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/18.5_part_1.488 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Suicide and Psychiatric Care In the Aging
Gardner, E. A. (1964) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1964.01720240001001 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Suicide in Middle Age and Later Life: Sex and Race Specific Life Table and Cohort Analyses
Mantón, K. G., Blazer, D. G., & Woodbury, M. A. (1987) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/42.2.219 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Attempted Suicide Among the Aged
Sendbuehler, J. M., & Goldstein, S. E. (1977) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1977.tb00408.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Suicide after sixty : the final alternative
Miller, M. (1979) · Springer eBooks · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Suicide by Persons With and Without Psychiatric Contacts
Kraft, D. P. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770020047007 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Suicide among the elderly: Levels and trends.
McIntosh, J. L. (1985) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1985.tb03443.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
McIntosh, J. L., Hubbard, R. W., & Santos, J. F. (1982) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1300/j083v04n01_06 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Methods of Suicide by Age: Sex and Race Differences among the Young and Old
McIntosh, J. L., & Santos, J. F. (1986) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/tx1p-5pxc-k4g5-1vug · Cited by 54 · see citing works
SUICIDE AND PARASUICIDE IN OLD AGE: A REVIEW
SHULMAN, K. (1978) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/7.4.201 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Suicide Among Older People: Projections for the Future
Haas, A. P., & Hendin, H. (1983) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1983.tb00012.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Hysterical Seizures as a Manifestation of “Depression” in Old Age
Shulman, K. I., & Silver, I. (1985) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674378503000413 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A psychological autopsy of a geriatric suicide.
Miller, M. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works
More analysis of Eli Robins' suicide data
Carlson, G. A. (1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.2.323a · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Patterns of Suicidal Behavior in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Preliminary Report on an Ongoing Study
Osgood, N. J., Brant, B. A., & Lipman, A. (1989) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/d73m-ta0m-rv6k-p5ak · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Koenigsberg, E. (1991) · Omega · doi:10.1016/0305-0483(91)90017-n · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The interpersonal theory of suicide.
Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2010) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0018697 · Cited by 5,292 · see citing works
Psychiatric diagnoses in 3275 suicides: a meta-analysis
Arsenault-Lapierre, G., Kim, C., & Turecki, G. (2004) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-4-37 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Risk factors for late-life suicide: A prospective community-based study
Turvey, C. L., Conwell, Y., Jones, M. P., Phillips, C., Simonsick, E., Pearson, J. L., & Wallace, R. (2002) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-200207000-00006 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Self-citationA systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood
Fässberg, M. M., Orden, K. A. V., Duberstein, P., Erlangsen, A., Lapierre, S., Bodner, E., Canetto, S. S., Leo, D. D., Szanto, K., & Waern, M. (2012) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph9030722 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Conwell, Y., & Thompson, C. (2008) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2008.01.004 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Self-citationMental disorder in elderly suicides: a case–control study
Wærn, M., Runeson, B. S., Allebeck, P., Beskow, J., Rubenowitz, E., Skoog, I., & Wilhelmsson, K. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.450 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Life events and psychosocial factors in elderly suicides—A case-control study
RUBENOWITZ, E., WAERN, M., WILHELMSON, K., & ALLEBECK, P. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701004457 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Critical Issues in Psychological Autopsy Studies
Pouliot, L., & De Leo, D. (2006) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2006.36.5.491 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
6 Gender and Suicide in the Elderly
Canetto, S. S. (1992) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1992.tb00477.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Suicide over 60: the San Diego study
Carney, S. S., Rich, C. L., Burke, P. A., & Fowler, R. C. (1994) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb04948.x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Mental disorders in elderly suicide
Henriksson, M. M., Marttunen, M. J., Isometsä, E. T., Heikkinen, M. E., Aro, H. M., Kuoppasalmi, K. I., & Lönnqvist, J. K. (1995) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610295002031 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Meyer, R. E., Salzman, C., Youngstrom, E. A., Clayton, P. J., Goodwin, F. K., Mann, J. J., Alphs, L. D., Broich, K., Goodman, W. K., Greden, J. F., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10cs06070blu · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Suicide and Alzheimer’s pathology in the elderly: a case–control study
Rubio, A., Vestner, A. L., Stewart, J. M., Forbes, N. T., Conwell, Y., & Cox, C. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00952-5 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationOpenness to experience and completed suicide across the second half of life
Duberstein, P. R. (1995) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610295001967 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Age and suicidal ideation in older depressed inpatients
Duberstein, P. R., Conwell, Y., Seidlitz, L., Lyness, J. M., Cox, C., & Caine, E. D. (1999) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-199911000-00003 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationVan Orden, K. A., Stone, D. M., Rowe, J., McIntosh, W. L., Podgorski, C., & Conwell, Y. (2013) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2013.03.003 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationNarcissistic crises of aging and suicidal despair
Clark, D. C. (1993) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1993.tb00275.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Suicide and aging in Japan: An examination of treated elderly suicide attempters
Takahashi, Y., Hirasawa, H., Koyama, K., Asakawa, O., Kido, M., Onose, H., Udagawa, M., Ishikawa, Y., & Uno, M. (1995) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610295002006 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Karch, D. (2011) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph8083479 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
- Authors
- Conwell, Y., Rotenberg, M., & Caine, E. D.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Conwell, Yeates
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1990-06
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 640-644
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- OpenAlex
- W2092611905
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 6.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K07-MH00748, MH 40381, K07MH000748)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Keywords
- suicide mortality, older adults, suicide methods, marital status, alcohol consumption, psychiatric history, physical illness, loss, family relationship problems, suicide prevention, primary care
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Ethanol, Alcoholism, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Suicide, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review