Risk factors for late-life suicide: A prospective community-based study
Abstract
Despite the fact that people age 65 and older have the highest rates of suicide of any age-group, late-life suicide has a low prevalence, making it difficult to conduct prospective studies. The authors examined risk factors for late-life suicide on the basis of general information collected directly from older subjects participating in a community-based prospective study of aging, the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. Demographic variables, presence of a relative or friend to confide in, alcohol use, and sleep quality were assessed at baseline interview. Baseline and follow-up data were used to determine physical, cognitive, and affective functioning, as well as medical status. Of 14,456 people, 21 committed suicide over the 10-year observation period. Depressive symptoms, perceived health status, sleep quality, and absence of a relative or friend to confide in predicted late-life suicide. Suicide victims did not have greater alcohol use and did not report more medical illness or physical impairment. This study provided additional information about the context of late-life depression that also contributes to suicidal behavior: poor perceived health, poor sleep quality, and limited presence of a relative or friend to confide in.
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Only three studies (with four publications) examined suicide/fatal suicidal behavior.
“Only three studies (with four publications) examined suicide/fatal suicidal behavior [38,40,41,42].”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
No association between marital status and suicide was found in a prospective U.S. population-based study.
“Turvey presented data from a prospective U.S. population-based study showing no association between marital status and suicide [41].”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
Four studies examined aspects of religiosity.
“Four studies (two from the U.S., one from Hong-Kong and one from Taiwan) examined aspects of religiosity [28,34,38,41].”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
Persons in the U.S. who died by suicide were less likely to attend religious services at least monthly compared to a community-based comparison group.
“Turvey [41] reported that persons in the U.S. who died by suicide were less likely to attend religious services at least monthly compared to a community-based comparison group.”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
Contacts with children and relatives showed null results for death ideation in the Bartels study and for suicide in the Turvey study.
“However, when specifically considering contacts with children and relatives, null results were found for death ideation (i.e., passive wishes for death) in the Bartels study [28] and for suicide in the Turvey study [41].”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
Limited social contact was associated with suicide death in a U.S. study by Turvey.
“and a study by Turvey showing an association with suicide death [41].”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
The presence of a relative or friend who was thought of as a confidante was associated with decreased likelihood of suicide.
“Turvey reported that the presence of a relative or friend who was thought of as a confidante was associated with decreased likelihood of suicide [41].”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
Three of the five analyses of frequency of social contact (across 3 studies, all from the U.S.) yielded significant associations between low contact and both suicide ideation and suicide.
“Three of the five analyses of frequency of social contact (across 3 studies, all from the U.S. [28,32,41]) yielded significant associations between low contact and both suicide ideation and suicide.”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
Rather consistent results were found in this review for religious participation, with four analyses across three studies from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the U.S. documenting inverse associations with ideation, non-fatal and fatal suicidal behavior.
“Rather consistent results were found in this review for religious participation, with four analyses across three studies from Taiwan [34], Hong Kong [38], and the U.S. [41] documenting inverse associations with ideation, non-fatal and fatal suicidal behavior.”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
Consistent results were found for subjective measures of social connectedness: perceived social support (two U.S. studies) and loneliness (two Swedish studies).
“Though investigated in fewer studies, consistent results were also found for subjective measures of social connectedness—perceived social support (two U.S. studies [31,41]) and loneliness (two Swedish studies [39,40,42]).”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Turvey, C. L., Conwell, Y., Jones, M. P., Phillips, C., Simonsick, E., Pearson, J. L., & Wallace, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Turvey, Carolyn L.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-07
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 398-406
- ISSN
- 1064-7481 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2077902096
- Cited by
- 406
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 15.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01-MH01964-01, K01MH001964)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- late-life suicide, suicide risk factors, older adults, depressive symptoms, health perception, sleep quality, alcohol consumption, physical impairment, disease
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Social Support, Suicide, Cohort Studies
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