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Cited by 653Job Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorMotivation and Self-Concept in SportsHuman Behavior and Motivation

Employee and Supervisor Ratings of Motivation: Main Effects and Discrepancies Associated with Job Satisfaction and Adjustment in a Factory Setting1

Ilardi, Barbara C., Leone, Dean, Kasser, Tim, Ryan, Richard M.·1993·Journal of Applied Social Psychology
DOI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01066.x
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Abstract

Research and theory on employee job satisfaction and well‐being has increasingly concentrated on both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. According to self‐determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985). autonomy, relatedness, and competence are three intrinsic psychological needs that, if fulfilled in the workplace, will lead to greater satisfaction, performance, and general well‐being. This study examines employee and supervisor perceptions of the employee's autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the workplace, as well as the degree and direction of discrepancies between employee and supervisor reports. Both employee and supervisor ratings of intrinsic motivational factors were significantly related to work satisfaction, psychological health, and self‐esteem, after controlling for the extrinsic factors of pay and job status. Results of discrepancy analyses were somewhat supportive of overrating being associated with greater well‐being and job satisfaction. Discussion of the results ties this study to relevant research from a self‐determination perspective and to the growing literature on discrepancies and self‐perception.

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  • Many empirical studies have demonstrated positive organizational outcomes of satisfying employee basic psychological needs, such as job satisfaction, organization commitment, work motivation, work performance, and mental health.

    “Many empirical studies have demonstrated positive organizational outcomes of satisfying employee basic psychological needs (Deci & Ryan, 2000), such as job satisfaction (Andreassen et al., 2010; Ilardi et al., 1993), organization commitment (Lian et al., 2012; Vansteenkiste et al., 2007), work motivation (Richer et al., 2002), work performance (Baard et al., 2004), and mental health (Lynch et al.,”

    From Fostering Employee Trust via Effective Supervisory Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Through the Lens of Motivating Language Theory (2022) · cites this paper as Ilardi et al., 1993

  • Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction has been measured with various tools, including the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale, the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs, and the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale.

    “BPN Satisfaction has to date been measured with various tools, such as the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS; B. Chen et al., 2015), the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs (BMPNs; Sheldon & Hilpert, 2012), and the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale (BPNS; Ilardi et al., 1993).”

    From Development and Validation of a Basic Psychological Needs Scale for Technology Use (2024) · cites this paper as Ilardi et al., 1993

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Authors
Ilardi, B. C., Leone, D., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M.
Affiliations
University of Rochester (US)
Corresponding author
Ilardi, Barbara C.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1993-11
Volume
23
Issue
21
Pages
1789-1805
ISSN
  • 0021-9029 (ISSN-L)
  • 1559-1816
DOI
10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01066.x
OpenAlex
W2069478583
Cited by
653
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 43
FWCI
2.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 4655 d)
Locations
Journal of Applied Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
Keywords
intrinsic motivation, self-determination theory, autonomy, relatedness, competence, job satisfaction, self-esteem, psychological well-being, workplace adaptation, industrial workers, self-perception

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