Self‐Efficacy, Decision‐Making, and Stages of Change: An Integrative Model of Physical Exercise1
Open accessAbstract
Exercise has important health benefits but a large proportion of the population is physically inactive. We examined the stages of readiness to exercise and their relationship to self‐efficacy, the costs and benefits of exercising, and self‐report of physical activity in a sample of Rhode Island worksites. Using a three‐step model‐building approach, exploratory principal components analyses were followed by an examination of the stages of change model with confirmatory structural equation modeling procedures. The model was then examined with longitudinal data. Confirmatory and longitudinal analyses showed an excellent tit between the model and the data. Results indicated that the costs and benefits of exercise and self‐efficacy for exercise were related to physical activity only indirectly, through the mediation of stage of readiness to exercise. Structural modeling fit indices revealed that much of the variation and covariation in physical activity was explained by the model. There is the potential to enhance the impact of exercise interventions, by targeting them so as to address factors related to these different stages of readiness.
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People with high self-efficacy and a strong sense of personal control are more likely to perform behaviors they believe will achieve their goals.
“research consistently shows that individuals who are high in self-efficacy and a sense of personal control are more likely to engage in the behaviors they believe will achieve desired goals.”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Marcus, Eaton, Rossi, & Harlow, 1994
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- Authors
- Marcus, B. H., Eaton, C. A., Rossi, J. S., & Harlow, L. L.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- University of Rhode Island (US)
- Corresponding author
- Marcus, Bess H.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1994-03
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 489-508
- ISSN
- 0021-9029 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1816
- OpenAlex
- W2086404301
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Journal of Media Literacy Education (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Keywords
- self-efficacy, decision-making, stages of change, physical activity, exercise intervention, workplace health promotion, physical inactivity
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