Cited by 51Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ResearchMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationMobile Health and mHealth Applications

Research to encourage exercise for fibromyalgia (REEF): use of motivational interviewing design and method

Open access
Ang, Dennis C., Kaleth, Anthony S., Bigatti, Silvia, Mazzuca, Steve, Saha, Chandan, Hilligoss, Janna, Lengerich, Mimi, Bandy, Robert·2011·Contemporary Clinical Trials

Abstract

Fibromyalgia (FM), defined as the presence of both chronic widespread pain and the finding of 11/18 tender points on examination, is an illness associated with major personal and societal burden. Supervised aerobic exercise is an important treatment modality to improve patient symptoms. Unfortunately, adherence to an exercise regimen after a structured supervised program is disappointingly low. Since FM is a chronic illness, studies are needed to test strategies that would enhance exercise adherence in these individuals. Individuals who are able to adhere to exercise almost always maintain the symptomatic benefits of exercise. The objective of this paper was to describe the protocol of the Research to Encourage Exercise for Fibromyalgia (REEF). REEF is a randomized attention-controlled trial that seeks to test the efficacy of 6 sessions of telephone delivered motivational interviewing (MI) that targets exercise adherence to improve FM-relevant clinical outcomes (i.e., physical function and pain severity). The trial has recently completed enrolling 216 subjects, and randomization has resulted in well-balanced groups. Details on the study design, MI program, and treatment fidelity are provided in the paper. Outcome assessments at week 12, week 24 and week 36 will test the immediate, intermediate and long-term effects of exercise-based MI on adherence (as measured by the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors/CHAMPS and accelerometer) and clinical outcomes. When completed, REEF will determine whether exercise-based MI could be utilized as a management strategy to sustain the clinical benefits of exercise for FM.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cct.2010.08.014

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  • In adults with fibromyalgia, aerobic exercise therapy combined with stretching exercise was effective for physical function in the short term.

    “aerobic ET combined with FM education and combination of aerobic ET with stretching ET were effective in the short term [48,57].”

    From Effectiveness of non-pharmacological conservative therapies in adults with fibromyalgia: A systematic review of high-quality clinical trials (2022) · cites this paper as [57]

    Methods and Design §2.4 describes supervised sessions combining stretching and aerobic exercise for participants with fibromyalgia. The Results section reports enrollment and baseline characteristics, not short-term treatment outcomes. This source therefore supports the existence of the combined regimen but not the claim that it improved physical function in the short term. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Strong evidence indicated that exercise therapy combined with patient education significantly reduced pain intensity in the short term.

    “Moreover, strong evidence showed that ET combined with PE reduced significantly pain intensity in the short term [56,57].”

    From Effectiveness of non-pharmacological conservative therapies in adults with fibromyalgia: A systematic review of high-quality clinical trials (2022) · cites this paper as [57]

    The Introduction (page not supplied) says supervised exercise has improved fibromyalgia symptom severity in prior trials. The Methods describe exercise alongside an educational video, but this design paper reports no short-term pain-reduction result for the combination and does not characterize the evidence for it as strong. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Moderate evidence suggested that affective self-awareness intervention and motivational interviewing to encourage exercise reduced pain intensity in the short and long term.

    “Moderate evidence suggested that affective self-awareness intervention and motivational interviewing for encourage exercise reduced pain intensity in the short and long term [57,63].”

    From Effectiveness of non-pharmacological conservative therapies in adults with fibromyalgia: A systematic review of high-quality clinical trials (2022) · cites this paper as [57]

    The Introduction and Methods describe motivational interviewing to encourage exercise in people with fibromyalgia, with pain severity to be assessed at weeks 12, 24 and 36. This is a trial design paper: it does not report that motivational interviewing reduced pain at any time point or grade the evidence as moderate. The affective self-awareness intervention is not described in this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • In adults with fibromyalgia, aerobic exercise therapy combined with fibromyalgia education was effective for physical function in the short term.

    “aerobic ET combined with FM education and combination of aerobic ET with stretching ET were effective in the short term [48,57].”

    From Effectiveness of non-pharmacological conservative therapies in adults with fibromyalgia: A systematic review of high-quality clinical trials (2022) · cites this paper as [57]

    The Introduction reports that supervised exercise improved physical function in people with fibromyalgia. The Methods describe aerobic exercise and fibromyalgia education, but this design-and-method paper does not report that the combination improved physical function in the short term; the Abstract says outcome assessments were still planned. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Moderate evidence indicated that aerobic exercise therapy combined with fibromyalgia education reduces disability in adults with fibromyalgia in the short, medium and long term.

    “Moderate evidence suggested that combination of aerobic ET with FM education reduced significantly disability in the short, medium and long term [57].”

    From Effectiveness of non-pharmacological conservative therapies in adults with fibromyalgia: A systematic review of high-quality clinical trials (2022) · cites this paper as [57]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says supervised exercise has improved physical function in people with fibromyalgia, which supports the general exercise-benefit claim. But this design-and-method paper does not report evidence that exercise combined with fibromyalgia education significantly reduced disability at short-, medium-, and long-term follow-up; the Abstract says those outcomes were still to be assessed. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Ang, D. C., Kaleth, A. S., Bigatti, S., Mazzuca, S., Saha, C., Hilligoss, J., Lengerich, M., & Bandy, R.
Affiliations
  • Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
  • Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (US)
Corresponding author
Ang, Dennis C.
Venue
Contemporary Clinical Trials
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-01
Volume
32
Issue
1
Pages
59-68
ISSN
1551-7144 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2071951413
Cited by
51
References
118
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
3.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Contemporary Clinical Trials (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
  • Purdue University Indianapolis (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR054324)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Keywords
fibromyalgia, exercise adherence, motivational interviewing, telephone-delivered intervention, physical function, pain intensity, accelerometer, intervention fidelity
MeSH terms
Adult, Clinical Protocols, Counseling, Exercise Therapy, Female, Fibromyalgia, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Patient Compliance, Research Design, Telephone, Health Behavior, Exercise

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