Stereotype Threat in Applied Settings Re‐Examined
Abstract
Stricker & Ward (2004 ) examined stereotype threat with a national sample of students taking an Advanced Placement (AP) Calculus exam, and a smaller sample taking Computerized Placement Tests (CPT). They inquired about gender either before (traditional) or after the test (which can reduce stereotype threat). They reported no significant effects of question timing. We reanalyze their findings, and argue that their conservative criterion for evidence led them to overlook significant stereotype threat effects with real practical implications. Women benefited substantially on the Calculus test, and on the CPT–Reading when demographics were asked after testing rather than before. This simple, small, and inexpensive change could increase U.S. women receiving AP Calculus AB credit by more than 4,700 every year.
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Asking women for demographic information after rather than before a calculus test increased their scores substantially.
“on analysis of U.S. data showed that the simple act of asking women for demographic information after, rather than before, a calculus test increased their scores substantially (Danaher & Crandall, 2008).”
From Tackling Educational Inequalities with Social Psychology: Identities, Contexts, and Interventions (2021) · cites this paper as Danaher & Crandall, 2008
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Tackling Educational Inequalities with Social Psychology: Identities, Contexts, and Interventions
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- Authors
- Danaher, K., & Crandall, C. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crandall, Christian S.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-05-21
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1639-1655
- ISSN
- 0021-9029 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1816
- OpenAlex
- W1991141478
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 31.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Career Development and Diversity
- Keywords
- stereotype threat, gender stereotypes
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