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Cited by 165Gastrointestinal motility and disordersMenstrual Health and DisordersInfant Health and Development

Symptoms across the menstrual cycle in women with irritable bowel syndrome

Heitkemper, Margaret M., Cain, Kevin C., Jarrett, Monica E., Burr, Robert L., Hertig, Vicky, Bond, Eleanor F.·2003·The American Journal of Gastroenterology
DOI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07233.x
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of GI, somatic, and psychological symptoms across the menstrual cycle in women with irritable bowel syndrome, and to determine whether symptoms differed by oral contraceptive use or predominant bowel pattern. METHODS: A daily diary was used to assess symptoms across one menstrual cycle. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance, controlling for age and body mass index, was used to compare patterns of symptoms across the menstrual cycle by oral contraceptive use and predominant bowel pattern (diarrhea, constipation, alternating). Data from control women are presented for comparison. RESULTS: For somatic and psychological as well as GI symptoms, women with irritable bowel syndrome had higher symptom severity than did controls. Women with irritable bowel syndrome using oral contraceptives had lower cognitive, anxiety, and depression symptoms (p < 0.05, but not significant after multiple comparison adjustment), but no differences were seen for most symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. All symptoms except diarrhea were highest in the alternating group and lowest in the diarrhea group, with the constipation group either intermediate or close to the alternating group. This pattern was significant after multiple comparisons adjustment for GI symptoms, and trending toward significance (p < 0.05, but not significant after multiple comparison adjustment) for menstrual, sleep, and cognitive symptoms. The strongest menstrual cycle effect was seen in somatic and menstrual symptoms. The pattern of symptoms over the menstrual cycle did not differ by predominant bowel pattern or by oral contraceptive use. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the symptoms examined differed by predominant bowel pattern and menstrual cycle phase, not just the GI symptoms. The menstrual cycle variation was similar regardless of oral contraceptive use or predominant bowel pattern.

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  • Unruh's review found that women are more likely than men to experience recurrent, more severe, more frequent, and longer-lasting pain.

    “In a review, Unruh 155 found that, compared to men, women are more likely to experience recurrent pain, more severe pain, more frequent pain, and longer-lasting pain.”

    From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [155]

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Authors
Heitkemper, M. M., Cain, K. C., Jarrett, M. E., Burr, R. L., Hertig, V., & Bond, E. F.
Affiliations
University of Washington (US)
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Gastroenterology
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2003-02
Volume
98
Issue
2
Pages
420-430
ISSN
  • 0002-9270 (ISSN-L)
  • 1572-0241
DOI
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07233.x
OpenAlex
W2000031817
Cited by
165
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
FWCI
6.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The American Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR004142, NR04142, NR04101)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
Keywords
irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cycle, oral contraceptives, constipation, diarrhea, somatic symptoms, psychological symptoms, anxiety, depression, cognitive symptoms, sleep symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms
MeSH terms
Adult, Colonic Diseases, Functional, Constipation, Contraceptives, Oral, Diarrhea, Dysmenorrhea, Female, Humans, Menstrual Cycle, Premenstrual Syndrome, Case-Control Studies

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