The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Does antipsychotic withdrawal provoke psychosis? Review of the literature on rapid onset psychosis (supersensitivity psychosis) and withdrawal‐related relapse
Abstract
Objective: To examine the evidence that discontinuation of long‐term antipsychotic medication, including clozapine, may provoke a psychotic episode. Method: Databases were searched and citations scrutinised. Results: Evidence for a rapid onset psychosis (supersensitivity psychosis) following clozapine withdrawal was found and weaker evidence that this might occur with some other antipsychotic drugs. Some cases were reported in people without a psychiatric history. It appears that the psychosis may be a feature of drug withdrawal rather than the re‐emergence of an underlying illness, at least in some patients. Meta‐analyses of withdrawal studies have suggested that antipsychotic discontinuation may also increase the risk of relapse over and above the risk because of the underlying disorder, but not all individual studies show this effect. Mechanisms may relate to brain adaptations to long‐term drug use but data are sparse. Conclusion: These effects require further urgent research. Interventions to reduce morbidity after drug withdrawal need to be developed.
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“Ketamine (intravenous anesthetic) and esketamine (nasal spray) potentially produce psychological dependence and rapidly induce pharmacological tolerance [136-139].”
From Acute and Persistent Withdrawal Syndromes Following Discontinuation of Psychotropic Medications (2020) · cites this paper as [137]
Citations
Cites
Neuroleptic Withdrawal in Schizophrenic Patients
Gilbert, P. L. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950150005001 · Cited by 434
Risk of Recurrence Following Discontinuation of Lithium Treatment in Bipolar Disorder
Suppes, T. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810360046007 · Cited by 392
Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
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Neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity psychosis: clinical and pharmacologic characteristics
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Dopaminergic supersensitivity after neuroleptics: time-course and specificity
Muller, P., & Seeman, P. (1978) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00429171 · Cited by 271
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Viguera, A. C. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830130055011 · Cited by 246 · cited 7×
“Dopamine receptor supersensitivity has been suggested as one such possible adaptation (48).”
BackgroundInfluentialSeeman, P., & Tallerico, T. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.6.876 · Cited by 237
Gitlin, M. J., Nuechterlein, K. H., Subotnik, K. L., Ventura, J., Mintz, J., Fogelson, D. L., Bartzokis, G., & Aravagiri, M. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1835 · Cited by 216
Neuroleptic Withdrawal in Schizophrenic Patients
Baldessarini, R. J. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950150021002 · Cited by 194
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2 of the 64 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Franks MA, 2005, The consequences of suddenly stopping psychotropic medication in bipolar disorder, Bipolar Disorders, 4, 11
- 10.1345/aph.1A440 · DOI · Paper page
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Items 201–231 of 231
Overdiagnosis and Underdiagnosis of Bipolar Disorder
Manning, J. S., & Kane, M. E. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.08lr04522
Elective Withdrawal from Clozapine
Drew, L. R. H. (2011) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048674.2010.514855
Sanivarapu, S., & Krishnamurthy, C. (2014) · International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.5455/2319-2003.ijbcp20140241
Changing the balance of psychosis treatment
Moncrieff, J. (2009) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.bp.108.006361
Self-citationFrontale Hirnvolumen- minderung durch Antipsychotika?
Greifswald, E.-M.-A.-U. (2015)
Demily, C., & Chouinard, G. (2010)
Enjeux cliniques du passage d'un antipsychotique à l'autre
Clés, M. (2013)
Bowtell, M., Ratheesh, A., & O'Donoghue, B. N. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.006
Delusion and affective framing
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Pharmakotherapie und andere somatische Behandlungsverfahren (Modul 4a)
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Should we be 'pushing meds'? The implications of pharmacogenomics
B, J., Rennan, G. B., & Consultant, N. (2008)
An inquiry into various aspects of clozapine use
van der Zalm, Y. C. (2021) · doi:10.26481/dis.20210618yz
Clozapine in the Treatment of Psychosis
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Current awareness in human psychopharmacology
(2006) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.789
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Acute Care Admission of the Behavioral Health Patient
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Reply to Overdiagnosis and Underdiagnosis of Bipolar Disorder
Ruggero, C. J., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.08lr04522a
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Test of Treatment in Psychiatric Practice
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Crellin, N. E., Priebe, S., Morant, N. J., Lewis, G., Freemantle, N., Johnson, S., Horne, R., Pinfold, V., Kent, L., Smith, R., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19366114
Self-citationRichter, S., & Carol, S. B. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8935281/v1
Richter, S., & Carol, S. B. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8935281/v2
Richter, S., & Carol, S. B. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8935281/v3
Dopamine supersensitivity psychosis: a critical evaluation of diagnostic validators
Hudnik, L. K., Kosmačin, I., Pjevac, M., Dolžan, V., & Bon, J. (2026) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-026-03207-y
Metadata
- Authors
- Moncrieff, J.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Moncrieff, J.
- ORCID
- Moncrieff, J.
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-03-23
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-13
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0447
- OpenAlex
- W2168608597
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- antipsychotic withdrawal, clozapine, antipsychotic discontinuation, psychosis relapse, drug withdrawal
- MeSH terms
- Clozapine, Humans, Long-Term Care, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Psychotic Disorders, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Antipsychotic Agents
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