Specificity of cognitive biases in patients with current depression and remitted depression and in patients with asthma
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Background: Previous studies have demonstrated a specific cognitive bias for sad stimuli in currently depressed patients; little is known, however, about whether this bias persists after recovery from the depressive episode. Depression is frequently observed in patients with asthma and is associated with a worse course of the disease. Given these high rates of co-morbidity, we could expect to observe a similar bias towards sad stimuli in patients with asthma. Method: We therefore examined cognitive biases in memory and attention in 20 currently and 20 formerly depressed participants, 20 never-depressed patients diagnosed with asthma, and 20 healthy control participants. All participants completed three cognitive tasks: the self-referential encoding and incidental recall task, the emotion face dot-probe task and the emotional Stroop task. Results: Compared with healthy participants, currently and formerly depressed participants, but not patients with asthma, exhibited specific biases for sad stimuli. Conclusions: These results suggest that cognitive biases are evident in depression even after recovery from an acute episode but are not found in never-depressed patients with asthma.
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This negative bias is accompanied by selective attention to negatively valenced faces showing sadness and anger.
“This bias is accompanied by selective attention to negatively valenced faces depicting sadness 134,147,155,160 and anger.161”
From Systematic review of the neural basis of social cognition in patients with mood disorders (2012) · cites this paper as [147]
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- Authors
- Fritzsche, A., Dahme, B., Gotlib, I. H., Joormann, J., Magnussen, H., Watz, H., Nutzinger, D. O., & von Leupoldt, A.
- Affiliations
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Stanford University (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (DE)
- HNO Bad Bramstedt (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Fritzsche, A.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-09-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 815-826
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC2847035
- OpenAlex
- W2099817145
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 9.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH059259)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- cognitive biases, depression, remitted depression, asthma, emotional memory, attentional bias, emotional Stroop task, self-referential encoding
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Asthma, Attention, Cognition, Major Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Personality Inventory, Reaction Time, Mental Recall, Self Concept, Semantics, Verbal Learning, Stroop Test
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