Predator Stress Induces Behavioral Inhibition and Amygdala Somatostatin Receptor 2 Gene Expression
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Psychological stressors precipitate and maintain stress-induced psychopathology, and it is likely that altered amygdala function underlies some of the deleterious effects of psychological stress. To understand the mechanisms underlying the linkage between the response to psychological stressors and maladaptive or psychopathological responses, we have focused on amygdala responsivity in animal models employing species-specific psychological stressors. In the present study, we characterized the effects of a 15-min exposure to a natural predator, the ferret, on rat behavior and the expression of the somatostatin family of genes in the amygdala. We examined the somatostatin family of genes because substantial evidence shows that central somatostatin systems are altered in various neuropsychiatric illnesses. We report that rats respond to acute ferret exposure with a significant increase in fearful and anxious behaviors that is accompanied by robust amygdala activation and an increase in somatostatin receptor 2 (sst2) messenger RNA expression within the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex. These studies are the first to show stress-induced changes in amygdala sst2 expression and may represent one mechanism by which psychological stress is linked to adaptive and maladaptive behavioral responses.
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Acute stressors, such as exposure to a natural predator, significantly increase fearful and anxious behaviors in rats, accompanied by a robust activation of the amygdala and increased expression of somatostatin receptor 2 (sst2) mRNA.
“Acute stressors, such as exposure to a natural predator, significantly increase fearful and anxious behaviors in rats, accompanied by a robust activation of the amygdala and increased expression of somatostatin receptor 2 (sst2) mRNA.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [123]
Chronic restraint stress (CRS) in mice results in higher expression levels of genes like Cldn2 and Nr1h4.
“Similarly, chronic restraint stress (CRS) in mice results in higher expression levels of genes like Cldn2 and Nr1h4, reflecting widespread changes in gene expression associated with sustained stress.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [123]
A study on the long-term effects of a single exposure to immobilization stress shows that stress-induced changes in anorexigenic and orexigenic factors in the hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) can lead to compensatory mechanisms that abolish stress-induced anorexia.
“A study on the long-term effects of a single exposure to immobilization stress shows that stress-induced changes in anorexigenic and orexigenic factors in the hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) can lead to compensatory mechanisms that abolish stress-induced anorexia.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [123]
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The Neurological Ecology of Fear: Insights Neuroscientists and Ecologists Have to Offer one Another
Clinchy, M., Schulkin, J., Zanette, L. Y., Sheriff, M. J., McGowan, P. O., & Boonstra, R. (2011) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00021 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“The suitability of using predator exposure in exploring the animal model of PTSD has been validated, in part, by the numerous studies showing that pharmacological agents known to affect symptoms of PTSD in human patients also correct comparable symptoms in animals exposed to predators (Cohen et al., 2006, 2010; Stam,…”
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Mineur, Y. S., Mose, T. N., Maibom, K. L., Pittenger, S. T., Soares, A. R., Wu, H., Taylor, S. R., Huang, Y., & Picciotto, M. R. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01749-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nanda, S. A., Qi, C., Roseboom, P. H., & Kalin, N. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nanda, S. A.
- Venue
- Genes, Brain and Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 639-648
- ISSN
- 1601-183X (ISSN-L)
- 1601-1848
- PMC
- PMC2776032
- OpenAlex
- W2040202620
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Genes Brain & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH040855, MH 40855)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- predator stress, psychological stress, amygdala, somatostatin receptor 2, anterior cingulate cortex, fear, anxiety, behavioral inhibition, rats
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Behavior, Animal, Disease Models, Animal, Fear, Ferrets, Gene Expression Regulation, Gyrus Cinguli, Limbic System, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, RNA, Messenger, Somatostatin, Stress, Psychological, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptors, Somatostatin, Rats
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