Neuroimaging studies of amygdala function in anxiety disorders

RAUCH, SCOTT L.; SHIN, LISA M.; WRIGHT, CHRISTOPHER I.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07096.x

Cited by 463Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMemory and Neural MechanismsNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Neuroimaging studies of amygdala function in anxiety disorders

RAUCH, SCOTT L., SHIN, LISA M., WRIGHT, CHRISTOPHER I.·2003·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07096.x

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Abstract

A bstract : Neuroimaging research has helped to advance neurobiological models of anxiety disorders. The amygdala is known to play an important role in normal fear conditioning and is implicated in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. The amygdala may also be a target for the beneficial effects of cognitive‐behavioral and medication treatments for anxiety disorders. In the current paper, we review neuroimaging research pertaining to the role of the amygdala in anxiety disorders and their treatment. Moreover, we discuss the development of new neuroimaging paradigms for measuring aspects of amygdala function, as well as the function of related brain regions. We conclude that such tools hold great promise for facilitating progress in relevant basic neuroscience as well as clinical research domains.

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There is evidence for dysregulation of amygdala activity in anxious and depressed children and adults.
“There is evidence for dysregulation of amygdala activity in anxious and depressed children (Thomas et al. 2001a) and adults (Leppanen 2006; Rauch et al. 2003; Thomas et al. 2001a).”
From <i>The Adolescent Brain</i> (2008) · cites this paper as Rauch et al. 2003
The avoidance module comprises amygdala, hippocampus, and insula, which consistently respond to aversive stimuli.
“This module is comprised of the amygdala, hippocampus, and insula, which consistently respond to aversive stimuli (Hardin et al., 2009b; Rauch et al., 2003).”
From A systematic review of fMRI reward paradigms used in studies of adolescents vs. adults: The impact of task design and implications for understanding neurodevelopment (2013) · cites this paper as Rauch et al., 2003

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Auditory and visual word processing studied with fMRI
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Herbster (1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1997)5:2
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Functional Neuroimaging of Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Emotional Processing in PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobia
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<i>The Adolescent Brain</i>
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Individual Differences in Trait Anxiety Predict the Response of the Basolateral Amygdala to Unconsciously Processed Fearful Faces
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Neuroscience and education: from research to practice?
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The Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders: Brain Imaging, Genetics, and Psychoneuroendocrinology
Martin, E. I., Ressler, K. J., Binder, E. B., & Nemeroff, C. (2009) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.05.004 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
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Sex differences in anxiety and depression: Role of testosterone
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High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging reveals nuclei of the human amygdala: manual segmentation to automatic atlas
Saygin, Z. M., Kliemann, D., Iglesias, J. E., van der Kouwe, A. J. W., Boyd, E. C., Reuter, M., Stevens, A. A., Leemput, K. V., McKee, A. C., Frosch, M. P., et al. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.046 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Antidepressant Drug Treatment Modifies the Neural Processing of Nonconscious Threat Cues
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Amygdala atrophy is prominent in early Alzheimer's disease and relates to symptom severity
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Brain Activation during Human Male Ejaculation
Holstege, G., Georgiadis, J. R., Paans, A. M. J., Meiners, L. C., van der Graaf, F. H. C. E., & Reinders, A. A. T. S. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-27-09185.2003 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Learning, Attention, Writing, and Processing Speed in Typical Children and Children with ADHD, Autism, Anxiety, Depression, and Oppositional-Defiant Disorder
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Bidirectional modulation of anxiety-related and social behaviors by amygdala projections to the medial prefrontal cortex
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Reduced resting-state functional connectivity between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in social anxiety disorder
Hahn, A., Stein, P., Windischberger, C., Weissenbacher, A., Spindelegger, C., Moser, E., Kasper, S., & Lanzenberger, R. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.064 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Modulation of emotion by cognition and cognition by emotion
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The neural bases of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adults
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Human Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Indexes Hypervigilant Threat Monitoring
Somerville, L. H., Whalen, P. J., & Kelley, W. M. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.002 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders and Sensory Over-Responsivity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Is There a Causal Relationship?
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“The amygdala has been implicated in anxiety disorders, mainly due to its central role in fear conditioning (e.g., Davis 1992; Garakani et al. 2006; Rauch et al. 2003 ).”
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Dose-Dependent Decrease of Activation in Bilateral Amygdala and Insula by Lorazepam During Emotion Processing
Paulus, M. P., Feinstein, J. S., Castillo, G., Simmons, A. N., & Stein, M. B. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.3.282 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
The Role of the Orbitofrontal Cortex in Anxiety Disorders
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Neuroimaging in social anxiety disorder: a systematic review of the literature
Freitas-Ferrari, M. C., Hallak, J. E. C., Trzesniak, C., Filho, A. S., Machado-de-Sousa, J. P., Chagas, M. H. N., Nardi, A. E., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.02.028 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms of symptom improvements in generalized anxiety disorder following mindfulness training
Hölzel, B. K., Hoge, E. A., Greve, D. N., Gard, T., Creswell, J. D., Brown, K. W., Barrett, L. F., Schwartz, C., Vaitl, D., & Lazar, S. W. (2013) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.011 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Progesterone selectively increases amygdala reactivity in women
van Wingen, G. A., van Broekhoven, F., Verkes, R. J., Petersson, K. M., Bäckström, T., Buitelaar, J. K., & Fernández, G. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002030 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Differential time courses and specificity of amygdala activity in posttraumatic stress disorder subjects and normal control subjects
Protopopescu, X., Pan, H., Tüscher, O., Cloître, M., Goldstein, M., Engelien, W., Epstein, J., Yang, Y., Gorman, J. M., LeDoux, J. E., et al. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.026 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Research Review: A neuroscience framework for pediatric anxiety disorders
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Self-regulation of local brain activity using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
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Effect of a single dose of citalopram on amygdala response to emotional faces
Murphy, S. E., Norbury, R., O'Sullivan, U., Cowen, P. J., & Harmer, C. J. (2009) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.056093 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Extending the amygdala in theories of threat processing
Fox, A. S., Oler, J. A., Tromp, D., Fudge, J. L., & Kalin, N. H. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.03.002 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Math anxiety: A review of its cognitive consequences, psychophysiological correlates, and brain bases
Pellicioni, M. S., Núñez‐Peña, M. I., & Colomé, À. (2015) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-015-0370-7 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
The triadic model perspective for the study of adolescent motivated behavior
Ernst, M. (2014) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2014.01.006 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Emotional conflict and neuroticism: Personality-dependent activation in the amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate.
Haas, B. W., Omura, K., Constable, R. T., & Canli, T. (2007) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.2.249 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
VENTROMEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX REACTIVITY IS ALTERED IN GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER DURING FEAR GENERALIZATION
Greenberg, T., Carlson, J. M., Cha, J., Hajcak, G., & Mujica-Parodi, L. R. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22016 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
When the Sense of Smell Meets Emotion: Anxiety-State-Dependent Olfactory Processing and Neural Circuitry Adaptation
Krusemark, E. A., Novak, L. R., Gitelman, D. R., & Li, W. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1835-13.2013 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
“, 1994; Zelano and Sobel, 2005; Gottfried, 2010); and emotion areas—amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), especially considering their close relationship with anxiety (Rauch et al., 2003; Bishop et al., 2004; Etkin et al., 2011).”
Background
The neurobiological basis of temperament: Towards a better understanding of psychopathology
Whittle, S., Allen, N. B., Lubman, D. I., & Yücel, M. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.09.003 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Conditioned and Unconditioned Fear: A Neurobehavioral System Analysis of the Amygdala
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Anxious brain networks: A coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity studies in anxiety
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Regional Gray Matter Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study
Valente, A. A., Miguel, E. C., de Castro, C. C., Amaro, E., Duran, F., Buchpiguel, C. A., Chitnis, X. A., McGuire, P. K., & Busatto, G. F. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.021 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: The Role of the HPA Axis
Tafet, G. E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00443 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Overreactive brain responses to sensory stimuli in youth with autism spectrum disorders
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A functional MRI study of amygdala responses to angry schematic faces in social anxiety disorder
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Dopamine Modulates Excitability of Basolateral Amygdala Neurons In Vitro
Kröner, S., Rosenkranz, J. A., Grace, A. A., & Barrionuevo, G. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00843.2004 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Escitalopram effects on insula and amygdala BOLD activation during emotional processing
Arce, E., Simmons, A. N., Lovero, K. L., Stein, M. B., & Paulus, M. P. (2008) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-007-1004-8 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Attention alters neural responses to evocative faces in behaviorally inhibited adolescents
Pérez-Edgar, K., Roberson-Nay, R., Hardin, M. G., Poeth, K., Guyer, A. E., Nelson, E. E., McClure, E. B., Henderson, H. A., Fox, N. A., Pine, D. S., et al. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.006 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
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Anthony (2006) · doi:10.2337/db06-0376 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
The Utility of Event-Related Potentials in Clinical Psychology
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Authors: RAUCH, S. L., SHIN, L. M., & WRIGHT, C. I.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Tufts University (US)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: RAUCH, SCOTT L.
ORCID: RAUCH, SCOTT L.
SHIN, LISA M.
WRIGHT, CHRISTOPHER I.
Venue: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2003-04
Volume: 985
Issue: 1
Pages: 389-410
ISSN: 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
1749-6632
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07096.x
OpenAlex: W2008245053
Cited by: 463
References: 110
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 4.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1029 d)
Locations: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: amygdala, anxiety disorders, fear conditioning, cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, treatment response
MeSH terms: Amygdala, Anxiety Disorders, Brain Mapping, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Phobic Disorders, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Panic Disorder

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Neuroimaging studies of amygdala function in anxiety disorders

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