The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 22 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence of hypogonadism in males aged at least 45 years: the HIM study
Open accessAbstract
The Hypogonadism in Males study estimated the prevalence of hypogonadism [total testosterone (TT) < 300 ng/dl] in men aged > or = 45 years visiting primary care practices in the United States. A blood sample was obtained between 8 am and noon and assayed for TT, free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (BAT). Common symptoms of hypogonadism, comorbid conditions, demographics and reason for visit were recorded. Of 2162 patients, 836 were hypogonadal, with 80 receiving testosterone. Crude prevalence rate of hypogonadism was 38.7%. Similar trends were observed for FT and BAT. Among men not receiving testosterone, 756 (36.3%) were hypogonadal; odds ratios for having hypogonadism were significantly higher in men with hypertension (1.84), hyperlipidaemia (1.47), diabetes (2.09), obesity (2.38), prostate disease (1.29) and asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.40) than in men without these conditions. The prevalence of hypogonadism was 38.7% in men aged > or = 45 years presenting to primary care offices.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Testosterone deficiency is highly prevalent, with rates increasing with age from 4% in men aged 40–49 years to nearly 50% in men over 80 years of age, with some studies suggesting a 17% increase in testosterone deficiency for every decade of life (2-4).”
From Non-testosterone management of male hypogonadism: an examination of the existing literature (2020) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Longitudinal Effects of Aging on Serum Total and Free Testosterone Levels in Healthy Men
Harman, S. M., Metter, E. J., Tobin, J. D., Pearson, J., & Blackman, M. R. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.2.7219 · Cited by 2,760
Feldman, H. A., Longcope, C., Derby, C. A., Johannes, C. B., Araujo, A. B., Coviello, A. D., Bremner, W. J., & McKinlay, J. B. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.2.8201 · Cited by 1,861
Gray, A., Feldman, H. A., McKinlay, J. B., & Longcope, C. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-73-5-1016 · Cited by 1,104
Morley, J. E., Kaiser, F. E., Perry, H. M., Patrick, P., Morley, P. M. K., Stauber, P. M., Vellas, B., Baumgartner, R. N., & Garry, P. J. (1997) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90057-3 · Cited by 830
Araujo, A. B., O’Donnell, A. B., Brambilla, D. J., Simpson, W. B., Longcope, C., Matsumoto, A. M., & McKinlay, J. B. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031719 · Cited by 591
Changes in serum concentrations of conjugated and unconjugated steroids in 40- to 80-year-old men
Bèlanger, A., Candas, B., Dupont, A., Cusan, L., Diamond, P., Gomez, J.-L., & Labrie, F. (1994) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.79.4.7962278 · Cited by 437
Petak, S. M., Nankin, H. R., Spark, R. F., Swerdloff, R. S., Rodriguez‐Rigau, L. J., Anderson, R. J., Bergman, D. A., Garber, J. R., Hamilton, C. R., Hershon, K. S., et al. (2002) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.8.6.439 · Cited by 372
ZUMOFF, B., STRAIN, G. W., MILLER, L. K., ROSNER, W., SENIE, R., SERES, D. S., & ROSENFELD, R. S. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-71-4-929 · Cited by 349
Blood Testosterone Threshold for Androgen Deficiency Symptoms
Kelleher, S., Conway, A. J., & Handelsman, D. J. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0143 · Cited by 273
Gapstur, S. M., Gann, P. H., Kopp, P. A., Colangelo, L. A., Longcope, C., & Liu, K. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 247
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Population Division US Census Bureau, 2005, Table 2: Annual estimates of the population by sex and selected age groups for the United States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2003 (NC-EST2003-02)
- Centers for Disease Control, 2005, About minority health
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 765
Shonibare, T., Rodriguez-Farradas, A., Ramasamy, M., & Rajeswaran, C. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2789-5_23 · Cited by 1
Шарвадзе, Г. Г., Курбатов, Д. Г., Александровна, П. Е., & Мамедов, М. Н. (2010) · Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology · doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2010-6-4-532-538 · Cited by 1
Мамедгасанов, Р. М., & Мехтиев, Т. В. (2013) · Problems of Endocrinology · doi:10.14341/probl20135913-7 · Cited by 1
Tan, W. P., Fong, Z. V., Tong, S. F., Low, W. Y., & Tan, H. M. (2011) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1016/s1875-6867(11)60029-8 · Cited by 1
Özderya, A. (2017) · Southern Clinics of Istanbul Eurasia · doi:10.14744/scie.2017.26043 · Cited by 1
Testosteron replasmanı ve kardiyovasküler yan etkileri
Atan, A., Yeşil, S., & Polat, F. (2017) · Androloji Bülteni · doi:10.24898/tandro.2017.28199 · Cited by 1
Male Sexual and Reproductive Health
Tharakan, T., Minhas, S., & Jayasena, C. N. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820472-6.00036-0 · Cited by 1
Rokach, A., & Patel, K. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819174-3.00009-7 · Cited by 1
Mason, M. M., Nackeeran, S., Lokeshwar, S. D., Blachman-Braun, R., & Ramasamy, R. (2022) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2022.02.010 · Cited by 1
The effect of medical castration on lipid levels in black South African men with prostate cancer
Minkowitz, S., Ayeni, O., Haffejee, M., & Joffe, M. (2022) · African Journal of Urology · doi:10.1186/s12301-022-00328-0 · Cited by 1
Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction
Price, D. E., & Hackett, G. I. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470682807.ch20 · Cited by 1
State of the Art Reviews : Male Menopause: Fact or Fiction?
Wald, M., Miner, M. M., & Seftel, A. D. (2008) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827607311513 · Cited by 1
Late-onset hypogonadism: the Asian experience
Lee, B. C., & Tan, H. M. (2008) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jomh.2008.10.006 · Cited by 1
Advani, A. (2011) · Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1177/0897190010397713 · Cited by 1
Apelin levels in men with metabolic syndrome with or without late-onset hypogonadism
Angelova, P., Kamenov, Z. A., & Tsakova, A. D. (2013) · Endocrine Abstracts · doi:10.1530/endoabs.32.p754 · Cited by 1
Traish, A. M., Saad, F., & Guay, A. T. (2008) · Cited by 1
Impact of the metabolic syndrome on erectile dysfunction
Guay, A. T., & Traish, A. M. (2008) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-008-0029-2 · Cited by 1
How Dangerous is Testosterone Supplementation?
Jenkins, L. C., & Mulhall, J. P. (2015) · International braz j urol · doi:10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2015.02.02 · Cited by 1
Paulos, M., & Miner, M. M. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118746509.ch13 · Cited by 1
FANG, R. ‐., Carroll, R. S., & Kaiser, U. B. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.11.30.691258 · Cited by 1
Михайлович, Д. И., & Николаевич, М. С. (2013) · Dalʹnevostočnyj medicinskij žurnal
Obesity and androgens: Masculinity or muscularity?
Smith, R. L., & Finer, N. (2013) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.12026
Brisson, G. R., & Duval, L. P. (2009) · Andrologie · doi:10.1007/s12610-008-0001-z
Disorders of Male Sexual Desire
Hackett, G. I. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118269978.ch1
Late - Onset Hypogonadism - New Point of View
Gomua, A. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/34210
The Effect of Testosterone on Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
Quammen, A. (2010) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon)
Aktuelle Aspekte: Altershypogonadismus und das metabolische Syndrom des Mannes
Zitzmann, M. (2008) · Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)
Heidelbaugh, J. J. (2014) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1089/jomh.2014.0077
Commentary on Greyet al. (2011): Does methadone maintenance therapy adversely affect bone mass?
Nakchbandi, I. A. (2011) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03278.x
Androgen Decline in the Aging Male: Making Sense of the “Male Menopause”
Shoskes, D. A. (2012) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-900-6_9
Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Men: Effects on Fertility and Health
Chan, P. T. K. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7187-5_4
Controversies in Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypogonadism
Mills, J. N. (2014) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-014-0013-y
Fillo, L., Breza, J., Jr., Levcikova, J., & Vachulová, A. (2009) · European Urology Supplements · doi:10.1016/s1569-9056(09)75064-x
Controversies in the Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Carson, C. C., & Khera, M. (2014) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2014.01.002
Diagnosis of male hypogonadism: what is low testosterone
Mercado, M. (2013) · Reviews in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.11138/rem/2013.1.2.057
Case Report: Treatment of Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male
Hernandez, A., & Baum, N. H. (2008) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.11.1941
Gérvas, J., Moral, E. G., & Gorricho, J. (2013) · FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria · doi:10.1016/s1134-2072(13)70669-8
Prieto-Castro, R., Bonilla-Parrilla, R., Villalta, E. J., Martínez, J. S., & Martín‐Morales, A. (2014) · Revista Internacional de Andrología · doi:10.1016/j.androl.2013.12.003
Martínez, A. P., Cortada, J., Odriozola, A. A., Becerra-Fernández, A., & Prieto-Castro, R. (2013) · Revista Internacional de Andrología · doi:10.1016/j.androl.2012.09.002
Farrell, J. A. B., Deshmukh, A., & Baghaie, A. A. (2010) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/eem.09.59
Aron, D. C. (2013) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/17446651.2013.853447
Perfil androgênico em pacientes obesos graves do sexo masculino submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica
Rosenblatt, A. (2012) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2012.tde-27022013-115309
Caldas, A. D. A., Porto, A. L. A., Domingues, L., da Motta, C., & Casulari, L. A. (2009)
The Metabolic Investigation of Erectile Dysfunction: Cardiometabolic Risk
Alpert, W., & Miner, M. M. (2014)
Gilbert, J. D., & Greenberg, D. H. (2009)
Low Testosterone Levels in Male Patients with Hypertension,
Agarwal, S. K. (2015)
As manifestações da ansiedade, depressao e stress no período climatério masculino
Almeida, R. C. F. (2010) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Fisch, H. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139169349.008
Eskelinen, S. I. (2008) · UTUPub (University of Turku)
Overselling hysteria, dangerously: the media coverage of testosterone therapy in men
Vance, J. (2015) · OpenBU (Boston University)
You Want Me to Ask About What? Diabetes and Sexual Health
Zubert, T. (2014) · AADE in Practice · doi:10.1177/2325160314537477
Ho, C. C. K., & Tan, H. M. (2015) · Heart and Metabolism
Sexual function in the aging male
Gannon, J. R., Myers, J. B., & Brant, W. O. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139169349.012
Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Male Patients Over 60 Years of Age with Metabolic Syndrome
Kara, E., Çelik, Ö., Kadıoğlu, A., & Kadıoğlu, P. (2013) · Endocrinology research and practice. · doi:10.4274/tjem.2104
Montori, V. M., Cunningham, G. R., Hayes, F. J., Matsumoto, A. M., Snyder, P. J., & Ronald, S. H. (2010)
Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: A
Walker, C. N., Meller, S. M., & Mena‐Hurtado, C. (2013)
Heidelbaugh, J., Grech, A., & Miner, M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26091-4_13
Erectile Dysfunction and Testosterone
Vlachopoulos, C. V. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08272-1_4
13. Late Onset Hypogonadism Syndrome
Horie, S. (2013) · Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi · doi:10.2169/naika.102.914
Evaluation and treatment of male hypogonadism in primary care
Pickett, K. A. (2016) · The Nurse Practitioner · doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000488713.97938.0f
Hormonal Evaluation and Therapy of Erectile Dysfunction
Hockenberry, M. S., & Masson, P. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31587-4_7
Aspects étiologiques de l’hypogonadisme masculin
Matali, S., Diarra, M., Andzouana, N., Ouahabi, H. E., & Ajdi, F. (2015) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2015.07.655
Kamalov, A. A., Chaliy, M. E., & Vasilevsky, R. P. (2012) · Bulletin of Siberian Medicine · doi:10.20538/1682-0363-2012-6-195-197
Improving the management of testosterone deficiency
Mayor, S. (2016) · Prescriber · doi:10.1002/psb.1506 · Cited by 1
Causas y consecuencias del hipogonadismo en varones con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Ruiz, A. H. (2015) · Gredos (University of Salamanca) · doi:10.14201/gredos.128430
Testosterone Therapy: Injectable Androgens
Yassin, A. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46086-4_12
EVALUATION OF TESTOSTERONE DEFICIENCY IN PATIENTS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Chandel, K., Gupta, A., Agrawal, P., & Nath, K. (2016) · Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences · doi:10.14260/jemds/2016/309
Opioids and Related Medications
Atkinson, T. J., & Fudin, J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48464-8_12 · Cited by 1
Defining the best candidates for testosterone replacement?
Krakowsky, Y., & Grober, E. D. (2015) · Cardiovascular Endocrinology · doi:10.1097/xce.0000000000000059
Escalante, C. L., Gómez‐Pérez, R., & Briceño, Y. (2015)
Antonyan, I., Omelchenko, O. A., & Zabirnik, A. S. (2017) · Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini bìologìï ta sportu · doi:10.26693/jmbs02.02.007
Ide, H., Kanayama, M., & Horie, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4376-5_13
Fertility Preservation in Hypogonadal Men
Carrasquillo, R. J., & Ramasamy, R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42396-8_9
Testosterone Therapy: a Panacea for Sexual Dysfunction in Men?
Helo, S., Thomas, P., & Tadros, N. N. (2018) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-018-0151-8
Schneider, H. J., Sievers, C., Klotsche, J., Lehnert, H., Wïttchen, H., & Stalla, G. K. (2008) · 10th European Congress of Endocrinology
Hipogonadismo associado à obesidade: efeitos do tratamento com citrato de clomifeno
Soares, A. H. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2018.tde-13062018-074535
Metabolic Problems: In Particular Diabetic Neuropathy
Apostolidis, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90997-4_7
Resumen de la Guía de Práctica Clínica de Disfunción Eréctil – Sociedad Colombiana de Urología
Ceballos, M., & Arcila, J. (2018) · Revista Urología Colombiana / Colombian Urology Journal · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1676044
Prevalence of low androgen levels among middle and old age men attending Outpatient Clinics
Abdelnaser, T., Gayar, D. E., Abdelrahman, I. F. S., & Taher, R. (2018) · Human Andrology · doi:10.21608/ha.2018.4072.1028
Late Onset Hypogonadism [LOH]. Current Concepts and Controversies - A Review
Philipraj, S. J. (2019) · Open Access Journal of Urology & Nephrology · doi:10.23880/oajun-16000158
Current options and trends in treating erectile dysfunction
Štanc, O. (2018) · Urologie pro praxi · doi:10.36290/uro.2018.070
Low Testosterone: Determine and Treat the Underlying Disorder
Tompkins, K. D., & Rothman, M. S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22720-3_17
Qué pensar antes de decir que el paciente tiene un diagnóstico psiquiátrico. Parte I
Giraldo, H. J. U., Marín‐Medina, D. S., Arias-Jaramillo, D. R., López-Posada, J. A., Rodríguez-Suárez, E. L., Gámez-Cárdenas, M., & Tatiana, Á.-V. (2019) · Revista Médica de Risaralda · doi:10.22517/25395203.18951
Matza, A., Lewin, E., Marshall, M., Prussing, E., Graham, L., & Fausto‐Sterling, A. (2009) · doi:10.17077/etd.6c31fjqf · Cited by 1
Antonič, K. G. (2020) · Slovenian Medical Journal · doi:10.6016/zdravvestn.2921
Лебедева, Н. Б., Gofman, V. V., Melnikova, V. A., Dymova, O. I., & Ustyuzhanina, O. F. (2020) · Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) · doi:10.30629/0023-2149-2020-98-2-130-136
Testosterone Deficiency Evaluation, Management, and Treatment Considerations
Mitchell, K. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45267-4_2
Male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in various genetic disorders
Niedobylski, S., Laszczak, K., Warchoł, K., Marczak, A., Dobosz, M., Lewicki, M., & Obel, E. (2020) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2020.10.09.017
Mielewczyk, J., Świętochowska, E., Ostrowska, Z., & Miczek, I. (2021) · Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0014.8308
The Prevalence of Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Middle-Aged Men and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Lebedeva, N. B., & Gofman, V. V. (2021) · Androgens Clinical Research and Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/andro.2020.0020
Erythrocytosis in Patients on Testosterone Therapy
Desai, A. P., & Go, R. S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77111-9_2
Desvaux, P., Cuzin, B., Faix, A., Huyghe, É., Lejeune, H., Almond, T., & Burte, C. (2021) · Sexologies · doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2021.06.004
CORRELAÇÃO DA AVALIAÇÃO CLÍNICA E LABORATORIAL NO RASTREIO DO HIPOGONADISMO MASCULINO
Fontona, F., Lavratti, V. B., Rota, C. D. B., Farneda, L. P., & Fronza, D. (2021) · FAG JOURNAL OF HEALTH (FJH) · doi:10.35984/fjh.v3i2.333
Les recommandations pour la prise en charge du déficit en testostérone
Burte, C., Lejeune, H., Faix, A., Desvaux, P., Almont, T., Cuzin, B., & Huyghe, É. (2021) · Sexologies · doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2021.06.006
Risk of Obesity on Male Fertility in Gaza Governorate, Gaza Strip
El-refi, T. Z. (2013)
Metabolic Syndrome Impairs Erectile Function
Fried, R. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420046-3.00005-6
Sexualstörungen bei Diabetes mellitus
Merfort, F. (2010) · Der Diabetologe · doi:10.1007/s11428-010-0553-3
Metadata
- Authors
- MULLIGAN, T., FRICK, M. F., ZURAW, Q. C., STEMHAGEN, A., & MCWHIRTER, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Covance (United States) (US)
- Solvay (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- MULLIGAN, T.
- ORCID
- MULLIGAN, T.
- Venue
- International Journal of Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2008-10-09
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 762-769
- ISSN
- 1368-5031 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1569444
- OpenAlex
- W1667402504
- Cited by
- 767
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 18.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- hypogonadism, androgen deficiency, prevalence, primary care, free testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, comorbidities, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, prostate diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, testosterone replacement therapy
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Hypogonadism, Male, Middle Aged, Testosterone, United States, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review