Quinolinic acid, the inescapable neurotoxin
Abstract
Over the last two decades, evidence for the involvement of quinolinic acid (QUIN) in neuroinflammatory diseases has been exponentially increasing. Within the brain, QUIN is produced and released by infiltrating macrophages and activated microglia, the very cells that are prominent during neuroinflammation. QUIN acts as an agonist of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor and as such is considered to be a brain endogenous excitotoxin. Since the discovery of the excitotoxic activity of QUIN in the early 1980s, several other cytotoxic mechanisms have been identified. We know today that QUIN acts as a neurotoxin, gliotoxin, proinflammatory mediator, pro‐oxidant molecule and can alter the integrity and cohesion of the blood–brain barrier. This paper aims to review some of the most recent findings about the effects of QUIN and its mode of action.
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QUIN is a neurotoxin that can induce apoptosis in neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, which is characteristic of neurodegenerative disorders.
“QUIN is a neurotoxin that can induce apoptosis in neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, which is characteristic of neurodegenerative disorders [51,52].”
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- Authors
- Guillemin, G. J.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Guillemin, Gilles J.
- ORCID
- Guillemin, Gilles J.
- Venue
- The FEBS Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-03-27
- Volume
- 279
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1356-1365
- ISSN
- 1742-464X (ISSN-L)
- 1742-4658
- OpenAlex
- W1598480899
- Cited by
- 595
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- FEBS Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- quinolinic acid, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, NMDA receptor, microglia, macrophages, gliotoxin, pro-oxidant activity, blood-brain barrier integrity, neurotoxicity, kynurenine pathway
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Neurotoxins, Quinolinic Acid, Neurotoxicity Syndromes
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