Effects of Fluoxetine on the Oxidative Status of Peripheral Blood Leucocytes of Restraint-Stressed Mice: FLUOXETINE, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND LEUCOCYTES
Abstract
Emotional stress can be viewed as a cause of adverse circumstances that induces a wide range of biochemical and behavioural changes. Oxidative stress is a critical route of damage in various psychological stress-induced disorders such as depression. Antidepressants are widely prescribed to treat these conditions; however, no animal study has investigated the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species in peripheral blood leucocytes of stressed mice. In this study, mice were immobilized for a period of 6 hr. Fluoxetine (5 mg/kg of body-weight) was administered 30 min. before subjecting the animals to acute stress. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species in leucocytes of the peripheral blood of stressed mice was investigated using a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe, and the antioxidant response of fluoxetine was evaluated by superoxide dismutase, diaphorase, catalase and reduced glutathione. Our results show that restraint stress significantly increases the generation of reactive oxygen species in the peripheral defence cells. Treatment with fluoxetine partially reverses the adverse effects of stress. The improvement in cellular oxidative status may be an important mechanism underlying the protective pharmacological effects of fluoxetine, which are clinically observed in the treatment of depressive disorders.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Acute treatment with fluoxetine partially reverses restraint stress-induced ROS generation, possibly through normalization of SOD and CAT activity and GSH content.
“acute treatment with fluoxetine partially reversed this effect, possibly through normalization of SOD and CAT activity and GSH content [23].”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [23]
Restraint stress significantly increases generation of ROS in peripheral blood of male mice.
“They found that restraint stress significantly increased the generation of ROS in the peripheral blood”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [23]
Cites
Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induction
Simon, H.-U., Haj-Yehia, A., & Levi-Schaffer, F. (2000) · Apoptosis · doi:10.1023/a:1009616228304 · Cited by 2,774 · see citing works
The Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders: Overview of Physical and Behavioral Homeostasis
Chrousos, G. P. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480090092034 · Cited by 2,689 · see citing works
Akerboom, T. P. M., & Sies, H. (1981) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(81)77050-2 · Cited by 1,580 · see citing works
The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation
Knutson, K. L., Spiegel, K., Penev, P., & Van Cauter, E. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.01.002 · Cited by 1,365 · see citing works
Oxidative stress and regulation of glutathione in lung inflammation
Rahman, I., & MacNee, W. (2000) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.016003534.x · Cited by 923 · see citing works
The immune-mediated alteration of serotonin and glutamate: towards an integrated view of depression
Müller, N., & Schwarz, M. J. (2007) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002006 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Wong, D. T., Bymaster, F. P., & Engleman, E. A. (1995) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(95)00209-o · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Kasahara, Y., Iwai, K., Yachie, A., Ohta, K., Konno, A., Seki, H., Miyawaki, T., & Taniguchi, N. (1997) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v89.5.1748 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Restraint stress in biomedical research: An update
Glavin, G. B., Paré, W. P., Sandbak, T., Bakke, H.-K., & Murison, R. (1994) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(94)90027-2 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Antioxidants and immune response in aged persons: overview of present evidence
Meydani, S. N., Wu, D., Santos, M., & Hayek, M. G. (1995) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/62.6.1462s · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Bouayed, J., Rammal, H., Dıcko, A., Younos, C., & Soulimani, R. (2007) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2007.06.028 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Biological reactivity and biomarkers of the neutrophil oxidant, hypochlorous acid
Winterbourn, C. C. (2002) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00286-x · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Gałecki, P., Szemraj, J., Bieńkiewicz, M., Florkowski, A., & Gałecka, E. (2009) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70084-2 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Stimulation of malignant growth in rodents by antidepressant drugs at clinically relevant doses.
Brandes, L. J., Arron, R. J., Bogdanovic, R. P., TONG, J. J., Zaborniak, C. L., Hogg, G. R., Warrington, R. C., Fang, W., & LaBella, F. S. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Stress Impairs LTP and Hippocampal‐Dependent Memorya
Diamond, D. M., & ROSE, G. M. (1994) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb39271.x · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Phagocyte-derived reactive species: salvation or suicide?
Halliwell, B. B. (2006) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2006.07.005 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Alzheimer’s disease and oxygen radicals: new insights
Praticò, D. (2002) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00919-4 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
In vivo antioxidant status: A putative target of antidepressant action
Zafir, A., Ara, A., & Banu, N. (2009) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.11.010 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The immunoregulatory effects of antidepressants
Maes, M. H. J. (2001) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.191 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Antioxidant potential of fluoxetine in comparison to Curcuma longa in restraint-stressed rats
Zafir, A., & Banu, N. (2007) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.05.062 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Liu, J., & Mori, A. (1993) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1993.1189 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Role of oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of viral infections of the nervous system.
Vályi-Nagy, T., & Dermody, T. S. (2005) · PubMed · doi:10.14670/hh-20.957 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Oxidative damage is increased in human liver tissue adjacent to hepatocellular carcinoma
Jüngst, C., Cheng, B., Gehrke, R., Schmitz, V., Nischalke, H. D., Ramakers, J., Schramel, P., Schirmacher, P., Sauerbruch, T., & Caselmann, W. H. (2004) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20241 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Harrison, J. F. (2005) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gki759 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Oxidative stress in phagocytes—“The enemy within”
Splettstoesser, W. D., & Schuff‐Werner, P. (2002) · Microscopy Research and Technique · doi:10.1002/jemt.10098 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Measurement of Cellular Oxidation, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Antioxidant Enzymes during Apoptosis
Ellerby, L., & Bredesen, D. E. (2000) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(00)22040-5 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Bouayed, J., Rammal, H., Younos, C., & Soulimani, R. (2007) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.055 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Atanackovic, D., Atanackovic, D., Brunner-Weinzierl, M. C., Kröger, H., Serke, S., & Deter, H. (2002) · Immunological Investigations · doi:10.1081/imm-120004800 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Ader, R. (2001) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00124 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Innate and adaptive immune responses in a social conflict paradigm
Lyte, M., Nelson, S. G., & Thompson, M. L. (1990) · Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/0090-1229(90)90029-p · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Wedi, B., Straede, J., Wieland, B., & Kapp, A. (1999) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v94.7.2365.419k08_2365_2373 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Neutrophil oxidative activity is differentially affected by exercise intensity and type
Pyne, D. B., Smith, J. A., Baker, M. S., Telford, R. D., & Weidemann, M. J. (2000) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(00)80047-x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Rammal, H., Bouayed, J., Younos, C., & Soulimani, R. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.053 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Kimura, F., Shimizu, H., Yoshidome, H., Ohtsuka, M., Kato, A., Yoshitomi, H., Nozawa, S., Furukawa, K., Mitsuhashi, N., Sawada, S., et al. (2006) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2005.10.025 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Prolonged effect of psychological disturbance on macrophage chemiluminescence in the squirrel monkey
Coe, C. L., Rosenberg, L. T., & Levine, S. (1988) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/0889-1591(88)90015-3 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Cytoprotective effect is one of common action pathways for antidepressants.
Li, Y., Liu, Y., Huang, W.-C., & Luo, Z.-P. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The effects of noise stress on leukocyte function in rats
McCarthy, D. O., Ouimet, M. E., & Daun, J. M. (1992) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770150207 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Linking Stress to Inflammation
Bierhaus, A., Humpert, P. M., & Nawroth, P. P. (2006) · Anesthesiology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.atc.2006.01.001 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Chakraborti, A., Gulati, K., & Ray, A. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.06.027 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Effect of stress on the production of O2− in alveolar macrophages
de Castro, C. M. M. B., Manhães‐de‐Castro, R., de Medeiros, A. F., Santos, A. Q., Silva, W. T. F. E., & Filho, J. L. D. L. (2000) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00276-9 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Wilde, M. I., & Benfield, P. (1998) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.2165/00019053-199813050-00007 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Mattey, D. L., HASSELL, A. B., Dawes, P. T., Ollier, W., & Hajeer, A. H. (1999) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199912)42:12 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of stress susceptibility and adaptation in rats.
Gulati, K., Ray, A., Masood, A., & Vijayan, V. K. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Effects of Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation on Thermoregulation in the Rat
Shaw, P. J., Bergmann, B. M., & Rechtschaffen, A. (1998) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/21.1.7 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Effects of fluoxetine on cellular immune response in stressed mice
Núñez, M. J., Balboa, J., Rodrigo, E., et al. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.11.042 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationChloramphenicol‐Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Neutrophils
Páez, P. L., Becerra, M. C., & Albesa, I. (2008) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00290.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The effect of psychological stress on neutrophil superoxide release
Kang, D.-H., & McCarthy, D. O. (1994) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770170507 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Rodriguez‐Galán, M. C., Correa, S. G., Cejas, H., et al. (2001) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000049026 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Effects of Antidepressants on Function and Viability of Human Neutrophils
Strümper, D., Durieux, M. E., Hollmann, M. W., Tröster, B., den Bakker, C. G., & Marcus, M. A. E. (2003) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200306000-00009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kowalska, M., Kowalska, H., Zawadzka-Głos, L., et al. (2003) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5876(02)00402-0 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Atanackovic, D., Schulze, J., Kröger, H., Brunner-Weinzierl, M. C., & Deter, H. (2003) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(03)00267-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Effects of fluoxetine on the development of lung metastases induced by operative stress in rats
Freire‐Garabal, M., Núñez, M. J., Pereiro, D., et al. (1998) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00253-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationSexual dimorphism in the effect of sound stress on neutrophil function
Brown, A. S., Levine, J. D., & Green, P. G. (2008) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.08.005 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Effects of fluoxetine on the activity of phagocytosis in stressed mice
Freire‐Garabal, M., Núñez, M. J., Riveiro, P., et al. (2002) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(02)02207-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Psychological Stress and Fluoxetine on Development of Oral Candidiasis in Rats
Núñez, M. J., Novío, S., Suárez, J. A., Balboa, J., & Freire‐Garabal, M. (2010) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cvi.00380-09 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationStone, E. A., Najimi, M., & Quartermain, D. (1995) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(94)00381-r · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Behr, G. A., Moreira, J. C. F., & Frey, B. N. (2012) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2012/609421 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Serotonin as a Putative Scavenger of Hypohalous Acid in the Brain
Kalogiannis, M., Delikatny, E. J., & Jeitner, T. M. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.012 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Novío, S., Núñez, M. J., Amigo, G., & Freire-Garabal, M.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (ES)
- Venue
- Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-06-22
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 365-371
- ISSN
- 1742-7835 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1502932546
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- fluoxetine, restraint stress, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, peripheral blood leukocytes, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, diaphorase, depression, antidepressants
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Catalase, Fluoresceins, Fluoxetine, Glutathione, Immobilization, Leukocytes, Male, Stress, Psychological, Superoxide Dismutase, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
