Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in patients during acute depressive episodes and in remission after fluoxetine treatment

Gałecki, Piotr; Szemraj, Janusz; Bieńkiewicz, Małgorzata; Florkowski, Antoni; Gałecka, Elżbieta

doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70084-2

Cited by 214Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressTreatment of Major DepressionTryptophan and brain disorders

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in patients during acute depressive episodes and in remission after fluoxetine treatment

Gałecki, Piotr, Szemraj, Janusz, Bieńkiewicz, Małgorzata, Florkowski, Antoni, Gałecka, Elżbieta·2009·Pharmacological Reports

DOI 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70084-2

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Abstract

Increasing numbers of studies indicate that free radicals and their derivatives play a role in some neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status (TAS) in patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) as compared to healthy controls. Specifically, we wanted to estimate how fluoxetine influences antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation. Fifty MDD patients and thirty healthy controls participated in the study. Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels were measured in erythrocytes, while TAS was measured in plasma. All measurements were taken during an acute depressive episode and then again during depression remission after a three-month fluoxetine treatment. During acute depressive episodes, patients had significantly higher activity levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase (CAT), as compared to healthy controls. Concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also significantly higher during depressive episodes. Activity levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) did not differ significantly between depressed patients and healthy control subjects. Moreover, the plasma total antioxidant status of the depressed patients was decreased in comparison to control subjects. After three months of fluoxetine treatment, the above parameters did not change significantly. Major depressive disorder is accompanied by disturbances in the balance between pro- and anti-oxidative processes; however, these disturbances do not improve in patients in remission after three months of fluoxetine therapy.

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SOD activity was reported to be significantly increased in most studies of major depressive disorder.
“or a significant increase in most of the studies [123, 124, 128, 129].”
From Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches (2016) · cites this paper as [124]
After fluoxetine administration for three months in patients with depressive disorder, levels of Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT are significantly higher in the patients group versus the controls.
“Also, when the modification of oxidative stress markers was followed in patients with depressive disorder after fluoxetine administration for three months, it was found that the levels of some antioxidant enzymes like Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT are significantly higher in the patients group versus the controls [124].”
From Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches (2016) · cites this paper as [124]
Individuals with MDD display lower serum/plasmatic total antioxidant potentials than matched controls.
“Individuals who suffer with MDD display lower serum/plasmatic total antioxidant potentials [28, 32, 48] and reduced brain GSH levels [31] as compared to matched controls.”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [48]
In a group of 50 MDD patients who achieved remission after 3 months of fluoxetine, before treatment they displayed increased erythrocyte SOD and CAT activities, increased MDA levels, and decreased plasmatic TAS level.
“Before treatment, MDD patients displayed increased erythrocyte SOD and CAT activities, increased MDA levels, and decreased plasmatic total antioxidant status (TAS) level.”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [48]
After three months of fluoxetine treatment, MDA levels were normalized in MDD patients.
“After three months of fluoxetine treatment, MDA levels were normalized [48].”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [48]

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Authors: Gałecki, P., Szemraj, J., Bieńkiewicz, M., Florkowski, A., & Gałecka, E.
Affiliations: Medical University of Lodz (PL)
Corresponding author: Gałecki, Piotr
ORCID: Gałecki, Piotr
Szemraj, Janusz
Venue: Pharmacological Reports
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2009-05
Volume: 61
Issue: 3
Pages: 436-447
ISSN: 1734-1140 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70084-2
OpenAlex: W2062447292
Cited by: 214
References: 78
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 8.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Pharmacological Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: major depressive disorder, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, fluoxetine, depression remission, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, free radicals, erythrocytes, plasma
MeSH terms: Acute Disease, Adult, Antioxidants, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Fluoxetine, Humans, Male, Malondialdehyde, Lipid Peroxidation, Case-Control Studies, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Oxidative Stress

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Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in patients during acute depressive episodes and in remission after fluoxetine treatment

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