The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 231 of the 233 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Power of Personality: The Comparative Validity of Personality Traits, Socioeconomic Status, and Cognitive Ability for Predicting Important Life Outcomes
Open accessAbstract
The ability of personality traits to predict important life outcomes has traditionally been questioned because of the putative small effects of personality. In this article, we compare the predictive validity of personality traits with that of socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive ability to test the relative contribution of personality traits to predictions of three critical outcomes: mortality, divorce, and occupational attainment. Only evidence from prospective longitudinal studies was considered. In addition, an attempt was made to limit the review to studies that controlled for important background factors. Results showed that the magnitude of the effects of personality traits on mortality, divorce, and occupational attainment was indistinguishable from the effects of SES and cognitive ability on these outcomes. These results demonstrate the influence of personality traits on important life outcomes, highlight the need to more routinely incorporate measures of personality into quality of life surveys, and encourage further research about the developmental origins of personality traits and the processes by which these traits influence diverse life outcomes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Conscientiousness was a stronger predictor of longevity than any other Big Five trait and a stronger predictor than either IQ or socioeconomic status.”
From Personality Psychology and Economics (2011) · cites this paper as Roberts, Kuncel, Shiner et al. [2007]
In the citing paper
“In general, traits related to Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, and Agreeableness are associated with longer lives, whereas those related to Neuroticism are associated with shorter life spans.”
From Personality Psychology and Economics (2011) · cites this paper as Roberts, Kuncel, Shiner et al. [2007]
In the citing paper
“Most studies in their meta-analysis control for relevant background factors, including gender and severity of disease.”
From Personality Psychology and Economics (2011) · cites this paper as Roberts, Kuncel, Shiner et al. [2007]
In the citing paper
“All-cause mortality has consistently been associated with both socioeconomic status (SES) (1-4) and personality traits (5).”
From Personality, Socioeconomic Status, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States (2010) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The strength of associations between Conscientiousness and longevity appears comparable to those between longevity and SES and IQ [59].”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“Our best personality score of fell just above the standard “correlational upper-limit” for behavior to predict personality (a Pearson correlation of to ) [94], [95].”
From Personality, Gender, and Age in the Language of Social Media: The Open-Vocabulary Approach (2013) · cites this paper as [95]
Citations
Cites
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
A Handbook of Child Psychology
(1932) · Nature · doi:10.1038/130331a0 · Cited by 10,133
Socioeconomic status and child development
Bradley, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233 · Cited by 5,484
Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work
Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/259118 · Cited by 4,965
From social integration to health: durkheim in the new millennium
Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00065-4 · Cited by 4,821
The structure of phenotypic personality traits.
Goldberg, L. R. (1993) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.1.26 · Cited by 4,816
Self-citationMeta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research
Rosenthal, R. (1991) · doi:10.4135/9781412984997 · Cited by 4,635
Handbook of Personality : Theory and Research
Pervin, L. A. (1992) · Cited by 4,543
The American Occupational Structure.
Blalock, H. M., Blau, P. M., Duncan, O. D., & Tyrée, A. (1968) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2092399 · Cited by 4,412
Madison, P., & Mischel, W. (1968) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421067 · Cited by 4,395
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- 10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.890 · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-3514.80.5.804 · DOI · Paper page
- Helson R., 2006, Unpublished data from the Mills Longitudinal Study
- Kaplan G.A., 1994, Epidemiology, 5, 495
- 10.1027//1016-9040.8.4.223 · DOI
- 10.1037/0003-066X.56.2.128 · DOI · Paper page
- Paul A.M., 2004, The cult of personality
- Pervin L.A., 1999, Handbook of personality theory and research
- Rosenthal R., 2000, Validity and social experimentation: Don Campbell's legacy, 121
- 10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.262 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,002
Horstmann, K. T., Rauthmann, J. F., Sherman, R. A., & Ziegler, M. (2021) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000357 · Cited by 89
Translating personality psychology to help personalize preventive medicine for young adult patients.
Israel, S., Moffitt, T. E., Belsky, D. W., Hancox, R. J., Poulton, R., Roberts, B., Thomson, W. M., & Caspi, A. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035687 · Cited by 95
Self-citationAllemand, M., Schaffhuser, K., & Martin, M. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167215569492 · Cited by 102
Individual differences in temperament and behavioral management practices for nonhuman primates
Coleman, K. (2012) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.08.002 · Cited by 94
Connecting Meeting Behavior with Extraversion—A Systematic Study
Lepri, B., Subramanian, R., Kalimeri, K., Staiano, J., Pianesi, F., & Sebe, N. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/t-affc.2012.17 · Cited by 94
Die Facettenstruktur des Big Five Inventory (BFI)
Rammstedt, B., & Danner, D. (2016) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026/0012-1924/a000161 · Cited by 109
Longitudinal Experience–Wide Association Studies—A Framework for Studying Personality Change
Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., Back, M. D., Denissen, J. J. A., Hennecke, M., Jokela, M., Kandler, C., Lucas, R. E., Luhmann, M., Orth, U., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2247 · Cited by 127
“34: 285–300 (2020) DOI: 10.1002/per determinants, such as socio-economic status and cognitive ability (Roberts et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationDonnellan, M. B., Conger, K. J., McAdams, K. K., & Neppl, T. K. (2009) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00596.x · Cited by 98
Construct Validity of Adolescents’ Self-Reported Big Five Personality Traits
Morizot, J. (2014) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191114524015 · Cited by 110
Social media-predicted personality traits and values can help match people to their ideal jobs
Kern, M. L., McCarthy, P. X., Chakrabarty, D., & Rizoiu, M.-A. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1917942116 · Cited by 100
Stieger, M., Wepfer, S., Rüegger, D., Kowatsch, T., Roberts, B. W., & Allemand, M. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2267 · Cited by 103
Self-citationPredicting Personality Using Answers to Open-Ended Interview Questions
Jayaratne, M., & Jayatilleke, B. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3004002 · Cited by 101
“4, for predicting personality with behaviour [25], [56].”
BackgroundPowers, A. D., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2012) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.4.524 · Cited by 93
The validity of a game-based assessment of persistence
Ventura, M., & Shute, V. J. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.033 · Cited by 93
Predicting adult occupational environments from gender and childhood personality traits.
Woods, S. A., & Hampson, S. E. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020600 · Cited by 91
Individual Differences and Differential Psychology
Revelle, W., Wilt, J. A., & Condon, D. M. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444343120.ch1 · Cited by 96
Understanding Implicit Bias: Putting the Criticism into Perspective
Brownstein, M., Madva, A., & Gawronski, B. (2020) · Pacific philosophical quarterly · doi:10.1111/papq.12302 · Cited by 98
Li, W., Li, S., Feng, J. (., Wang, M., Zhang, H., Fresé, M., & Wu, C. (2020) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000808 · Cited by 99
“Second, using self-report measures of personality, although adopted as a dominant approach in personality research (Ones et al., 2007; Roberts et al., 2007), raises the possibility whether social desirability may potentially account for the significant findings (P.”
BackgroundMann, F. D., Engelhardt, L. E., Briley, D. A., Grotzinger, A. D., Patterson, M. W., Tackett, J. L., Strathan, D. B., Heath, A. C., Lynskey, M. T., Slutske, W. S., et al. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.018 · Cited by 101
The development of personality across the lifespan
Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.015 · Cited by 89
Stroud, C. B., Durbin, C. E., Saigal, S. D., & Knobloch-Fedders, L. M. (2010) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.05.011 · Cited by 99
Personality in Social Psychology
Funder, D. C., & Fast, L. A. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy001018 · Cited by 90
Personality Change: Implications for Organizational Behavior
Tasselli, S., Kilduff, M., & Landis, B. (2018) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2016.0008 · Cited by 114
Letzring, T. D., Edmonds, G. W., & Hampson, S. E. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.10.002 · Cited by 90
Social Class Transitioners: Their Cultural Abilities and Organizational Importance
Martín, S., & Côté, S. (2018) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2017.0065 · Cited by 90
The healthy personality from a basic trait perspective.
Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., Ackerman, R. A., Witt, E. A., Kandler, C., Riemann, R., Samuel, D. B., & Donnellan, M. B. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000231 · Cited by 102
Differential innovation of smartphone and application use by sociodemographics and personality
Kim, Y., Briley, D. A., & Ocepek, M. G. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.059 · Cited by 99
Personality, religious and spiritual struggles, and well-being.
Wilt, J. A., Grubbs, J. B., Exline, J. J., & Pargäment, K. I. (2016) · Psychology of Religion and Spirituality · doi:10.1037/rel0000054 · Cited by 93
The incremental validity of average state self-reports over global self-reports of personality.
Finnigan, K. M., & Vazire, S. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000136 · Cited by 96
Self-control development in adolescence predicts love and work in adulthood.
Allemand, M., Job, V., & Mroczek, D. K. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000229 · Cited by 104
“The present results also parallel work showing that personality traits appear to be prospectively related to important life outcomes, such as health and longevity, marital success, and educational and occupational attainment (Roberts et al., 2007).”
ResultMartín, F. D. F., Tirado, J. L. A., & Torres, M. H. (2020) · Psicologí a Educativa · doi:10.5093/psed2020a11 · Cited by 111
“Additionally, if we put in perspective the magnitude of the grit effect found, as other authors like Roberts et al. (2007) point, we realize the importance and capacity of grit as a single characteristic to predict objective outcomes, since those results do not differ from those found related to…”
ResultKlimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Germeijs, V., Meeus, W., & Goossens, L. (2011) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9734-7 · Cited by 101
Ziegler, M. D., Cengia, A., Mussel, P., & Gerstorf, D. (2015) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0039493 · Cited by 86
Temperament and brain networks of attention
Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0254 · Cited by 95
Meyer, J., Fleckenstein, J., Retelsdorf, J., & Köller, O. (2018) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2018.11.005 · Cited by 86
Does leadership still not need emotional intelligence? Continuing “The Great EI Debate”
Dasborough, M. T., Ashkanasy, N. M., Humphrey, R. H., Harms, P. D., Credé, M., & Wood, D. (2021) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101539 · Cited by 129
Personality computing: New frontiers in personality assessment
Phan, L. V., & Rauthmann, J. F. (2021) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12624 · Cited by 87
“They are consequential for people's personal, occupational, and social daily lives (Ozer & Benet ‐ Martínez, 2006; Roberts et al., 2007) and predict many important life outcomes (e.g., mental and physical health, longevity, income, romantic attraction, divorce).”
BackgroundThe Big Five personality traits and earnings: A meta-analysis
Alderotti, G., Rapallini, C., & Traverso, S. (2022) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2022.102570 · Cited by 102
Bifactor Models of Personality and College Student Performance: A Broad versus Narrow View
McAbee, S. T., Oswald, F. L., & Connelly, B. S. (2014) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1975 · Cited by 86
The Social Consequences of Personality: Six Suggestions for Future Research
Back, M. D., & Vazire, S. (2015) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1998 · Cited by 86
Longitudinal impact of parental and adolescent personality on parenting.
de Haan, A. D., Deković, M., & Prinzie, P. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025254 · Cited by 96
Personality traits and emotional patterns in irritable bowel syndrome
Muscatello, M. R. A., Bruno, A., Mento, C., Pandolfo, G., & Zoccali, R. A. (2016) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i28.6402 · Cited by 96
Conscientiousness in the Classroom: A Process Explanation
Corker, K. S., Oswald, F. L., & Donnellan, M. B. (2011) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00750.x · Cited by 93
NEET Youth in the Aftermath of the Crisis: Challenges and PoliciesPreprint
Carcillo, S., & Königs, S. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2573655 · Cited by 98
Personality and medication non‐adherence among older adults enrolled in a six‐year trial
Jerant, A., Chapman, B., Duberstein, P., Robbins, J., & Franks, P. (2011) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910710x524219 · Cited by 86
An Adaptationist Framework for Personality Science
Lukaszewski, A. W., Lewis, D. M. G., Durkee, P. K., Sell, A. N., Sznycer, D., & Buss, D. M. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2292 · Cited by 88
“…alcoholism, marital conflict, infidelity, marital stability and divorce, occupational success, mating strategies, offspring production, and longevity (Buss, 1991a, 1991b; Goldberg, 1993; Mõttus et al., 2019; Ozer & Benet-Martinez, 2006; Penke & Jokela, 2016; Roberts et al., 2007; Soto, 2019).”
Childhood self-control forecasts the pace of midlife aging and preparedness for old age
Richmond‐Rakerd, L. S., Caspi, A., Ambler, A. P., d’Arbeloff, T. C., de Bruine, M., Elliott, M. L., Harrington, H., Hogan, S., Houts, R., Ireland, D. R., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2010211118 · Cited by 95
“Self-control measures have been found to predict success in certain life domains as well as or better than measures of socioeconomic origins (2, 54) and intelligence (2, 27, 54–56), and some early-childhood programs that improve self-control show positive effects on Fig.”
Self-citationInterpersonal Perception of Pathological Narcissism: A Social Relations Analysis
Lukowitsky, M. R., & Pincus, A. L. (2013) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.765881 · Cited by 83
Three Lines of Personality Development
McAdams, D. P. (2015) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000236 · Cited by 91
Adolescent conscientiousness predicts lower lifetime unemployment.
Egan, M., Daly, M., Delaney, L. D., Boyce, C. J., & Wood, A. M. (2016) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000167 · Cited by 88
Abuhassàn, A., & Bates, T. C. (2015) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000175 · Cited by 83
O’Kane, H., Ferguson, E., Kaler, J., & Green, L. E. (2016) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.05.009 · Cited by 94
Dyadic associations between testosterone and relationship quality in couples
Edelstein, R. S., van Anders, S. M., Chopik, W. J., Goldey, K. L., & Wardecker, B. M. (2014) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.03.003 · Cited by 65
Personality and Social Capital
Tulin, M., Lancee, B., & Völker, B. (2018) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0190272518804533 · Cited by 93
Roberts, B. W., Jackson, J. J., Bürger, J., & Trautwein, U. (2009) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579409000479 · Cited by 84
Self-citationA whole-life perspective of sustainable careers: The nature and consequences of nonwork orientations
Hirschi, A., Steiner, R. S., Burmeister, A., & Johnston, C. S. (2019) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103319 · Cited by 82
“Relatedly, people high in agreeableness might have more positive experiences in social interactions, for example, in the family role, because they can deal with reactions of their family members in a more positive way (i.e., personaity traits affect the reaction to behaviors of other people; Roberts et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialReisenzein, R., & Weber, H. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.007 · Cited by 84
Misconceptions of Traits Continue to Persist
Jackson, J. J., Hill, P. L., & Roberts, B. W. (2012) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206312438775 · Cited by 80
Self-citationUnderstanding neuroticism and social media: A systematic review
Bowden-Green, T., Hinds, J. M., & Joinson, A. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110344 · Cited by 87
Obrenovic, B., Du, J., Godinić, D., & Tsoy, D. (2021) · Journal of Knowledge Management · doi:10.1108/jkm-01-2021-0066 · Cited by 100
Physical topography is associated with human personality
Götz, F. M., Stieger, S., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2020) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0930-x · Cited by 90
Early personality traits as predictors of mortality risk following conjugal bereavement.
Taga, K. A., Friedman, H., & Martin, L. (2009) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00561.x · Cited by 69
Hartog, I. D., Scherer‐Rath, M., Kruizinga, R., Netjes, J. E., Henriques, J. P. S., Nieuwkerk, P. T., Sprangers, M. A. G., & van Laarhoven, H. W. M. (2017) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105317731823 · Cited by 83
The mindful personality: A meta-analysis from a cybernetic perspective
Hanley, A. W., & Garland, E. L. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0736-8 · Cited by 75
Putting mood in context: Using smartphones to examine how people feel in different locations
Sandstrom, G. M., Lathia, N., Mascolo, C., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.004 · Cited by 75
Brown, M. I., Wai, J., & Chabris, C. F. (2021) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620964122 · Cited by 88
“Beyond cognitive ability, personality and motivational traits, such as conscientiousness and selfcontrol, have also been found to be predictive of a variety of outcomes in life (Allemand et al., 2018; Roberts et al., 2007).”
BackgroundThe evolutionary fitness of personality traits in a small-scale subsistence society
Gurven, M., Rueden, C. R. V., Stieglitz, J., Kaplan, H. S., & Rodriguez, D. E. (2013) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.09.002 · Cited by 78
I Do … Want to Save: Marriage and Retirement Savings in Young Households
Knoll, M. A. Z., Tamborini, C. R., & Whitman, K. (2012) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00877.x · Cited by 77
Life satisfaction, income and personality
Proto, E., & Rustichini, A. (2015) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2015.02.001 · Cited by 80
Relationships between Personality and Cognitive Ability: A Facet-Level Analysis
Rammstedt, B., Lechner, C. M., & Danner, D. (2018) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence6020028 · Cited by 77
Evolved individual differences: Advancing a condition-dependent model of personality
Lewis, D. M. G. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.013 · Cited by 80
Neurobiological substrates of personality: A critical overview.
Yarkoni, T. (2014) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14343-003 · Cited by 81
Côté, S., Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025313 · Cited by 76
Ziegler, M. D., Danay, E., Schölmerich, F., & Bühner, M. (2010) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.753 · Cited by 76
Thrivers and divers: Using non-academic measures to predict college success and failure
Beattie, G., Laliberté, J.-W. P., & Oreopoulos, P. (2017) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.09.008 · Cited by 74
Meta-analysis of Big Five personality traits in autism spectrum disorder
Lodi‐Smith, J., Rodgers, J. D., Cunningham, S. A., Lopata, C. J., & Thomeer, M. L. (2018) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318766571 · Cited by 78
Humberg, S., Dufner, M., Schönbrodt, F. D., Geukes, K., Hutteman, R., Küfner, A. C. P., van Zalk, M. H. W., Denissen, J. J. A., Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000204 · Cited by 95
You’re still so vain: Changes in narcissism from young adulthood to middle age.
Wetzel, E., Grijalva, E. J., Robins, R. W., & Roberts, B. W. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000266 · Cited by 77
Self-citationUsing sequences of life-events to predict human lives
Savcisens, G., Eliassi‐Rad, T., Hansen, L. K., Mortensen, L. H., Lilleholt, L., Rogers, A., Zettler, I., & Lehmann, S. (2023) · Nature Computational Science · doi:10.1038/s43588-023-00573-5 · Cited by 95
“In spite of the difficulty in measurement, personality is an important feature, related to people’s thoughts, feelings and behavior, that shapes life outcomes 50 .”
Trends in GRE scores and graduate enrollments by gender and ethnicity
Bleske-Rechek, A. L., & Browne, K. R. (2014) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2014.05.005 · Cited by 80
Wood, D., Nye, C. D., & Saucier, G. (2010) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.02.003 · Cited by 74
WRIGHT, J. P., Morgan, M. A., Almeida, P. R., Almosaed, N. F., Moghrabi, S. S., & Bashatah, F. S. (2016) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204016667995 · Cited by 89
Integrating Personality Psychology into Economics
Heckman, J. J. (2011) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w17378 · Cited by 75
Thørrisen, M. M., & Sadeghi, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1202953 · Cited by 87
“Research has demonstrated that personality traits predict a variety of outcomes, such as health, longevity (Ozer and Benet-Martinez, 2006; Roberts et al., 2007), job performance and satisfaction (Judge and Bono, 2001), consumption of psychoactive substances (Paunonen and Ashton, 2001), political participation (Mondak…”
BackgroundLeikas, S., & Ilmarinen, V. (2016) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12264 · Cited by 80
Life skills, wealth, health, and wellbeing in later life
Steptoe, A., & Wardle, J. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1616011114 · Cited by 86
Agbaria, Q., & Bdier, D. (2019) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2019.1699041 · Cited by 74
Meyer, J., Jansen, T., Hübner, N., & Lüdtke, O. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-023-09736-2 · Cited by 91
“What has been found to be most relevant for the developmental transition during adolescence is the process of active niche picking (Caspi et al., 2005; Roberts et al., 2007).”
BackgroundAlessandri, G., Vecchione, M., Donnellan, B. M., Eisenberg, N., Caprara, G. V., & Cieciuch, J. (2013) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12065 · Cited by 75
The Dynamics of Self–Esteem in Partner Relationships
Mund, M., Finn, C. T., Hagemeyer, B., Zimmermann, J., & Neyer, F. J. (2015) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1984 · Cited by 85
A Self-Regulatory Mechanism for Personality Trait Stability
Gallagher, P., Fleeson, W., & Hoyle, R. H. (2010) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550610390701 · Cited by 76
Jerant, A., Griffin, E., Rainwater, J., Henderson, M., Sousa, F., Bertakis, K. D., Fenton, J. J., & Franks, P. (2012) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31826102ad · Cited by 70
Li, Y., Hu, T., Ge, T., & Auden, E. (2019) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2019.08.003 · Cited by 87
Spengler, M., Lüdtke, O., Martin, R., & Brunner, M. (2013) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.05.008 · Cited by 77
Stieger, M., Nißen, M., Rüegger, D., Kowatsch, T., Flückiger, C., & Allemand, M. (2018) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-018-0257-9 · Cited by 78
“time periods is related to more health-related behaviors and ultimately to better health and well-being [86, 87].”
BackgroundAn education gradient in health, a health gradient in education, or a confounded gradient in both?
Lynch, J. L., & von Hippel, P. T. (2016) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.02.029 · Cited by 71
Soto, C. J. (2021) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550619900572 · Cited by 90
“Email: christopher.soto@colby.edu Each of the Big Five has been linked with important behaviors and life outcomes (Ozer & Benet-Martinez, 2006; Roberts et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialHengartner, M. P., Kawohl, W., Haker, H., Wulf Rössler, A., & Ajdacic‐Gross, V. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.03.012 · Cited by 78
Wertz, J., Belsky, J., Moffitt, T. E., Belsky, D. W., Harrington, H., Avinun, R., Poulton, R., Ramrakha, S., & Caspi, A. (2019) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000709 · Cited by 78
Self-citationEbert, T., Gebauer, J. E., Brenner, T., Bleidorn, W., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2021) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691621998326 · Cited by 88
Metadata
- Authors
- Roberts, B. W., Kuncel, N. R., Shiner, R., Caspi, A., & Goldberg, L. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Colgate University (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Oregon Research Institute (US)
- Venue
- Perspectives on Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 313-345
- ISSN
- 1745-6916 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-6924
- PMC
- PMC4499872
- OpenAlex
- W2089632658
- Semantic Scholar
- bcbc6fe16b36fc8cbc28967c96039cbec4325875
- Cited by
- 2,361
- References
- 233
- Citations by year
- 2026: 94 · 2025: 108 · 2024: 135 · 2023: 129 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 171 · 2020: 239 · 2019: 168 · 2018: 148 · 2017: 157 · 2016: 180 · 2015: 139 · 2014: 118 · 2013: 97 · 2012: 92
- FWCI
- 55.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Perspectives on Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag020048-24)
- National Institute on Aging (R01-AG020048)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH049227, R37MH049227, R01MH049414, R01MH045070)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- personality traits, socioeconomic status, cognitive ability, predictive validity, mortality, divorce, occupational attainment, life outcomes, quality of life survey
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
