A qualitative examination of perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity for urban and rural youth
Open accessAbstract
Many adolescents, both rural and urban, are not meeting the recommended levels for physical activity (PA). This investigation was designed to elicit socioecologic barriers and facilitators for PA in rural and urban middle school youth and their parents. Thirteen focus groups were conducted with 41 youth and 50 parents from eastern North Carolina. Distance, cost, crime/danger and television were mentioned as the primary barriers among parents. Youth mentioned school policies related to PA and crime/danger as the main PA barriers. The most salient facilitators discussed by parents were social/peer facilitators, facilities available and parental role modeling of PA. The primary facilitators mentioned by youth were social outlets and facilities available. Results indicate that intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental and policy factors related to PA resonated with both youth and parents. Since rural and urban residents often perceive and interact differently with PA environments, more research is needed to properly adapt interventions.
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Break-time policies included policies on which grades get to participate in outdoor recess, rules about accessing equipment during break times, and regulations regarding access to physical activity facilities during breaks and out-of-hours/after-school.
“These included policies on which grades get to participate in outdoor recess 78, rules about accessing equipment during break times 38, 53, 56 and regulations regarding access to physical activity facilities during breaks and out‐of‐hours/after‐school (usually because of no supervision) 49, 53, 55.”
From The school environment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a mixed-studies systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [78]
Other wider school policies that created barriers to physical activity included physical activity uniforms, amounts of homework and school scheduling that leaves students too tired or busy for physical activity.
“Other wider school policies that created barriers to physical activity included physical activity uniforms (particularly for girls and related to body image concerns) 64, amounts of homework 78 and school scheduling that leaves students too tired or busy for physical activity 55, 56.”
From The school environment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a mixed-studies systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [78]
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Morton, K. L., Atkin, A. J., Corder, K., Suhrcke, M., & van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12352 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
“Students (and PE teachers) additionally perceived that they simply do not acquire enough PE (45,47,49,52,57,78).”
BackgroundInfluentialCrouter, S. E., de Ferranti, S. D., Whiteley, J., Steltz, S. K., Osganian, S. K., Feldman, H. A., & Hayman, L. L. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141584 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Moore, J. B., Jilcott, S. B., Shores, K. A., Evenson, K. R., Brownson, R. C., & Novick, L. F.
- Affiliations
- East Carolina University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Moore, J. B.
- Venue
- Health Education Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-02-18
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 355-367
- ISSN
- 0268-1153 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-3648
- PMC
- PMC10170971
- OpenAlex
- W2130815668
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 8.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Health Education Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (K01DP001126)
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U48-DP000060, K01-DP001126)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Sports and Physical Education Studies
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- physical activity, barriers and facilitators, adolescents, rural youth, urban youth, junior high school students, parents, school physical activity policy, television viewing, parental role modeling, physical activity facilities, eastern North Carolina
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, North Carolina, Obesity, Rural Population, Social Environment, Urban Population, Exercise, Organizational Policy, Focus Groups, Self Efficacy
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