Preferential Relative Porphyrin Enrichment in Solar Keratoses upon Topical Application of ^‐Aminolevulinic Acid Methylester
Abstract
Topically applied δ‐aminolevulinic acid is used efficiently for the treatment of solar keratoses by photodynamic therapy. Recent animal studies suggest that porphyrin sensitization of epithelial tissue is improved by using esters rather than free δ‐aminolevulinic acid. The present study examines porphyrin metabolite formation after topical application of δ‐aminolevulinic acid or δ‐aminolevulinic acid methylester in human solar keratoses versus adjacent normal skin. Levels of total porphyrins, porphyrin metabolites and protein were measured in skin samples excised after 1 and 6 h. Higher levels of porphyrins were observed in solar keratoses than in normal skin with both substances. Maximum porphyrin levels were present in solar keratoses treated with δ‐aminolevulinic acid for 6 h. However, the ratio of porphyrins in solar keratoses versus adjacent normal skin was higher with 8‐aminolevulinic acid methylester. The pattern of porphyrins showed no significant difference between normal and afflicted skin, protoporphyrin being predominant. The results suggest that application of free δ‐aminolevulinic acid may be more effective in sensitizing solar keratoses. However, treatment with 8‐aminolevulinic acid methylester leads to a preferential enrichment of porphyrins within lesional skin.
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MAL produces less PpIX than ALA due to the need for cleaving the ester bond to release free ALA, but PpIX induced by MAL is more selective in AK lesions than that induced by ALA.
“Although MAL produces less PpIX than ALA due to the need for cleaving the ester bond to release free ALA, PpIX induced by MAL is more selective in AK lesions than that induced by ALA [19].”
From 5-Aminolevulinic Acid as a Theranostic Agent for Tumor Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [19]
MAL is known to be more selective than ALA; moreover, the therapy is comparably or less painful and causes less systemic effects after local treatment.
“MAL is known to be more selective then ALA. Moreover, the therapy is comparably or less painful and causes less systemic effects after local treatment [126,127,128].”
From Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) as a Prodrug in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer (2011) · cites this paper as [126]
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- Authors
- Fritsch, C., Homey, B., Stahl, W., Lehmann, P., Ruzicka, T., & Sies, H.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Fritsch, Clemens
- Venue
- Photochemistry and Photobiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-08
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 218-221
- ISSN
- 0031-8655 (ISSN-L)
- 1751-1097
- OpenAlex
- W2006115642
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Photochemistry and Photobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- actinic keratosis, 5-aminolevulinic acid, porphyrins, protoporphyrin IX, photodynamic therapy, topical application, skin lesions
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Topical, Aminolevulinic Acid, Animals, Humans, Keratosis, Photochemotherapy, Porphyrins, Sunlight, Photosensitizing Agents, Photobiology, In Vitro Techniques
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